Coupled electric and magnetic dipole formulation for planar arrays of dipolar particles: metasurfaces with various electric and/or magnetic meta-atoms per unit cell

The optical properties of infinite planar array of scattering particles, metasurfaces and metagratings, are attracting special attention lately for their rich phenomenology, including both plasmonic and high-refractive-index dielectric meta-atoms with a variety of electric and magnetic resonant responses. Herein we derive a coupled electric and magnetic dipole (CEMD) analytical formulation to describe the reflection and transmission of such periodic arrays, including specular and diffractive orders, valid in the spectral regimes where only dipolar multipoles are needed. Electric and/or magnetic dipoles with all three orientations arising in turn from a single or various meta-atoms per unit cell are considered. The 2D lattice Green function is rewritten in terms of a 1D (chain) version that fully converges and can be easily calculated. Modes emerging as poles of such lattice Green function can be extracted. This formulation can be applied to investigate a wealth of plasmonic, all-dielectric, and hybrid metasurfaces/metagratings of interest throughout the electromagnetic spectrum.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Tailoring accidental double bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurfaces

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have been thoroughly investigated due to their formally divergent Q-factor, especially those emerging in all-dielectric, nanostructured metasurfaces from symmetry protection at the $\Gamma$ point (in-plane wavevector $k_{||}=0$). Less attention has been paid to accidental BICs that may appear at any other $k_{||}\not =0$ in the band structure of supported modes, being in turn difficult to predict. Here we make use of a coupled electric/magnetic dipole model to determine analytical conditions for the emergence of accidental BICs, valid for any planar array of meta-atoms that can be described by dipolar resonances, which is the case of many nanostructures in the optical domain. This is explored for all-dielectric nanospheres through explicit analytical conditions that allow us in turn to predict accidental BIC positions in the parameter space $(\omega,\bf{k_{||}}$). Finally, such conditions are exploited to determine not only single, but also double (for both linear polarizations) accidental BICs occurring at the same position in the dispersion relation $\omega-\bf{k_{||}}$ for realistic semiconductor nanodisk meta-atoms. This might pave the way to a variety of BIC-enhanced light-matter interaction phenomena at the nanoscale such as lasing or non-linear conversion, that benefit from emerging at wavevectors away from the $\Gamma$ point (off-normal incidence) overlapping for both linear polarizations.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

Kerker Conditions Upon Lossless, Absorption, and Optical Gain Regimes

The directionality and polarization of light show peculiar properties when the scattering by a dielectric sphere can be described exclusively by electric and magnetic dipolar modes. Particularly, when these modes oscillate in-phase with equal amplitude, at the so-called first Kerker condition, the zero optical backscattering condition emerges for non-dissipating spheres. However, the role of absorption and optical gain in the first Kerker condition remains unexplored. In this work, we demonstrate that either absorption or optical gain precludes the first Kerker condition and, hence, the absence of backscattered radiation light, regardless of the size of the particle, incident wavelength, and incoming polarization. Finally, we derive the necessary prerequisites of the second Kerker condition of the zero forward light scattering, finding that optical gain is a compulsory requirement

Digestive tract morphology and enzyme activities of juvenile diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed fishmeal-based diets with or without fish protein hydrolysates

[EN] Triploid, sterile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) could make a contribution to the development of the farming industry, but uncertainties about the performance and welfare of triploids have limited their adoption by farmers. In this study, we compared the ontogeny of digestive tract morphology and enzyme activities (pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase) of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon. Fish were fed diets based on fishmeal (STD) or a mix of fishmeal and hydrolysed fish proteins (HFM) whilst being reared at low temperature from start-feeding to completion of the parr-smolt transformation. Fish weights for each ploidy and feed combination were used to calculate thermal growth coefficients (TGCs) that spanned this developmental period, and the data were used to examine possible relationships between enzyme activities and growth. At the end of the experiment, faeces were collected and analyzed to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of the dietary amino acids (AAs). Digestive tract histo-morphology did not differ substantially between ploidies and generally reflected organ maturation and functionality. There were no consistent differences in proteolytic enzyme activities resulting from the inclusion of HFM in the diet, nor was there improved digestibility and AA bioavailability of the HFM feed in either diploid or triploid fish. The triploid salmon had lower ADCs than diploids for most essential and non-essential AAs in both diets (STD and HFM), but without there being any indication of lower intestinal protease activity in triploid fish. When trypsin-to-chymotrypsin activity and trypsin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ratios (T:C and T:ALP, respectively) were considered in combination with growth data (TGC) low T:C and T:ALP values coincided with times of reduced fish growth, and vice versa, suggesting that T:C and T:ALP may be used to predict recent growth history and possible growth potential.This work was supported by the Norwegian Research Council, Regional Research Fund-RFF-NORD -https://www. regionaleforskningsfond.no/ -(Grant no. 248028, VP at Nofima as project coordinator) and the Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, (UiT) the Arctic University of Norway. The funder provided support in the form of salary for one author [VP] but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of this and other authors are articulated in the "author contributions" section. Publication charges for the article were provided by the Open Access publication fund of UiT, the Arctic University of Norway.Martínez-Llorens, S.; Peruzzi, S.; Falk-Petersen, I.; Godoy-Olmos, S.; Olav Ulleberg, L.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Puvanendran, V.... (2021). Digestive tract morphology and enzyme activities of juvenile diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed fishmeal-based diets with or without fish protein hydrolysates. PLoS ONE. 16(1):1-28. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245216S128161Benfey, T. J. (2015). Effectiveness of triploidy as a management tool for reproductive containment of farmed fish: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a case study. Reviews in Aquaculture, 8(3), 264-282. doi:10.1111/raq.12092Lijalad, M., & Powell, M. D. (2009). Effects of lower jaw deformity on swimming performance and recovery from exhaustive exercise in triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Aquaculture, 290(1-2), 145-154. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.039Benfey, T. J. (1999). The Physiology and Behavior of Triploid Fishes. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 7(1), 39-67. doi:10.1080/10641269991319162Peruzzi, S., Hagen, Ø., & Jobling, M. (2014). Gut morphology of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture International, 23(4), 1105-1108. doi:10.1007/s10499-014-9867-2Cantas, L., Fraser, T. W., Fjelldal, P. G., Mayer, I., & Sørum, H. (2011). The culturable intestinal microbiota of triploid and diploid juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) - a comparison of composition and drug resistance. BMC Veterinary Research, 7(1), 71. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-7-71Benhaïm, D., Leblanc, C. A. L., Horri, K., Mannion, K., Galloway, M., Leeper, A., … Thorarensen, H. (2020). The effect of triploidy on the performance, gut microbiome and behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) raised at low temperature. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 229, 105031. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105031Van den Ingh, T. S. G. A. M., Krogdahl, Å., Olli, J. J., Hendriks, H. G. C. J. M., & Koninkx, J. G. J. F. (1991). Effects of soybean-containing diets on the proximal and distal intestine in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): a morphological study. Aquaculture, 94(4), 297-305. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90174-6Krogdahl, Å., Bakke-McKellep, A. M., & Baeverfjord, G. (2003). Effects of graded levels of standard soybean meal on intestinal structure, mucosal enzyme activities, and pancreatic response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(6), 361-371. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00264.xURÁN, P. A., SCHRAMA, J. W., JAAFARI, S., BAARDSEN, G., ROMBOUT, J. H. W. M., KOPPE, W., & VERRETH, J. A. J. (2009). Variation in commercial sources of soybean meal influences the severity of enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(5), 492-499. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00615.xMoldal, T., Løkka, G., Wiik-Nielsen, J., Austbø, L., Torstensen, B. E., Rosenlund, G., … Koppang, E. O. (2014). 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(2013). Feeding behaviour and digestive physiology in larval fish: current knowledge, and gaps and bottlenecks in research. Reviews in Aquaculture, 5, S59-S98. doi:10.1111/raq.12010Savoie, A., Le François, N. R., Lamarre, S. G., Blier, P. U., Beaulieu, L., & Cahu, C. (2011). Dietary protein hydrolysate and trypsin inhibitor effects on digestive capacities and performances during early-stages of spotted wolffish: Suggested mechanisms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 158(4), 525-530. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.12.017Blier, P. ., Lemieux, H., & Devlin, R. . (2002). Is the growth rate of fish set by digestive enzymes or metabolic capacity of the tissues? Insight from transgenic coho salmon. Aquaculture, 209(1-4), 379-384. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00807-9Kolkovski, & Tandler. (2000). The use of squid protein hydrolysate as a protein source in microdiets for gilthead seabream Sparus aurata larvae. 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Microhistological References of Plants Available for Ungulates in Sonora, Mexico

The microhistological technique is the most popular methodology used to determine the wild and domestic ungulates diet; its success depends on the development of a reliable reference catalog. Objective: To describe and analyze the epidermal structures of the plants available for wild and domestic ungulates in Sonora, Mexico, using the microhistological technique. Methodology: A comprehensive collection of the plants available for wild and domestic ungulates was carried out at UMA Rancho Noche Buena, in order to subsequently identify their genus and species. Plant structures were analyzed with the modified microhistological technique, scraping the beam and underside cuticle of leaf plants. In addition, at least one photograph was taken to characterize them. Results and Discussion: The epidermal structures of 95.95% of the analyzed plants were observed with the microhistological technique and its modification. The distinctive structures of 74 plant species were identified, in order to describe the main characteristics of each species. A catalog of microhistological references was developed from the data collected; it included information about the morphology and arrangement of structures such as: epidermal cells, stomata and trichrome. A difference was found between the beam and underside of the leaves in 23% of the species. Conclusion: A reliable microhistological reference catalog should consider possible differences between the beam and underside of the leaves of plants

Mineral Profile in Soil and Forages of Rangelands of the Huasteca Potosina, Mexico

Mineral imbalances in soils and forages may cause suboptimal production of forage biomass and livestock. Objective: To determine the concentrations of minerals in soil and forage during the dry and wet seasons in the Huasteca Potosina. Materials and Methods: Samples from the soil and the main forage species consumed by livestock were collected in 17 production units (PU). The P content in soil and forage was determined by colorimetry, while the Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Co content was established by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and flame photometry was used to calculate Na and K content. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance; the effect of PU, season, and interactions was considered as fixed effect. Means were compared using Tukey’s test. Results and Discussion: P and Cu content was below the minimum critical level required for adequate plant growth. Furthermore, the P, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Co, and Zn concentration in forage failed to meet the minimum requirements for livestock. Conclusions: The mineral imbalances in the grazing areas and the forages do not meet the minimum mineral requirements of dual-purpose cattle in the Huasteca Potosina

Diseño del Módulo de Salidas Gráficas: Especificaciones Generales

Fil: Marquínez García, Jorge. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: García Manteca, Pilar. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: Sánchez, D. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: Candaosa, Norberto Gabriel. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Chavez, Silvia Beatríz. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Ferpozzi, Federico Javier. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Olmos, María Isabel. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Benítez, Javier. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Rodríguez, Valentín. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Gabande, Liliana. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Tavitian Serrano, Ana Felisa. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Oyola, Matías. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Colina, A. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España

Protocolo para la Incorporación de las Cartas Geológicas de la República de Argentina

Fil: Marquínez García, Jorge. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: García Manteca, Pilar. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: Sánchez , D. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: Colina, A. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: Candaosa, Norberto Gabriel. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Chavez, Silvia Beatríz. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Ferpozzi, Federico Javier. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Olmos, María Isabel. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Benítez, Javier. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Rodríguez, Valentín. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Gabande, Liliana. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Tavitian Serrano, Ana Felisa. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Oyola, Matías. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina

Diseño del Módulo de Salidas Gráficas de la Carta Geológica

Fil: Marquínez García, Jorge. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: García Manteca, Pilar. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: Sánchez, D. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: Colina, A. INDUROT: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio – Universidad de Oviedo; España.Fil: Candaosa, Norberto Gabriel. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Chavez, Silvia Beatríz. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Ferpozzi, Federico Javier. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Olmos, María Isabel. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Benítez, Javier. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Rodríguez, Valentín. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Gabande, Liliana. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Tavitian Serrano, Ana Felisa. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Oyola, Matías. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina