5 research outputs found
Social Capital and Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood
Im Gegensatz zu Hobb’schen Argumentationen ist die Bereitstellung von
Governance nicht notwendigerweise an starke Staatlichkeit gebunden: Empirische
Belege zeigen, dass verschiedene (nicht-staatliche) Akteure Governance-
Leistungen trotz zumindest begrenzter Staatlichkeit bereitstellen – entgegen
vieler Stimmen in zeitgenössischen Diskursen zu schwacher und gescheiterter
Staatlichkeit. Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, wie die Fälle erklärt werden
können, wo Governance erfolgreich bereitgestellt wird obwohl der Staat
entweder keine Governance-Leistungen erbringt oder erbringen kann. Im Rahmen
des Transfers von Forschungsergebnissen der Politischen Soziologie in die
Analyse von „Governance ohne Staat“ geht der Aufsatz von der Annahme aus, dass
Art und Weise wie Gesellschaften sich organisieren maĂźgeblich von deren
sozialstruktureller Bedingtheit abhängen. Diese spezifiziert der Aufsatz
mithilfe des Sozialkapitaltheorie. Auf dem Weg zu einer Politischen Soziologie
der „Governance ohne Staat“, stellt der Aufsatz die Beziehung zwischen
Sozialkapital, vor allem in seiner Ausprägung als interpersonelles Vertrauen,
und sozialer Handlungskoordination als Grundlage von Governance her. In diesem
Kontext wird die Bereitstellung von Governance als Spiel kollektiven Handelns
verstanden („Governance Game“), in dem das Verhalten sozial-eingebetteter
(kollektiver) Akteure (und insbesondere ihre Kooperationsentscheidungen)
maßgeblich von dem Umfang ihres Sozialkapitals abhängen. Das zentrale Argument
des Aufsatzes ist, dass spezifische Typen von Sozialkapital bestimmte Modi der
sozialen Handlungskoordination in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit ermöglichen
und entsprechend erklären. Im Rahmen eines explorativen Zugangs werden
konzeptuelle und theoretische Begründungen vorgebracht, die bei der Erklärung
der Varianz und der Prozesse von Governance auĂźerhalb der OECD-Welt neue
Perspektiven eröffnen.Unlike what Hobbesian theories argue, the provision of governance is not
necessarily undermined by a lack of statehood. Empirical findings show that –
contrary to many voices in current debates on weak, failing, or failed states
– various (non-state) actors provide governance even when statehood is
limited. This paper addresses the puzzle of how to account for cases where
governance exists although the state cannot or does not provide it.
Transferring insights from political sociology to the analysis of such “gov-
ernance without the state,” the paper holds that the way societies manage
their affairs critically depends on social conditions, which are captured here
following social capital theory. Working toward a political sociology of
“governance without a state,” this paper links social capital, resulting in
interpersonal trust, to social coordination underlying the provision of
governance. In this context, governance is interpreted as a collective action
game (“governance game”), in which socially embedded (collective) actors are
seen as players whose behavior (in particular their decisions to cooperate)
depends critically on their social capital endowments. The main argument is
that specific types of social capital endowments facilitate – and, thus,
explain – specific modes of social coordination in areas of limited statehood.
Explorative in nature, con- ceptual and theoretical arguments will be
developed that offer new perspectives to explain the variance and mechanisms
of governance outside the OECD world
On the social conditions of governance : social capital and governance in areas of limited statehood
Unlike what Hobbesian theories argue, the provision of governance is not necessarily undermined by a
lack of statehood. Empirical findings show that – contrary to many voices in current debates on weak,
failing, or failed states – various (non-state) actors provide governance even when statehood is limited.
This paper addresses the puzzle of how to account for cases where governance exists although the state
cannot or does not provide it. Transferring insights from political sociology to the analysis of such “governance
without the state,” the paper holds that the way societies manage their affairs critically depends
on social conditions, which are captured here following social capital theory. Working toward a political
sociology of “governance without a state,” this paper links social capital, resulting in interpersonal trust, to
social coordination underlying the provision of governance. In this context, governance is interpreted as
a collective action game (“governance game”), in which socially embedded (collective) actors are seen as
players whose behavior (in particular their decisions to cooperate) depends critically on their social capital
endowments. The main argument is that specific types of social capital endowments facilitate – and, thus,
explain – specific modes of social coordination in areas of limited statehood. Explorative in nature, conceptual
and theoretical arguments will be developed that offer new perspectives to explain the variance and
mechanisms of governance outside the OECD world
Mesenchymal inflammation drives genotoxic stress in hematopoietic stem cells and predicts disease evolution in human pre-leukemia
Mesenchymal niche cells may drive tissue failure and malignant transformation in the hematopoietic system but the molecular mechanisms and their relevance to human disease remain poorly defined. Here, we show that perturbation of mesenchymal cells in a mouse model of the preleukemic disorder Shwachman-Diamond syndrome induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and activation of DNA damage responses in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Massive parallel RNA sequencing of highly purified mesenchymal cells in the mouse model and a range of human preleukemic syndromes identified p53-S100A8/9-TLR inflammatory signaling as a common driving mechanism of genotoxic stress.
Transcriptional activation of this signaling axis in the mesenchymal niche predicted leukemic evolution and progression-free survival in myelodysplastic syndrome, the principal leukemia predisposition syndrome. Collectively, our findings reveal a concept of mesenchymal niche-induced genotoxic stress in heterotypic stem and progenitor cells through inflammatory signaling as an actionable determinant of disease outcome in human preleukemia
Meta-Governance of Partnerships for Sustainable Development: Actorss Perspectives on How the UN Could Improve Partnershipss Governance Services in Areas of Limited Statehood
Cancer and bone: A complex complex
Primary and secondary bone cancers are rare events. However, once settled, a complex process is started involving an extensive amount of factors and interactions. The bone micro-environment is a preferential site for (metastatic) tumor cells to enter, stay, colonize and expand. The fact that the tumor cells affect the complete bone environment involving many cell types and regulatory pathways to stimulate their own growth and escape from therapy is devastating for the patient. Many efforts have been made to get more insight into the mechanisms underlying the communication between bone cells and cancer cells and progress is made in therapeutic interventions. This review will discuss the biological mechanisms of primary bone malignancies (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma) and secondary bone malignancies (bone metastases) and therapeutic interventions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved