Kartlegging av fysisk aktivitet i to bedrifter

Innledning Utviklingen fra andre verdenskrig og frem til i dag viser en mer stillesittende hverdag. Arbeidsoppgaver som tidligere bestod av mye kroppslig arbeid, er i dag erstattet med maskiner som gjør at arbeidshverdagen blir mindre fysisk krevende. I tillegg har kommunikasjonsverktøy som smarttelefoner og Internett gjort det enklere å drive kommunikasjon, som medfører mer stillesitting på jobb og hjemme og i hverdagen generelt. Metode Kontorister (n=9) og elektrikere (n=5) utgjorde yrkesgruppene som ble testet. Registrering av fysisk aktivitet gikk over tre sammenhengende dager med ni timers arbeidsdag. Det ble brukt aktivitetsmålere (Actigraph GT3X-BT) for å kartlegge aktivitetsnivået, gitt i skritt, energi, intensitet og MET. Forskjellen i fysisk aktivitet (skritt, energi, intensitet og PAL) ble testet ved bruk av en tosidig uavhengig t-test. Signifikansnivået er satt til p<0,05. Resultat Begge bedriftene gjennomførte med 100% tilstedeværelse. Kontoristenes gjennomsnittlige telling av skritt var 10.958, og 14.402 for elektrikerne. Når det gjelder forskjellen i skritt, så vises det ingen signifikant forskjell mellom bedriftene. Prosenten av totaltiden i de forskjellige intensitetssonene hos kontoristene og elektrikerne var henholdsvis 75% mot 59% i hvile, 22% mot 37% i lett og 3% mot 4% i MVPA. I to av de tre intensitetssonene (hvile og lett) er det en forskjell mellom bedriftene, mens i den tredje sonen (MVPA) er det ingen signifikant forskjell. Bedriftene forbrukte henholdsvis 815 mot 852 kcal. Ved oppsummering i PAL-verdier over testperioden viser resultatene ingen signifikant forskjell angående fysisk aktivitetsnivå Konklusjon Basert på hovedfunnene (skritt, intensitet, energi og PAL) er det ingen signifikant forskjell mellom bedriftene i noen av kategoriene for aktivtetsnivå

VMBO: Tevredenheid en aansluiting met vervolgonderwijs

Jaarlijks ontvangen ongeveer 100.000 jongeren een VMBO-diploma. Daarmee kanhet VMBO-diploma als een eerste belangrijke mijlpaal in het Nederlandse onderwijsstelselgezien worden. Het VMBO dient dan ook een stevige basis te biedenaan jongeren in hun verdere onderwijsloopbaan. Het voorliggende rapport VMBO:Tevredenheid en aansluiting met vervolgonderwijs, dat in het kader van het 10-jarigjubileum van het VMBO aangeboden wordt, laat de gediplomeerden van het VMBOaan het woord komen.labour market entry and occupational careers;

Using stakeholders' experiences to redesign health services for persons living with heart failure: A case study protocol in a Swedish cardiac care setting

Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Introduction: Clinical guidelines promote recognising persons with heart failure (referred to as PWHF) as coproducers of their own care. Coproduction of healthcare—involving PWHF, families and professionals in care processes—aims to promote the best possible health. Still, it is unclear how to coproduce heart failure (HF) care. This study explores whether and how Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) involving PWHF, family members and professionals can be undertaken online, in a Swedish cardiac care setting, to codesign improved experiences of HF care. Methods and analysis: In EBCD, stakeholders’ experiences are solicited to redesign healthcare services. First, we will undertake a thematic analysis of field notes from consultations and filmed/audio-recorded interviews with PWHF (n=10–12). This analysis will identify ‘touchpoints’ (emotionally positive/negative events that shape overall service experiences), edited into a ‘trigger film’. Next, a thematic analysis of family members’ (n=10– 12) and professionals’ (n=10–12) interviews will identify key themes mirroring their experiences. Separate feedback events with each stakeholder group will confirm identified touchpoints and key themes and identify areas for HF care improvement. At a joint event, prompted by the ‘trigger film’, stakeholders will agree on one area for HF care improvement. A team including PWHF, family members and professionals, led by an improvement adviser, will then plan, design, implement and evaluate an improvement activity addressing the identified problem area. A deductive thematic analysis of field notes, project documentation and stakeholder focus group interviews, underpinned by MUSIQ, will identify how organisational conditions influence the process. Quantitative measurements, describing the results of the improvement activity, will be integrated with qualitative data to strengthen the case. To reduce resource intensity, we will use online tools during the process. Ethics and dissemination: The Swedish Ethical Review Authority approved the study in May 2021. The results will be disseminated through seminars, conference presentations and publications.publishedVersio

An array of highly flexible electrodes with a tailored configuration locked by gelatin during implantation-initial evaluation in cortex cerebri of awake rats.

A major challenge in the field of neural interfaces is to overcome the problem of poor stability of neuronal recordings, which impedes long-term studies of individual neurons in the brain. Conceivably, unstable recordings reflect relative movements between electrode and tissue. To address this challenge, we have developed a new ultra-flexible electrode array and evaluated its performance in awake non-restrained animals

How does lean work in emergency care? A case study of a lean-inspired intervention at the Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is growing interest in applying lean thinking in healthcare, yet, there is still limited knowledge of how and why lean interventions succeed (or fail). To address this gap, this in-depth case study examines a lean-inspired intervention in a Swedish pediatric Accident and Emergency department.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used a mixed methods explanatory single case study design. Hospital performance data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and statistical process control techniques to assess changes in performance one year before and two years after the intervention. We collected qualitative data through non-participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and internal documents to describe the process and content of the lean intervention. We then analyzed empirical findings using four theoretical lean principles (Spear and Bowen 1999) to understand how and why the intervention worked in its local context as well as to identify its strengths and weaknesses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Improvements in waiting and lead times (19-24%) were achieved and sustained in the two years following lean-inspired changes to employee roles, staffing and scheduling, communication and coordination, expertise, workspace layout, and problem solving. These changes resulted in improvement because they: (a) standardized work and reduced ambiguity, (b) connected people who were dependent on one another, (c) enhanced seamless, uninterrupted flow through the process, and (d) empowered staff to investigate problems and to develop countermeasures using a "scientific method". Contextual factors that may explain why not even greater improvement was achieved included: a mismatch between job tasks, licensing constraints, and competence; a perception of being monitored, and discomfort with inter-professional collaboration.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Drawing on Spear and Bowen's theoretical propositions, this study explains how a package of lean-like changes translated into better care process management. It adds new knowledge regarding how lean principles can be beneficially applied in healthcare and identifies changes to professional roles as a potential challenge when introducing lean thinking there. This knowledge may enable health care organizations and managers in other settings to configure their own lean program and to better understand the reasons behind lean's success (or failure).</p

MicroRNAs in Differentiation of Embryoid Bodies and the Teratoma Subtype of Testicular Cancer

Background: Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most frequent tumour type among young, adult men. TGCTs can be efficiently treated, but metastases of the teratoma subtype, for which there are no circulating biomarkers, represent a challenge. Materials and Methods: Global microRNA expression in teratoma tissue and embryoid bodies was assessed using next-generation sequencing. Levels of microRNAs identified as potential biomarkers were obtained from serum of patients with teratoma and matched healthy men. Results: We identified miR-222-5p, miR-200a-5p, miR-196b-3p and miR-454-5p as biomarker candidates from the tumour tissue and embryoid body screening but the expression of these microRNAs was very low in serum and not statistically different between patients and controls. miR-375-3p was highly expressed, being highest in patients with teratoma (p=0.012) but the levels of expression in serum from these patients and healthy controls overlapped. miR-371a-3p was not expressed in serum from patients with pure teratoma, only in patients with mixed tumours. Conclusion: The microRNA profiles of the teratoma subtype of TGCT and embryoid bodies were obtained and assessed for candidate circulating biomarkers, but none with high sensitivity and specificity for teratoma were identified in our study. We conclude that neither the proposed teratoma marker miR-375-3p nor miR-371a-3p are suitable as circulating teratoma markers.publishedVersio

Dynamics of phytoplankton species composition, biomass and nutrients in the North Atlantic during spring and summer - A trans-Atlantic study

During a return trip in May–June 2013 from Bergen, Norway, to Nuuk, Greenland, on the Institute of Marine Research's R/V “G. O. Sars”, four ocean basins, the Norwegian, Iceland, Irminger and Labrador seas, were surveyed twice. Here we analyse the phytoplankton communities and their dynamics in the four basins, winter nutrient content, potential for new production, consumption of nutrients, phenology and algae biomass (Chlorophyll a). The primary production dynamics of the four basins are compared and related to physical forcing and top-down control and discussed in relation to vertical carbon flux. We focus on the primary production dynamics in the central, mostly Atlantic, water masses of the basin-wide gyres. The survey results are put into a larger scale context by comparison with MODIS surface chlorophyll estimates. The timing of the phytoplankton bloom phase differed among the basins. In the Labrador Sea, there was a strong bloom already occurring during the first crossing in mid-May. This was confirmed by nitrate and silicate reduction, which was much larger in the Labrador Sea compared to the other seas in May. In the Irminger Sea the bloom lagged behind, whereas in the Norwegian and Iceland seas both a pre-bloom and a late bloom were observed during May–June. There was a direct relationship between the mixed layer depth and the use of nitrate at the sampling stations, and a direct relationship between chlorophyll concentrations and the use of nitrate. The two relationships suggest that the use of nitrate can serve as a measure of the developmental state of the phytoplankton bloom, phenology, and that it is related to the shallowing of the mixed layer. Flagellates were the most abundant algae in all regions, outnumbered by diatoms only at a couple of stations west of Greenland. Elevated ciliate numbers were observed in the Iceland and Norwegian seas on both sides of the Arctic front. The algae outnumbered the microzooplankton by at least an order of magnitude.publishedVersio

Bridging the Silos: A Comparative Analysis of Implementation Science and Improvement Science

Background Implementation science and improvement science have similar goals of improving health care services for better patient and population outcomes, yet historically there has been limited exchange between the two fields. Implementation science was born out of the recognition that research findings and effective practices should be more systematically disseminated and applied in various settings to achieve improved health and welfare of populations. Improvement science has grown out of the wider quality improvement movement, but a fundamental difference between quality improvement and improvement science is that the former generates knowledge for local improvement, whereas the latter is aimed at producing generalizable scientific knowledge. Objectives The first objective of this paper is to characterise and contrast implementation science and improvement science. The second objective, building on the first, is to highlight aspects of improvement science that potentially could inform implementation science and vice versa. Methods We used a critical literature review approach. Search methods included systematic literature searches in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO until October 2021; reviewing references in identified articles and books; and the authors' own cross-disciplinary knowledge of key literature. Findings The comparative analysis of the fields of implementation science and improvement science centred on six categories: (1) influences; (2) ontology, epistemology and methodology; (3) identified problem; (4) potential solutions; (5) analytical tools; and (6) knowledge production and use. The two fields have different origins and draw mostly on different sources of knowledge, but they have a shared goal of using scientific methods to understand and explain how health care services can be improved for their users. Both describe problems in terms of a gap or chasm between current and optimal care delivery and consider similar strategies to address the problems. Both apply a range of analytical tools to analyse problems and facilitate appropriate solutions. Conclusions Implementation science and improvement science have similar endpoints but different starting points and academic perspectives. To bridge the silos between the fields, increased collaboration between implementation and improvement scholars will help to clarify the differences and connections between the science and practice of improvement, to expand scientific application of quality improvement tools, to further address contextual influences on implementation and improvement efforts, and to share and use theory to support strategy development, delivery and evaluation

High expression of ZNF703 independent of amplification indicates worse prognosis in patients with luminal B breast cancer

Peer reviewe

Tuning skyrmions in B20 compounds by 4d and 5d doping

Skyrmion stabilization in novel magnetic systems with the B20 crystal structure is reported here, primarily based on theoretical results. The focus is on the effect of alloying on the 3d sublattice of the B20 structure by substitution of heavier 4d and 5d elements, with the ambition to tune the spin-orbit coupling and its influence on magnetic interactions. State-of-the-art methods based on density functional theory are used to calculate both isotropic and anisotropic exchange interactions. Significant enhancement of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is reported for 5d-doped FeSi and CoSi, accompanied by a large modification of the spin stiffness and spiralization. Micromagnetic simulations coupled to atomistic spin-dynamics and ab initio magnetic interactions reveal a helical ground state and field-induced skyrmions for all these systems. Especially small skyrmions $\sim$50 nm are predicted for Co$_{0.75}$Os$_{0.25}$Si, compared to $\sim$148 nm for Fe$_{0.75}$Co$_{0.25}$Si. Convex-hull analysis suggests that all B20 compounds considered here are structurally stable at elevated temperatures and should be possible to synthesize. This prediction is confirmed experimentally by synthesis and structural analysis of the Ru-doped CoSi systems discussed here, both in powder and in single-crystal forms.Comment: 18 pages, 21 figures, 9 table