Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the SLEEP-50 Questionnaire in Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) and Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

The study objective was to perform a confirmatory factor analysis of the SLEEP-50 Questionnaire (SLEEP-50) in Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) and Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder and compare sleep complaints in adults with Trichotillomania, Excoriation Disorder and non-affected controls. Participants were 234 adults with Trichotillomania, 170 with Excoriation Disorder, and 146 non-affected controls. Participants rated sleep using the SLEEP-50 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess fit of the originally-proposed SLEEP-50 factors within Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder. Findings revealed acceptable to good fit of the original factors. Internal consistency was excellent in Trichotillomania and good in Excoriation Disorder for the total score and poor to good for subscales. Convergent validity was strong for the total and weak to strong for subscales in both groups. Findings suggest greater sleep complaints in Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder than in the general population. Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder groups reported greater rates of sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder, circadian rhythms sleep disorder, and sleep-related affective disorder relative to controls. There were no significant differences for insomnia, sleep state misperception, sleepwalking, nightmares, or hypersomnia. Results underscore the importance of clinical assessment of sleep disorders in Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder

Walking along chromosomes with super-resolution imaging, contact maps, and integrative modeling

Chromosome organization is crucial for genome function. Here, we present a method for visualizing chromosomal DNA at super-resolution and then integrating Hi-C data to produce three-dimensional models of chromosome organization. Using the super-resolution microscopy methods of OligoSTORM and OligoDNA-PAINT, we trace 8 megabases of human chromosome 19, visualizing structures ranging in size from a few kilobases to over a megabase. Focusing on chromosomal regions that contribute to compartments, we discover distinct structures that, in spite of considerable variability, can predict whether such regions correspond to active (A-type) or inactive (B-type) compartments. Imaging through the depths of entire nuclei, we capture pairs of homologous regions in diploid cells, obtaining evidence that maternal and paternal homologous regions can be differentially organized. Finally, using restraint-based modeling to integrate imaging and Hi-C data, we implement a method-integrative modeling of genomic regions (IMGR)-to increase the genomic resolution of our traces to 10 kb.This work was supported by funds from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (http://www.ciencia.gob.es/) (IJCI-2015-23352) to IF, Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (https://www.damonrunyon.org/) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (https://www.hhmi.org/) to BJB, Uehara Memorial Foundation Research (https://www.taisho-holdings.co.jp/en/environment/social/sciences/) to HMS, William Randolph Hearst Foundation (https://www.hearstfdn.org/) to RBM, EMBO (Long-Term fellowship) (https://www.embo.org/) to JE, NSF (Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University) (https://www.nsf.gov/) to MDP and JNO, NSF (CCF-1054898, CCF-1317291) (https://www.nsf.gov/), NIH (1R01EB018659-01, 1-U01- MH106011-01) (https://www.nih.gov/), and Office of Naval Research (N00014-13-1-0593, N00014-14-1-0610, N00014-16-1-2182, N00014-16-1- 2410) (https://www.onr.navy.mil/) to PY, NIH (1DP2OD008540, U01HL130010, UM1HG009375, 4DP2OD008540) (https://www.nih.gov/), NSF (PHY-1427654) (https://www.nsf.gov/), USDA (2017-05741) (https://www.usda.gov/), Welch Foundation (Q-1866) (http://www.welch1.org/), NVIDIA (https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/), IBM (https://www.ibm.com/us-en/?lnk=m), Google (https://www.google.com/), Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (R1304) (http://www.cprit.state.tx.us/), and McNair Medical Institute (http://www.mcnairfoundation.org/what-we-fund/mcnair-medical-institute/) to E.L.A., Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (676556) (https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/), European Research Council (609989) (https://erc.europa.eu/), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (BFU2017-85926-P) (http://www.ciencia.gob.es/), CERCA, and AGAUR Programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya and Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (SEV-2012-0208) (http://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.7eeac5cd345b4f34f09dfd1001432ea0/?vgnextoid=cba733a6368c2310VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD) to M.A.M-R., and NIH (5DP1GM106412, R01HD091797, R01GM123289) (https://www.nih.gov/) to C-tW. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Effects on varietal aromas during wine making: a review of the impact of varietal aromas on the flavor of wine

Although there are many chemical compounds present in wines, only a few of these compounds contribute to the sensory perception of wine flavor. This review focuses on the knowledge regarding varietal aroma compounds, which are among the compounds that are the greatest contributors to the overall aroma. These aroma compounds are found in grapes in the form of nonodorant precursors that, due to the metabolic activity of yeasts during fermentation, are transformed to aromas that are of great relevance in the sensory perception of wines. Due to the multiple interactions of varietal aromas with other types of aromas and other nonodorant components of the complex wine matrix, knowledge regarding the varietal aroma composition alone cannot adequately explain the contribution of these compounds to the overall wine flavor. These interactions and the associated effects on aroma volatility are currently being investigated. This review also provides an overview of recent developments in analytical techniques for varietal aroma identification, including methods used to identify the precursor compounds of varietal aromas, which are the greatest contributors to the overall aroma after the aforementioned yeast-mediated odor release