Challenges for policy mix in the context

The aim of this article is to present the essence of policy mix and the extraordinary actions undertaken by the monetary and fiscal authorities in Poland in response to the recent financial crisis. In the article, the hypothesis has been put forward that the challenges faced by monetary and fiscal authorities have contributed to carrying out coordinated actions, especially in support of economic growth during the recent financial crisis. As a result, in Poland during the last financial crisis, it seemed to observe greater cooperation between monetary and fiscal authorities

Intimate relations between electronic nematic, d-density wave and d-wave superconducting states

This paper consists of two important theoretical observations on the interplay between l = 2 condensates; d-density wave (ddw), electronic nematic and d-wave superconducting states. (1) There is SO(4) invariance at a transition between the nematic and d-wave superconducting states. The nematic and d-wave pairing operators can be rotated into each other by pseudospin SU(2) generators, which are s-wave pairing and electron density operators. The difference between the current work and the previous O(4) symmetry at a transition between the ddw and d-wave superconducting states (Nayak 2000 Phys. Rev. B 62 R6135) is presented. (2) The nematic and ddw operators transform into each other under a unitary transformation. Thus, when a Hamiltonian is invariant under such a transformation, the two states are exactly degenerate. The competition between the nematic and ddw states in the presence of a degeneracy breaking term is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figures, updated to the published versio

POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION FOR INTERNAL AUDITORS VERSUS EMPLOYERS’ EXPECTATIONS

The article analyses the content and structure of postgraduate courses in internal auditing to compare them with Polish employers’ expectations about internal auditors’ competencies. It was prepared based on a review of the literature and analysis of 43 online job ads for internal auditors and 19 postgraduate internal auditing courses available from 17 higher schools in Poland. The comparative analysis of postgraduate courses for internal auditors and employers’ expectations regarding the professionals’ characteristics revealed the weaknesses of the former and their limited ability to provide public and private organizations with the right types of specialists. Educational institutions were found to underestimate the importance of internal auditors’ soft skills.The article analyses the content and structure of postgraduate courses in internal auditing to compare them with Polish employers’ expectations about internal auditors’ competencies. It was prepared based on a review of the literature and analysis of 43 online job ads for internal auditors and 19 postgraduate internal auditing courses available from 17 higher schools in Poland. The comparative analysis of postgraduate courses for internal auditors and employers’ expectations regarding the professionals’ characteristics revealed the weaknesses of the former and their limited ability to provide public and private organizations with the right types of specialists. Educational institutions were found to underestimate the importance of internal auditors’ soft skills

Dwarfism in ancient times: from worship to rejection

The objective of this paper is to outline some aspects of dwarfism in the Antiquity. The author focuses in particular on Ancient Egypt where one of the most prominent of gods – Bes – suffered from dwarfism. It was believed that little people were somehow connected to other Egyptians gods, which is why they were treated with respect and dignity. Different attitude towards little people can be seen in AncientIsrael where they were excluded from the society, as disability at the time was considered as a punishment from God. The paper also covers Ancient Greece. Aristotle was the first scholar to describe dwarfism. He noted in particular the intelligence of the little people, which according to him was not developed particularly well, compared to the rest of the society.The objective of this paper is to outline some aspects of dwarfism in the Antiquity. The author focuses in particular on Ancient Egypt where one of the most prominent of gods – Bes – suffered from dwarfism. It was believed that little people were somehow connected to other Egyptians gods, which is why they were treated with respect and dignity. Different attitude towards little people can be seen in AncientIsrael where they were excluded from the society, as disability at the time was considered as a punishment from God. The paper also covers Ancient Greece. Aristotle was the first scholar to describe dwarfism. He noted in particular the intelligence of the little people, which according to him was not developed particularly well, compared to the rest of the society