El tratado de paz con Inglaterra de 1713: orígenes y culminación del desmembramiento de la monarquía española

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Historia Moderna. Fecha de lectura: 26-06-0

A new adenovector system for implementing thymulin gene therapy for inflammatory disorders

Thymulin is a thymic peptide possessing anti-inflammatory effects. In order to manipulate thymulin expression in gene therapy studies, we built a bidirectional regulatable two-vector Tet-Off system and the corresponding control system. The experimental two-vector system, ETV, consists of a recombinant adenovector (RAd) harboring an expression cassette centered on a Tet-Off bidirectional promoter flanked by a synthetic gene for thymulin and the gene for humanized Green Fluorescent Protein (hGFP). The second adenovector of this system, RAd-tTA, constitutively expresses the regulatory protein tTA. When cells are co-transduced by the two adenovector components, tTA activates the bidirectional promoter and both transgenes are expressed. In the presence of the antibiotic doxycycline (DOX) transgene expression is deactivated. The control two-vector system, termed CTV, is similar to ETV but only expresses hGFP. In CHO-K1, BHK, and C2C12 cells, ETV and CTV induced a dose-dependent hGFP expression. In CHO-K1 cells, transgene expression was almost completely inhibited by DOX (1 mg/ml). After intracerebroventricular injection of ETV in rats, thymulin levels increased significantly in the cerebrospinal fluid and there was high hGFP expression in the ependymal cell layer. When injected intramuscularly the ETV system induced a progressive increase in serum thymulin levels, which were inhibited when DOX was added to the drinking water. We conclude that our regulatable two-adenovector system is an effective molecular tool for implementing short and long-term anti-inflammatory thymulin gene therapy in animal models of acute or chronic inflammation.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Actividades colaborativas en el aprendizaje de marcadores discursivos en estudiantes universitarios

The objective of this research work is to analyze the influence of collaborative activities on the learning of discourse markers in the students of the Language Comprehension and Production from a private university in Lima. It is an applied research with a quasi-experimental design, composed of experimental and control. For the collection of data, the Test on discourse markers was used. Likewise, a pretest measurement was carried out successively, and once the results were obtained, the workshop on collaborative activities, composed of 7 sessions, was conducted in the experimental group to then carry out the posttest measurements in both groups. The hypothesis testing was made with the Mann Whitney U test. The results showed that there was significant influence of the collaborative work on the learning of the discourse markers in the students that are object of study.El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la influencia de las actividades colaborativas en el aprendizaje de los marcadores discursivos en los estudiantes del curso Comprensión y Producción de Lenguaje de una universidad privada de Lima. Es una investigación aplicada con un diseño cuasi experimental, conformándose los grupos, experimental y control. Para la recolección de datos, se empleó la Prueba sobre marcadores discursivos. Asimismo, se efectuó sucesivamente una medición pre test, y obtenidos los resultados,  se aplicó el taller sobre actividades colaborativas, compuesto por 7 sesiones, en el grupo experimental, para luego efectuar las mediciones post test, en ambos grupos. La contrastación de hipótesis se efectuó con la prueba U de Mann Whitney. Los resultados mostraron que hubo influencia significativa del trabajo colaborativo sobre el aprendizaje de los marcadores discursivos en los estudiantes objeto de estudio

The transport of agrarian products by railway in Spain (1941-1959): a trial of management autarkic

La economía española entre 1939 y 1959 estuvo caracterizada por la puesta en marcha de políticas autárquicas que incidieron especialmente en el desarrollo del tejido industrial. En este marco, los ferrocarriles de vía ancha fueron nacionalizados en 1941 e integrados en una nueva compañía, la Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (RENFE). Una de las ingentes tareas que debería asumir la nueva empresa nacionalizada era la gestión y control de los transportes de productos agrarios estratégicos, como los cereales, la remolacha azucarera, el aceite o la naranja, entre otros. Sin embargo, para ese fin se creó un organismo supervisor, la Delegación del Gobierno para la Ordenación del Transporte (DGOT), que se hizo depender directamente de Franco y tuvo una gestión claramente militarizadaThe Spanish economy between 1939 and 1959 was characterized by the implementation of autarkic policies that affected especially in the development of the industrial network. In this context, the broad gauge railways were nationalized in 1941 and integrated into a new company, the National Network of Spanish Railways (RENFE). One of the daunting tasks that should take the new company was nationalized management and control of strategic transport agricultural products such as cereals, sugar beet, oil or orange, among others. However, for this purpose was created a supervisory authority, the Government Office for the Management of Transportation (DGOT), which became directly dependent Franco and had a clearly militarized management

Impacto de la ingesta de proteínas post-entrenamiento en la composición corporal y en la condición física muscular de patinadores jóvenes competitivos: un estudio piloto

INTRODUCCIÓN: A pesar de que el efecto de la suplementación proteica en la composición corporal ha sido muy estudiado en sujetos que practican deportes de fuerza, la investigación en deportistas que siguen un entrenamiento de tipo concurrente es mucho menor, en especial si hablamos de una población adolescente. Es por ello que se diseñó un estudio piloto en el que el principal objetivo fue valorar los efectos de la suplementación con proteína láctea en la composición corporal y en la condición física muscular de jóvenes competidores de patinaje en línea, deporte en el que la distribución compartimental del peso, es clave para el correcto desarrollo del rendimiento y de su salud.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Un total de siete patinadores fueron reclutados para seguir un programa de entrenamiento concurrente y de suplementación de dos fases (control e intervención) con una duración total de 10 semanas. Se realizaron mediciones de la composición corporal a través de impedancia bioeléctrica, de parámetros de rendimiento a través del squat jump test y de la ingesta dietética mediante un registro de pesado de alimentos.RESULTADOS: Durante la fase de intervención, en los participantes disminuyó la masa grasa y aumentó la masa muscular, ambas de manera significativa. Se observó una tendencia a la reducción de la ingesta de hidratos de carbono y grasa durante el periodo de intervención, sin llegar a la significación estadística. En relación a la condición física muscular, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre valoraciones ni en los porcentajes de cambio entre fases.CONCLUSIONES: La suplementación con proteínas puede jugar un papel importante en la ingesta dietética general y ser una estrategia eficaz para mejorar la composición corporal en jóvenes deportistas de competición, sin implicar de manera directa una mejora en rendimiento muscular.<br /

Incidence of oral health in paediatric patients with disabilities: sensory disorders and autism spectrum disorder. Systematic review II

Introduction: We are currently witnessing an increase in the number of disabled patients, creating the need for knowledge of each of the pathologies and of the different oral and dental conditions they present, in order to achieve efficient management and treatment. Objectives: To analyse the existing scientific literature on the oral conditions of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with sensory deficits (SD), in comparison with the healthy child population. Material and Method: The bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed/Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Library and included articles taking a sample of children between 0 and 18 years of age diagnosed with the abovementioned disorders and including at least one of the following oral hygiene conditions - oral hygiene, dental caries, malocclusion, oral habits, dental trauma, and gingival-periodontal status - comparing them with a healthy population. Results: A total of 10 articles were obtained for autism spectrum disorder and six for sensory deficits. Conclusions: Of all the variables studied, only the state of oral, gingival and/or periodontal hygiene can be considered worse in patients with ASD and SD, although we believe a larger number of research studies is needed to corroborate these results

Oral health in children with physical (Cerebral Palsy) and intellectual (Down Syndrome) disabilities: systematic review I

Introduction: Traditionally, patients with physical and/or intellectual disabilities presented greater oral pathology, owing to their condition and to other external factors. Improved social and health conditions make it necessary to update knowledge on their oral and dental health. Material and Methods: For this purpose, a bibliographic review was done regarding the state of oral health of children with these two types of disability, in comparison with a control group. Some of the guidelines of the PRISMA statement were taken into account. The ranking of the articles found is based on the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The final number of articles evaluated was 14. Parameters such as dental caries, oral hygiene, gingival health, dental traumas, malocclusion and habits were considered. Results: There is no consensus among authors regarding dental caries, oral hygiene and gingival health. The different results obtained are due in part to the fact that the methodologies used were not the same. However, it has been noted that, when studying other parameters and regardless of the methodology employed, the results obtained are similar. Conclusions: Children with physical and intellectual disabilities constitute a group that needs early and regular dental care in order to prevent and limit the severity of the pathologies observed

IMeCA Meeting, Workshops, and Continuing Capacity Building

In the last few years, groups in Peru, Brazil, Nicaragua and Haiti, have led the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region in working with open source health information technology solutions in extremely resource-limited settings to improve patient care, human resource management, and local public health research capacity. The project aimed to assess and organize the specific needs of LAC countries in order to advance an eHealth strategy, and to generate findings about the current situation while strengthening collaboration with related organizations. Recommendations are made for a national strategy that takes into account how human resources, infrastructure, and each country’s laws interact

β-Thalassaemia Major in a Spanish Patient due to a Compound Heterozygosity for CD39 C → T/−28 A → C

A Spanish male patient with β-thalassaemia major was studied. Compound heterozygosity was found for one of the most common β-globin gene mutations in the Spanish population (codon 39 C → T) and for a mutation in the TATA box element of the β-globin gene promoter (−28 A → C mutation). To our knowledge this is the first report of a CD39 C → T and −28 A → C change association and the first report of the −28 A → C substitution in a Spanish patient

El sentido físico de los parámetros en la modelización numérica del drenaje urbano

[ES] En el presente artículo se analizan dos filosofías de modelización de los procesos vinculados al drenaje urbano, y se distingue entre dos tipos: aquéllos que se pueden calificar como “conceptuales”, y los que carecen de una base teórica tradicional o “no conceptuales”, ejemplo de los cuales pueden ser los basados en redes de neuronas artificiales. Dentro de los modelos conceptuales se analizan los procesos de discretización y calibración y se presentan resultados de un estudio concreto. Uno de los objetivos es demostrar que al decidir cuáles son los parámetros a calibrar y dar valores a los considerados como fijos, estamos asignando responsabilidades a una serie de parámetros variables a la hora de reproducir la respuesta (caudal) ante una excitación (precipitación), y esto se ve reflejado en que el mejor ajuste puede llevar a posibles valores “irregulares” de los parámetros calibrados. Se plantea si importa realmente este hecho, al considerar como fin último del modelo su poder de predicción ante excitaciones diferentes a las del proceso de calibración. El sentido físico “teórico” de los parámetros se relega a un segundo plano frente a su sentido “real” dentro de un modelo y simulación determinados. ¿Nos encontramos en un punto de inflexión en la evolución de la modelización, en el que la base conceptual cede su protagonismo a la evidencia de los datos reales?.Puertas Agudo, J.; Suárez López, J.; Cagiao Villar, J. (2002). El sentido físico de los parámetros en la modelización numérica del drenaje urbano. Ingeniería del Agua. 9(3):269-278. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2002.2618SWORD26927893ASAAD Y. SHAMSELDIN (1997). Application of a neural network technique to rainfall-runoff modelling. Journal of Hydrology vol.199, 272-294. ISBN:0022-1694.ASHLEY R.M., HVITVED-JACOBSEN T. and BERTRAND-KRAJEWSKI J-L. (1998). Quo Vadis Sewer Process Modelling?. UDM'98 Fourth International Conference on Developments in Urban Drainage Modelling, 21-24 September 1998 London, UK, vol 1 35-50. Sponsors: IAWQ, IAHR, Joint IAHR/IAWQ and Unesco.HUBER W.C. and DICKINSON R.E. (1992). Storm Water Management Model, user ́s manual, version 4. U.S. Envir.Protection Agency, Athens, Ga.MCKAY M.D. (1988). Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis Using a Statistical Sample of Input Values. Uncertainty Analysis, Y. Ronen, ed., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 145-186.NINGG., DENOUX T. and BERTRAND-KRAJEWSKI J-L. (1996). Neural Networks for Solid Transport Modelling in Sewer Systems during Storm Events.Wat.Sci.Tech. vol.33 nº9, pags.85-92. ISBN:0273-1223.NIX S.J. (1994). Urban Stormwater Modeling and Simulation. Lewis Publishers, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.ROESNER L.A., ALDRICH J.A. and DICKINSON R.E. (1992). Storm Water Management Model, user ́s manual, version 4, EXTRAN addendum. U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Athens, Ga.SHAMSELDIN, A.Y., (1997), Application of a neural network technique to rainfall-runoff modelling, Journal of Hydrology, 199, 272-294.SOROOSHIAN S. and GUPTA V.K. (1995). Model Calibration. Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, Vijay P. Singh ed., Water Resources Publications, Baton Rouge, LA, 23-68.VIESSMAN, W; LEWIS, G; KNAPP, J (1989). Introduction to Hydrology, Harper Collin