Casablanca; rehabilitació d'una de les icones del Delta de l'Ebre

Aquest projecte final de grau conté una proposta d’intervenció en una Masia que data del 1886, situada en la població de Sant Carles de la Ràpita, dintre del Parc Natural del Delta de l’Ebre. L’objectiu és rehabilitar l’edifici adaptant-lo a la normativa actual d’habitabilitat i intervenir en les tres granges adjacents a la Masia per fer-ne en el seu lloc un Restaurant – Bar. El document es divideix en tres blocs principals, la diagnosi de l’estat dels edificis, la proposta d’intervenció i l’obra nova adjacent a la Masia. En la diagnosi s’exposa l’estat en el que es troben els edificis, determinat a partir de la realització d’inspeccions visuals, peritatge estructural i la utilització d’eines de diagnosi. En segon lloc, es proposa una intervenció que adapta l’edifici a les necessitats pròpies d’una casa rural, partint d’una nova distribució, introducció d’energies renovables i la reutilització de materials ja existents en l’edifici. Per últim, es procedirà a l’enderroc de les granges per donar lloc a la construcció del Restaurant – Bar que pugui completar les necessitats de la Masia com a un allotjament rural. Per a la seva construcció s’ha tingut en compte la realització d’una edificació sostenible a partir de la utilització de panells de fusta contralaminada KLH en tota la seva estructura. Com a resultat de la intervenció s’obté un complex de caràcter rural i turístic, que dóna servei a l’alt índex de visites que rep el Parc Natural del Delta de l’Ebre, i intentant en tot moment la creació d’un espai respectuós amb el medi ambient

Evolución de la epidemia de la infección por el VIH pediátrico en España, a partir de los datos de la cohorte de la red española de VIH en pediatría (CoRISpe)

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina preventiva, salud pública y microbiología. Fecha de lectura: 23-01-2020Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 23-07-202

La repercussió de l'onada de calor de 2003 en la població major de 65 anys de Barcelona i l'àrea metropolitana

Les onades de calor eren un fenomen desconegut per la població fins fa pocs anys, i tot i que avui dia ja son més populars, les seves conseqüències passen molt més desapercebudes que la d'altres catàstrofes naturals. En aquest estudi, a partir de l'episodi que va patir la península durant l'agost de 2003, es pretén aprofundir en els factors que van fer propiciar que la mortalitat entre les persones majors de 65 anys augmentés de manera notable en comparació amb anys anteriors. Els resultats de l'estudi mostren que un dels grups més vulnerables son les persones grans que viuen soles i per tant caldria tenir en compte aquest factor a l'hora de fer plans d'acció, així com també que els pics de màxima mortalitat es corresponen amb dies posteriors als de la pujada de temperatura, ja que aquesta agreuja patologies prèvies de les persones i moren temps després. També seria interessant un consens internacional a l'hora d'establir uns criteris estàndards per tal de tenir així uns registres més fiables que permetin extreure noves mesures per lluitar contra les onades de calor.Las olas de calor eran un fenómeno desconocido para la población hasta hace pocos años, y a pesar de que hoy en día ya son más populares, sus efectos pasan desapercibidos en comparación con los producidos por otras catástrofes naturales. En este estudio, a partir del episodio que azotó la península en agosto de 2003, se pretende profundizar en los factores que propiciaron que la mortalidad entre personas mayores de 65 años aumentase de manera notable en comparación con años anteriores. Los resultados del estudio muestran que uno de los grupos más vulnerables son las personas mayores que viven solas i por lo tanto sería necesario tener en cuenta este factor a la hora de establecer planes de acción, así como también que los picos de máxima mortalidad se corresponden con días posteriores a los de la subida de temperaturas, ya que esta agrava patologías previas de las personas que mueren días después. También sería interesante un consenso internacional para establecer unos criterios estándares y tener así registros más fiables que permitan extraer nuevas medidas para luchar contra las olas de calor.Heat waves were an unknown phenomenon to the public until recent years, although today they are more popular, its effects go unnoticed in comparison with those produced by other natural disasters. This study comes from the episode suffered in Spain during August 2003, in it we analyze the factors that made death rates increase between people over 65 years compared to previous years. The results show that one of the most vulnerable are the elderly who live alone, therefore it would be necessary to consider this factor when developing action plans, as well as the highest mortality peaks correspond with days after to the rise of temperatures, as this exacerbates previous pathologies of people who die days later. It would also be interesting to get an international consensus to establish criteria and standards which give more reliable registers that allow extracting new measures to combat heat waves

Columna estratigráfica del yacimiento de icnitas de dinosaurios del Cretácico Inferior de Cornago (La Rioja)

RESUMEN: Se describe y analiza la estratigrafía del yacimiento de icnitas de dinosauiros del Cretácico Inferior de Cornago, obteniéndose algunas conclusiones paleoecológicas

Peripheral Inflammation Enhances Microglia Response and Nigral Dopaminergic Cell Death in an in vivo MPTP Model of Parkinson’s Disease

The impact of systemic inflammation in nigral dopaminergic cell loss remains unclear. Here, we have investigated the role of peripheral inflammation induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in the MPTP-based model of Parkinson’s disease. Brain inflammation, microglia and astroglia activation, disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and integrity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system were evaluated in response to i.p. injection of LPS, MPTP or the combination of both. Our results showed that combinative treatment exacerbates microglia activation and enhances (i) the appearance of galectin-3-positive microglia, recently identified as microglial disease-associated phenotypic marker, (ii) the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, (iii) the occurrence of A1 neurotoxic astrocytes, (iv) the breakdown of the BBB, and (v) the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Microglia activation was triggered earlier than other degenerative events, suggesting that over-activation of microglia (including different polarization states) may induce dopaminergic neuron loss by itself, initiating the endless cycle of inflammation/degeneration. Our study revitalizes the importance of peripheral inflammation as a potential risk factor for Parkinson’s disease and raises the possibility of using new anti-inflammatory therapies to improve the course of neurodegenerative diseases, including those directly aimed at modulating the deleterious activity of disease-associated microglia.España MINECO y FEDER SAF2015-64171-

Soil Water Dynamics in a Rainfed Mediterranean Agricultural System

[EN] Rainfed Mediterranean agriculture is characterized by low water input and by soil water content below its field capacity during most of the year. However, erratic rainfall distribution can lead to deep drainage. The understanding of soil-water dynamics is essential to prevent collateral impacts in subsuperficial waters by leached pollutants and to implement suitable soil management (e.g., agronomic measures to avoid nitrate leaching). Soil water dynamics during two fallow years and three barley crop seasons was evaluated using the Leaching estimation and chemistry model in a semiarid Mediterranean agricultural system. Model calibration was carried out using soil moisture data from disturbed soil samples and from capacitance probes installed at three depths. Drainage of water from the plots occurred in the fall and winter periods. The yearly low drainage values obtained (<15 mm) indicate that the estimated annual nitrate leaching is also small, regardless of the nature of the fertilizer applied (slurries or minerals). In fallow periods, there is a water recharge in the soil, which does not occur under barley cropping. However, annual fallow included in a winter cereal rotation, high nitrate residual soil concentrations (similar to 80 mg NO3--N L-1) and a period with substantial autumn-winter rains (70-90 mm) can enhance nitrate leaching, despite the semiarid climate.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Spanish National Institute for Agricultural Research and Experimentation (MINECO-INIA) through the projects [RTA2013-57-C5-5] and [RTA2017-88-C3-3]. The PhD studies of D.E. Jimenez-de-Santiago were funded by the JADE-Plus scholarship from Bank of Santander-University of Lleida.Jimenez-De-Santiago, DE.; Lidón, A.; Bosch-Serra, AD. (2019). Soil Water Dynamics in a Rainfed Mediterranean Agricultural System. Water. 11(4):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040799S121114Sordo-Ward, A., Granados, I., Iglesias, A., & Garrote, L. (2019). Blue Water in Europe: Estimates of Current and Future Availability and Analysis of Uncertainty. Water, 11(3), 420. doi:10.3390/w11030420Rockström, J., Karlberg, L., Wani, S. P., Barron, J., Hatibu, N., Oweis, T., … Qiang, Z. (2010). Managing water in rainfed agriculture—The need for a paradigm shift. Agricultural Water Management, 97(4), 543-550. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2009.09.009Moret, D., Arrúe, J. L., López, M. V., & Gracia, R. (2007). Winter barley performance under different cropping and tillage systems in semiarid Aragon (NE Spain). European Journal of Agronomy, 26(1), 54-63. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2006.08.007Robinson, D. A., Campbell, C. S., Hopmans, J. W., Hornbuckle, B. K., Jones, S. B., Knight, R., … Wendroth, O. (2008). Soil Moisture Measurement for Ecological and Hydrological Watershed-Scale Observatories: A Review. Vadose Zone Journal, 7(1), 358-389. doi:10.2136/vzj2007.0143Czarnomski, N. M., Moore, G. W., Pypker, T. G., Licata, J., & Bond, B. J. (2005). Precision and accuracy of three alternative instruments for measuring soil water content in two forest soils of the Pacific Northwest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35(8), 1867-1876. doi:10.1139/x05-121Lidón, A., Ramos, C., & Rodrigo, A. (1999). Comparison of drainage estimation methods in irrigated citrus orchards. Irrigation Science, 19(1), 25-36. doi:10.1007/s002710050068Jakubínský, J., Pechanec, V., Procházka, J., & Cudlín, P. (2019). Modelling of Soil Erosion and Accumulation in an Agricultural Landscape—A Comparison of Selected Approaches Applied at the Small Stream Basin Level in the Czech Republic. Water, 11(3), 404. doi:10.3390/w11030404Marinov, I., & Marinov, A. M. (2014). A Coupled Mathematical Model to Predict the Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop, Soil and Groundwater Quality. Water Resources Management, 28(15), 5231-5246. doi:10.1007/s11269-014-0664-5Porter, J. R. (1993). AFRCWHEAT2: A model of the growth and development of wheat incorporating responses to water and nitrogen. European Journal of Agronomy, 2(2), 69-82. doi:10.1016/s1161-0301(14)80136-6ADDISCOTT, T. M., & WAGENET, R. J. (1985). Concepts of solute leaching in soils: a review of modelling approaches. Journal of Soil Science, 36(3), 411-424. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1985.tb00347.xBastiaanssen, W. G. M., Allen, R. G., Droogers, P., D’Urso, G., & Steduto, P. (2007). Twenty-five years modeling irrigated and drained soils: State of the art. Agricultural Water Management, 92(3), 111-125. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2007.05.013GREENWOOD, D. J., ZHANG, K., HILTON, H. W., & THOMPSON, A. J. (2009). Opportunities for improving irrigation efficiency with quantitative models, soil water sensors and wireless technology. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 148(1), 1-16. doi:10.1017/s0021859609990487Hutson, J. L., & Wagenet, R. J. (1991). Simulating nitrogen dynamics in soils using a deterministic model. Soil Use and Management, 7(2), 74-78. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1991.tb00853.xRamos, C., & Carbonell, E. A. (1991). Nitrate leaching and soil moisture prediction with the LEACHM model. Fertilizer Research, 27(2-3), 171-180. doi:10.1007/bf01051125Lidón, A., Ramos, C., Ginestar, D., & Contreras, W. (2013). Assessment of LEACHN and a simple compartmental model to simulate nitrogen dynamics in citrus orchards. Agricultural Water Management, 121, 42-53. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2013.01.008Smith, W. N., Reynolds, W. D., Jong, R., Clemente, R. S., & Topp, E. (1995). Water Flow through Intact Soil Columns: Measurement and Simulation Using LEACHM. Journal of Environmental Quality, 24(5), 874-881. doi:10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400050013xAkinremi, O. O., Jame, Y. W., Campbell, C. A., Zentner, R. P., Chang, C., & de Jong, R. (2005). Evaluation of LEACHMN under dryland conditions. I. Simulation of water and solute transport. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 85(2), 223-232. doi:10.4141/s03-076Plaza-Bonilla, D., Álvaro-Fuentes, J., Hansen, N. C., Lampurlanés, J., & Cantero-Martínez, C. (2013). Winter cereal root growth and aboveground–belowground biomass ratios as affected by site and tillage system in dryland Mediterranean conditions. Plant and Soil, 374(1-2), 925-939. doi:10.1007/s11104-013-1926-3WALKLEY, A., & BLACK, I. A. (1934). AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEGTJAREFF METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AND A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF THE CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD. Soil Science, 37(1), 29-38. doi:10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003Topp, G. C., Davis, J. L., & Annan, A. P. (1980). 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Effect of gingival application of melatonin on alkaline and acid phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin in patients with diabetes and periodontal disease

Objectives: To assess the effect of topical application of melatonin to the gingiva on salivary fluid concentrations of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. Study Design: Cross-sectional study of 30 patients with diabetes and periodontal disease and 30 healthy subjects. Diabetic patients were treated with topical application of melatonin (1% orabase cream formula) once daily for 20 days and controls with a placebo formulation. Results: Before treatment with melatonin, diabetic patients showed significantly higher mean salivary levels of alkaline and acid phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin than healthy subjects (P < 0.01). After treatment with melatonin, there was a statistically significant decrease of the gingival index (15.84± 10.3 vs 5.6 ± 5.1) and pocket depth (28.3 ± 19.5 vs 11.9 ± 9.0) (P < 0.001). Also, use of melatonin was associated with a significant reduction of the four biomarkers. Changes of salivary acid phosphatase and osteopontin correlated significantly with changes in the gingival index, whereas changes of alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin correlated significantly with changes in the pocket depth. Conclusions: Treatment with topical melatonin was associated with an improvement in the gingival index and pocket depth, a reduction in salivary concentrations of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin