Creation of an Agrotourism Operator to Strengthen the Tourism Sector in the Canton of San Pedro Pelileo

The present research was carried out in the San Pedro de Pelileo community, Tungurahua Province in Ecuador, with the objective of creating an agrotourism operator in Pelileo to promote tourism in the canton and for the socioeconomic development of the parish, taking into account mainly the strengths and weaknesses of the territory. A nonexperimental crosssectional research based on reviews of related scientific articles and official pages was conducted. Additional information was collected through a survey of 361 inhabitants. The results of this study were able to verify that associative and collaborative work should be included to strengthen the economy of the Pelileo canton and make it one of the most important tourist destinations in the province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. Keywords: agriculture, tourism, agrotourism, sustainable development, social development, economic development. Resumen La presente investigación se realizó en el cantón San Pedro Pelileo Provincia de Tungurahua en Ecuador, teniendo como objetivo Creación de una operadora de agroturismo en Pelileo para promocionar lugares turísticos del cantón, para el desarrollo socioeconómico del sector, tomando en cuenta principalmente las fortalezas y debilidades del territorio para esta actividad clave para el desarrollo socioeconómico; para lo cual se aplicó una investigación no experimental de tipo transversal que tiene como propósito analizar un tema poco tratado basada principalmente en revisiones de artículos científicos y páginas oficiales con enfoque similar, además se recopiló información a través de la encuesta, la cual se aplicó a 362 habitantes de tamaño muestral que arrojó la formula estadística para poblaciones finitas. Los resultados fueron procesados mediante el programa Google Drive, obteniendo resultados favorables cuyo insumo aportador a proponer una ruta agroturística que aprovechará cada espacio en la localidad para promover el crecimiento socioeconómico lográndose convertir en un acertado candidato agroturístico en la provincia por su diversidad cultural y agrícola, beneficiando a sus habitantes y proyectar una nueva actividad económica. La presente investigación pudo constatar que se debe incluir el trabajo asociativo y colaborativo como un medio para el fortalecimiento del cantón Pelileo para convertirlo en uno de los más importantes destinos turísticos en la provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador. Palabras Clave: agricultura, turismo, agroturismo, desarrollo sostenible, desarrollo social, desarrollo económico

Ethanol induces the expression of α1(I) procollagen mRNA in a co-culture system containing a liver stellate cell-line and freshly isolated hepatocytes

AbstractTo study the fibrogenic action of ethanol in vitro we used a co-culture system of freshly isolated hepatocytes and a liver stellate cell line (CFSC-2G) developed in our laboratory. Our results show that in this co-culture system ethanol induces the expression of α1(I) procollagen mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This effect of ethanol was due to its metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase since 4-methylpyrazole prevented the ethanol-mediated increase in α1(I) procollagen mRNA. Ethanol was more efficient than acetaldehyde in inducing α1(I) procollagen mRNA expression and its effect was protein synthesis-independent. Transfection of either hepatocytes or liver stellate cells with a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT), driven by 3700bp of the mouse α1(I) procollagen promoter demonstrated that only LSC expressed significant CAT activity and that this activity was enhanced by ethanol. Overall, our results suggest that this co-culture system is a useful model to study alcohol-induced fibrogenesis in vitro and that mechanisms other than acetaldehyde formation may also play an important role in alcohol-induced fibrogenesis

¿Qué está pasando con la salud mental en el Tolima?

Resumen El presente trabajo se realizó con el fin de conocer la problemática de salud pública que aqueja el departamento del Tolima como lo es el suicidio, y que día a día se viene incrementando de manera desbordante, una de las cosas que más preocupa es que las personas con mayor afectación son los niños y adolescentes que en base a encuestas realizadas es notoria y preocupante la manera como los adolescentes llegan a este punto de atentar contra su vida. Desde el punto de vista de salud pública, el suicidio se considera un evento francamente prevenible. Por lo cual es importante determinar los múltiples factores de riesgo asociados siendo una actividad prioritaria, en especial si se pretende desarrollar intervenciones dirigidas a menguar el comportamiento del fenómeno. Esta intervención Crear Esperanza A Través De La Acción obedece a mejorar las estrategias de comunicación como base integral de las políticas públicas en salud de colombio y está encaminada a mitigar la problemática del suicidio que aqueja al departamento del Tolima. Palabras clave: intervención cambio, suicidio, políticas, comunicaciónAbstract The present work was carried out in order to know the public health problem that afflicts the department of Tolima, such as suicide, and that day by day it has been increasing in an overwhelming way, one of the things that worries the most is that people Children and adolescents are most affected. Based on surveys carried out, the way in which adolescents reach this point of attempting their lives is notorious and worrying. From a public health point of view, suicide is considered a clearly preventable event. Therefore, it is important to determine the multiple associated risk factors, being a priority activity, especially if it is intended to develop interventions aimed at reducing the behavior of the phenomenon. This intervention Create Hope Through Action obeys to improve communication strategies as an integral basis of public health policies in Colombia and is aimed at mitigating the problem of suicide that afflicts the department of Tolima. Keywords: change intervention, suicide, policies, communicatio

Divulgación Científica No.3

La investigación constituye en sí misma un valioso instrumento para ser empleado por la sociedad, es mucho más que un objeto —sin abandonar lo que por naturaleza le compete: garantizar procesos de calidad—, puede entregar valiosa información sobre diferentes temas de interés, para avanzar en el análisis y propiciar la creación de redes de conocimiento.Research constitutes in itself a valuable instrument to be used by society, it is much more than an object —without abandoning what by nature is its responsibility: guaranteeing quality processes—, it can provide valuable information on different topics of interest, to advance in analysis and promote the creation of knowledge networks

Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract Background Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GEHFX ). Methods In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care

Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract Background Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GEHFX ). Methods In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care