71 research outputs found
Construction of equilibrium networks with an energy function
We construct equilibrium networks by introducing an energy function depending
on the degree of each node as well as the product of neighboring degrees. With
this topological energy function, networks constitute a canonical ensemble,
which follows the Boltzmann distribution for given temperature. It is observed
that the system undergoes a topological phase transition from a random network
to a star or a fully-connected network as the temperature is lowered. Both
mean-field analysis and numerical simulations reveal strong first-order phase
transitions at temperatures which decrease logarithmically with the system
size. Quantitative discrepancies of the simulation results from the mean-field
prediction are discussed in view of the strong first-order nature.Comment: To appear in J. Phys.
Proxy Anchor-based Unsupervised Learning for Continuous Generalized Category Discovery
Recent advances in deep learning have significantly improved the performance
of various computer vision applications. However, discovering novel categories
in an incremental learning scenario remains a challenging problem due to the
lack of prior knowledge about the number and nature of new categories. Existing
methods for novel category discovery are limited by their reliance on labeled
datasets and prior knowledge about the number of novel categories and the
proportion of novel samples in the batch. To address the limitations and more
accurately reflect real-world scenarios, in this paper, we propose a novel
unsupervised class incremental learning approach for discovering novel
categories on unlabeled sets without prior knowledge. The proposed method
fine-tunes the feature extractor and proxy anchors on labeled sets, then splits
samples into old and novel categories and clusters on the unlabeled dataset.
Furthermore, the proxy anchors-based exemplar generates representative category
vectors to mitigate catastrophic forgetting. Experimental results demonstrate
that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on
fine-grained datasets under real-world scenarios.Comment: Accepted to ICCV 202
1/f spectrum and memory function analysis of solvation dynamics in a room-temperature ionic liquid
To understand the non-exponential relaxation associated with solvation
dynamics in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate,
we study power spectra of the fluctuating Franck-Condon energy gap of a
diatomic probe solute via molecular dynamics simulations. Results show 1/f
dependence in a wide frequency range over 2 to 3 decades, indicating
distributed relaxation times. We analyze the memory function and solvation time
in the framework of the generalized Langevin equation using a simple model
description for the power spectrum. It is found that the crossover frequency
toward the white noise plateau is directly related to the time scale for the
memory function and thus the solvation time. Specifically, the low crossover
frequency observed in the ionic liquid leads to a slowly-decaying tail in its
memory function and long solvation time. By contrast, acetonitrile
characterized by a high crossover frequency and (near) absence of 1/f behavior
in its power spectra shows fast relaxation of the memory function and
single-exponential decay of solvation dynamics in the long-time regime.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Fragility, Stokes-Einstein violation, and correlated local excitations in a coarse-grained model of an ionic liquid
Dynamics of a coarse-grained model for the room-temperature ionic liquid,
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, couched in the united-atom
site representation are studied via molecular dynamics simulations. The
dynamically heterogeneous behavior of the model resembles that of fragile
supercooled liquids. At or close to room temperature, the model ionic liquid
exhibits slow dynamics, characterized by nonexponential structural relaxation
and subdiffusive behavior. The structural relaxation time, closely related to
the viscosity, shows a super-Arrhenius behavior. Local excitations, defined as
displacement of an ion exceeding a threshold distance, are found to be mainly
responsible for structural relaxation in the alternating structure of cations
and anions. As the temperature is lowered, excitations become progressively
more correlated. This results in the decoupling of exchange and persistence
times, reflecting a violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation.Comment: Published on the Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. websit
LRRTM3 Regulates Excitatory Synapse Development through Alternative Splicing and Neurexin Binding
The four members of the LRRTM family (LRRTM1-4) are postsynaptic adhesion molecules essential for excitatory synapse development. They have also been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we focus on LRRTM3, showing that two distinct LRRTM3 variants generated by alternative splicing regulate LRRTM3 interaction with PSD-95, but not its excitatory synapse-promoting activity. Overexpression of either LRRTM3 variant increased excitatory synapse density in dentate gyrus (DG) granule neurons, whereas LRRTM3 knockdown decreased it. LRRTM3 also controlled activity-regulated AMPA receptor surface expression in an alternative splicing-dependent manner. Furthermore, Lrrtm3-knockout mice displayed specific alterations in excitatory synapse density, excitatory synaptic transmission and excitability in DG granule neurons but not in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Lastly, LRRTM3 required only specific splice variants of presynaptic neurexins for their synaptogenic activity. Collectively, our data highlight alternative splicing and differential presynaptic ligand utilization in the regulation of LRRTMs, revealing key regulatory mechanisms for excitatory synapse development.Peer reviewe
OH reactivity in urban and suburban regions in Seoul, South Korea – an East Asian megacity in a rapid transition
South Korea has recently achieved developed country status with the second largest megacity in the world, the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). This study provides insights into future changes in air quality for rapidly emerging megacities in the East Asian region. We present total OH reactivity observations in the SMA conducted at an urban Seoul site (May-June, 2015) and a suburban forest site (Sep, 2015). The total OH reactivity in an urban site during the daytime was observed at similar levels (∼15 s(-1)) to those previously reported from other East Asian megacity studies. Trace gas observations indicate that OH reactivity is largely accounted for by NOX (∼50%) followed by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (∼35%). Isoprene accounts for a substantial fraction of OH reactivity among the comprehensive VOC observational dataset (25-47%). In general, observed total OH reactivity can be accounted for by the observed trace gas dataset. However, observed total OH reactivity in the suburban forest area cannot be largely accounted for (∼70%) by the trace gas measurements. The importance of biogenic VOC (BVOCs) emissions and oxidations used to evaluate the impacts of East Asian megacity outflows for the regional air quality and climate contexts are highlighted in this study
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