The Bison, October 5, 2018

Malformacije se javljaju kod uzgojnih populacija mlaĎi lubina, a utječu na zdravlje ribe i njezinu ekonomsku vrijednost na trţištu. Posebna paţnja u radu usmjerena je na metodologiju i proces izdvajanja deformirane mlaĎi lubina u uzgoju. U svrhu pravilnog načina vredovanja deformiteta napravljenje su rendgenske slike cjelokupnog kostura izdvojenih jedinki. Zbog pojavnosti deformacija na kraljeţnici (>3%) u drugoj mrijesnoj seriji je obavljeno izdvajanje deformiranih jedinki od zdravih. U ukupnom uzorku bile su 103 jedinke. Najveći broj jedinki je imao skoliozu (83%), dvije jedinke su imale lordozu (1,9%), dok je pet jedinki imalo kifozu (4,8%). Normalnu kraljeţnicu je imalo 13 jedinki, ali su iste imale oštećen operkulum (12,6%). U uzgojnoj sredini, uz dane starosti jedinki pratile su se vrijednosti abiotičkih faktora: kisik, temperatura, ugljični dioksid i amonijak.Malformations that occur in breeding populations are the causative agent which affects the health of the fish and its economic value. Particular attention in this thesis is focused on metodology and the process of selection of sea bass juveniles with deformities. In order to obtain a better insight into the type of deformities, X-ray images of the entire skeleton were taken. Because of the manifestation with deformities (>3%) in the second hatchery series, a selection has been made in the pools, and within this gruop healthy and deformed individuals were divided. There were 103 individuals in the sample. The largest number of fishes had a scoliosis (83.0%). There were two individuals with lordosis (1.9%), five with kifosis (4.8%), and thirteen with normal spine, but with damaged operculum (12.6%). In the breeding environment, besides the age of individuals, other values were observed such as: oxygen, temperature, carbon dioxide and ammonia

Vršnjački odnosi učenika - razlike s obzirom na intelektualne sposobnosti i uzrast

Problems with peers are more common among children with intellectual disabilities (ID) than typical development (TD) children. As a lack of research in this field states the heterogeneity of the samples in relation to the level of disability and age, which is important for the ability to plan preventive programs and targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to examine the association between intellectual status and age with peer relationships. The study included 206 students aged 12 to 18 years, of which 76 with mild ID and 130 TD. Peer relationships were measured by Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory (compromise, problem solving, yielding, avoidance and domination) and by The Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaires, subscale Problems with peers, form for teachers. The main findings showed that students with mild ID have more problems with peers than TD students. Unlike TD students, students with mild IO at secondary school more often yielding and avoidance conflicts. At later age dominance is less frequent in both groups of students, and problem solving and compromise are statistically more frequent in students with mild ID group than in TD peers group. It was concluded that negative social experience of young people with mild ID simultaneously motivate to constructive and destructive ways of resolving conflicts.Problemi sa vršnjacima učestaliji su u populaciji dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću (IO) nego dece tipičnog razvoja (TR). Kao nedostatak istraživanja u ovoj oblasti navodi se heterogenost uzoraka u odnosu na nivo ometenosti i uzrast, a što je značajno za mogućnost planiranja preventivnih programa i ciljnih intervencija. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita povezanost intelektualnog statusa i uzrasta sa vršnjačkim odnosima učenika. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 206 ispitanika, uzrasta od 12 do 18 godina, od čega njih 76 sa lakom IO i 130 TR. Vršnjački odnosi su procenjivani preko Rahimovog inventara organizacijskog konflikta (kompromis, rešavanje problema, popuštanje, izbegavanje i dominacija) i subskale problemi sa vršnjacima Upitnika snage i teškoće. Glavni nalazi su pokazali da mladi sa lakom IO imaju više problema sa vršnjacima od mladih TR. Za razliku od učenika TR, što su stariji, učenici sa lakom IO češće popuštaju i izbegavaju konflikte. Dominacija je na starijem uzrastu manje zastupljena kod obe grupe učenika, a rešavanje problema i kompromis su statistički zastuljeniji kod učenika sa lakom IO nego kod njihovih vršnjaka TR. Zaključeno je da negativno socijalno iskustvo mlade sa lakom IO istovremeno motiviše i na konstuktivne i na destuktivne načine rešavanja međuvršnjačkih konflikata

Single Facilities as an Issue in University Level Music Education in Croatia: the Media Impact of the Erection of the Academy of Music Building in Zagreb over the 2003-2012 Period

U ovom se radu raspravlja o problematici izgradnje jedinstvene zgrade Muzičke akademije u Zagrebu, ustanove koja je osnovana 1922. godine i nikada nije djelovala u okvirima jednog fizičkog prostora, nego se nastava vršila na više iznajmljenih lokacija. Nadalje, zbog komparativnog uvida u način djelovanja daje se pregled situacije u visokoobrazovnim glazbenim ustanovama susjednih zemalja — Bosni i Hercegovini, Sloveniji i Srbiji — koje kao zemlje proizašle iz Jugoslavije imaju djelomice sličnu povijest kao i Hrvatska, te u nekim drugim visokoobrazovnim glazbenim ustanovama Europe: u Francuskoj, Engleskoj i Poljskoj. Dok slične institucije u zemljama bivše Jugoslavije imaju iste probleme kao zagrebačka Muzička akademija, predstavljene zemlje Europske Unije imaju uređene visokoškolske glazbene ustanove s jedinstvenim prostorima, te kao takve predstavljaju nosioce glazbeno-kulturnog razvitka svojih zemalja. U drugom dijelu članka donose se medijske analize, izrađene na temelju novinskih članaka objavljenih u Aktualu, Business.hr, Fokusu, Glasu Istre, Glasu Slavonije, Globusu, Građevinaru, Hrvatskom slovu, Jutarnjem listu, Nacionalu, Novom listu, ProGradnji, Slobodnoj Dalmaciji, Školskim novinama, Večernjem listu, Vijencu, Vjesniku, Zagreb Newsu, Zagreb moj grad i internetskim portalima u periodu od 1. siječnja 2003. do 1. svibnja 2012. Cilj je da se s pomoću grafijskih prikaza i statistika prikaže i ispita zastupljenost tema, sadržaja i stavova vezanih uz problematiku izgradnje zgrade Muzičke akademije. Prikazani rezultati analize medija pokazali su kako je komunikacija s medijima, a preko njih i sa širom javnosti bila potpuno neplanirana, te je propuštena mogućnost za formiranje pozitivnog javnog mišljenja o potrebi postojanja jedinstvene zgrade Muzičke akademije. Analiza je pokazala i korištenje problematike od strane političkih stranaka i političara u osobne promidžbene svrhe što je, uz nedostatak kreiranja vijesti od strane Muzičke akademije, rezultiralo djelomice negativnim kontekstom.In this article the problems concerning the erecting of the Zagreb Academy of Music building are discussed. This institution was established in 1922 and has never been operating within one single physical space since then; instead, its teaching courses have been dispersed at several rented locations. Furthermore, in order to offer a comparative insight into their operating modes, the overview of the situation in the facilities of university level music institutions in neighbouring countries is given — in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia and Serbia — which, as countries that emerged from the former Yugoslavia, underwent similar historical processes. In addition, insight is also given into some university level music institutions in other European countries, such as France, England and Poland. While similar institutions in the capitals of the former Yugoslavia deal with similar problems as the Zagreb Academy of Music, the other European Union countries mentioned here have well-ordered university level music institutions with single facilities, thus functioning as one of the main factors in the music culture of their respective countries. In the second part of the article, analyses of Croatian media impact accompanying the erection of the Zagreb Academy of Music facilities are given, based on newspaper articles published in the following print media: Aktual, Business.hr, Fokus, Glas Istre, Glas Slavonije, Globus, Građevinar, Hrvatsko slovo, Jutarnji list, Nacional, Novi list, ProGradnja, Slobodna Dalmacija, Školske novine, Večernji list, Vijenac, Vjesnik, Zagreb News, and Zagreb moj grad, as well as on internet portals, during the period from 1 January 2003 until 1 May 2012. The main goal of this presentation, with the help of graphs and statistical data, is to show and investigate the themes, content and attitudes connected with the whole complex of the erection of the Zagreb Academy of Music facilities. The results of the media analyses show that the institutional communication with the media and, consequently, with the broader general public, was totally unplanned, thus failing to form a positive public opinion about the need of erecting such Academy of Music facilities. The analyses have also shown that the whole issue was used by political parties and politicians in promoting their personal goals, which resulted — supported by the lack of adequate news being launched by the Academy of Music itself — in creating a partly negative public context

Analysis of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, lipid peroxidation products and activity of antioxidative enzymes in precancerous lesions and in cervical cancer

U organizmu se, pod fiziološkim uslovima, produkuju slobodni radikali. Iako se u organizmu nalaze u veoma niskoj koncentraciji, slobodni radikali mogu ispoljiti toksične efekte. Težeći da spare elektrone, u hemijskoj reakciji oksidacije, dolazi do brzog i nepredvidivog vezivanja za susedne molekule, proteine, lipide, ugljene hidrate i nukleinske kiseline od kojih su sačinjeni strukturni elementi ćelije, pokrećući unutrašnji put apoptoze. Antioksidansi su supstance koje sprečavaju ili značajno smanjuju oksidaciju biomolekula. Oksidativni stres je stanje koje nastaje kada produkcija slobodnih radikala premaši kapacitete antioksidativnih enzima da ih neutrališu. U antioksidativne enzime spadaju: superoksid dismutaza (SOD), katalaza (CAT), glutation peroksidaza (GPx), glutation reduktaza (GR) i glutation-S-transferaza (GST). Lipidna peroksidacija (LP) je proces oksidacije višestruko nezasićenih masnih kiselina od strane slobodnih radikala. Malondialdehid predstavlja biohemijski marker pomoću kog je moguće meriti stepen oksidativnog oštećenja ćelijskih membrana. Oksidativna modifikacija DNK dovodi do promene strukture DNK koje rezultuju genetskim oštećenjima. Najčešće korišćen marker oksidativnog stresa je urinarni 8-hidroksi-2-deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG). Oštećenja proteina, lipida, DNK čine važan osnov mnogih oboljenja kao što su ateroskleroza, neurodegenerativna oboljenja, dijabetes, gojaznost, proces starenja, retinopatija, hronične inflamatorne bolesti i karcinom. Polazeći od hipoteze da su ovi biomolekuli različiti u različitim stadijumima bolesti, oni bi mogli predstavljati prognostički marker proširenosti bolesti. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita da li postoje razlike između kontrolne grupe (zdravih žena), pacijentkinja sa prekanceroznim lezijama na grliću materice (HSIL), pacijentkinja sa lokalno ograničenim (FIGO Ia-Ib) i pacijentkinja sa lokalno uznapredovalim karcinomom grlića materice (IIa-IV) u pokazateljima oštećenja DNK (određivanjem vrednosti 8-OHdG), pokazateljima oksidativnog stresa (određivanjem intenziteta lipidne peroksidacije (TBARS)), pokazateljima antioksidativne odbrane (određivanjem aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima superoksid dismutaze (SOD), katalaze (CAT), glutation peroksidaze (GPx), glutation reduktaze (GR) i glutation-S-transferaze (GST)). Pored toga, cilj istraživanja je bio da se uporede vrednosti 8-OHdG, proizvoda lipidne peroksidacije (TBARS) i aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima (SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, GR) unutar grupe pacijentkinja sa lokalno ograničenim karcinomom grlića materice podeljenih u dve podgrupe sa niskim i visokim rizikom u odnosu na relaps bolesti. Takođe, u radu je koreliran nivo 8-OHdG, MDA i antioksidativnih enzima sa relapsom bolesti. Istraživanje je izvedeno na Klinici za operativnu onkologiju, odeljenje za ginekologiju na Institutu za onkologiju Vojvodine, Zavodu za farmaciju Medicinskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu i Zavodu za zdravstvenu zaštitu radnika Novi Sad u periodu od 2013. godine do 2017. godine. Od ispitanica su prikupljani uzorci krvi i urina, pripremljeni na adekvatan način i čuvani na -80° do analiza. Aktivnost enzima antioksidativne zaštite, kao i intenzitet lipidne peroksidacije određivani su spektrofotometrijskim metodama, a koncentracija 8-OhdG određivana je gasnom hromatografijom uz masenu detekciju. Za sprovođenje istraživanja dobijena je saglasnost Etičkog odbora Instituta za onkologiju Vojvodine. Pokazano je da postoje statistički značajne razlike između kontrolne grupe (zdravih žena), pacijentkinja saprekanceroznim lezijama na grliću materice (HSIL), pacijentkinja sa lokalno ograničenim (FIGO Ia-Ib) u odnosu napacijentkinje sa lokalno uznapredovalim karcinomom grlića materice (IIa-IV) u pokazateljima oštećenja DNK (koncentracija 8-OHdG), pokazateljima oksidativnog stresa (intenziteta lipidne peroksidacije (TBARS)), pokazateljima antioksidativne odbrane (aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima SOD, CAT i GST). Nisu pokazane razlike između ispitivanih grupa u aktivnosti enzima glutation peroksidaze (GPx) i glutation reduktaze (GR). Nisu pronađene razlike u koncentraciji 8-OHdG, proizvoda lipidne peroksidacije (TBARS) i aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima (SOD, CAT, GST, GPx i GR) unutar grupe pacijentkinja sa lokalno ograničenim karcinomom grlića materice podeljenih u dve podgrupe sa niskim i visokim rizikom u odnosu na relaps bolesti. Aktivnosti CAT i GST bile najbolji prediktori rekurencije bolesti kod definisanih pacijentkinja. Na osnovu aktivnosti ova dva oksidativna enzima, separacija grupe pacijentkinja kod kojih nije došlo do rekurencije bolesti nakon perioda praćenja od ostale dve grupe kod kojih je došlo do rekurencije bolesti je bila moguća. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključuje se da je moguće koristiti navedene biomarkere kao dijagnostičke markere kod pacijentkinja sa karcinomom grlića materice. Ovi biomolekuli mogu pomoći lakšem svrstavanju pacijentkinja u određene grupe prema stadijumu bolesti, a sledstveno i bržem odabiru odgovarajućeg lečenja. Pored toga, pokazano je da su aktivnosti enzima CAT i GST prediktori rekurencije bolesti kod definisanih grupa pacijentkinja.Free radicals are produced in our body under physiological conditions. Although in very low concentrations, they can show some toxic effects. While trying to bind electrons, in the chemical reaction of oxidation, they rapidly and unpredictably bind to adjacent molecules- proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids from which the structural elements of the cell are made, triggering the internal pathway of apoptosis. Antioxidants are substances that prevent or significantly reduce the oxidation of biomolecules. Oxidative stress is a condition that occurs when the production of free radicals exceeds the capacity of antioxidant enzymes to neutralize them. The antioxidant enzymes include: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Lipid Peroxidation (LP) is the process of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by free radicals. Malondialdehyde is a biochemical marker by which it is possible to measure the degree of oxidative damage of cell membranes. The oxidative modification of DNA leads to a change in DNA structure that results in genetic damage. The most commonly used marker of oxidative stress is urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG). The damage to proteins, lipids and DNA is an important basis for many diseases such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, aging, retinopathy, chronic inflammatory disease and cancer. Starting from the hypothesis that these biomolecules are different at different stages of the disease, they could represent a prognostic marker of the progression of the disease. The aim of the study was to examine whether there were differences between the control group (healthy women), the patients with precancerous lesions on the cervix (HSIL), the patients with early stage cervical cancer (FIGO Ia-Ib) and the patient with locally advanced cervical cancer (IIa - IV) in the indicators of DNA damage (determining the value of 8-OHdG), indicators of oxidative stress (by determining the lipid peroxidation intensity (TBARS)), indicators of antioxidant defense (by determining the activity of antioxidative enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)). In addition, the aim of the study was to compare the values of 8- OHdG, lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, GR) within the group of patients with early stage cervical cancer divided into two subgroups- with low and high risk in relation to the relapse of the disease. The research was performed at the Clinic for operative oncology, Department of Gynecology at the Institute of Oncology of Vojvodina, Medical Faculty in Novi Sad, Department of Pharmacy and the Institute for Health Care of Novi Sad in the period from 2013 to 2017. Samples of blood and urine of the patients were collected, prepared adequately and stored at -80 ° until the analysis. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes as well as the lipid peroxidation were determined by spectrophotometric methods, and the concentration of 8-OHdG was determined by gas chromatography with mass detection. The approval of the Ethical Committee of the Institute for Oncology of Vojvodina was obtained before conducting the research. It has been shown that there are statistically significant differences between the control group (healthy women), patient with precancerous cervical lesions (HSIL), the patients with early stage cervical cancer (FIGO Ia-Ib) compared to a group of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (IIa-IV) in indicators of damage to DNA (concentration of 8-OHdG), indicators of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation (TBARS)), indicators of antioxidant defense (activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GST). There was no difference between the groups in activity of glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). There were no differences in the concentration of 8-OHdG, lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST, GPx and GR) within the group of patients with locally restricted cervical cancer divided into two subgroups with low and high risk in relation on relapses of the disease. CAT and GST activities were the best predictors of disease recurrence among defined groups. Based on the activities of these two oxidative enzymes, the separation of the group of patients who did not experience disease recurrence after a follow-up period from the other two groups in which recurrence of the disease occurred was possible. Based on the obtained results it is concluded that it is possible to use the studied biomarkers as diagnostic markers in patients with cervical cancer. These biomolecules can help in the patient's classification into certain groups according to the stage of the disease, and consequently the more efficient choice of appropriate treatment. In addition, CAT and GST enzyme activity have been shown to be predictors of disease recurrence in defined patient groups

The regulation of iron metabolism, the level of hepcidin and transferrin receptors in hemodialysis patients

Introduction:The most common anemia caused in patients with chronic kidney insufficiency is reduced erythropoetin (EPO) synthesis due to the impacted kidneys. Iron supplementation is essential in order to provide adequate EPO therapy response in patients with CKD because bone marrow’s demands for iron often exceed the amount of needed iron required for erythropoesis (transferrin saturation percentage) or iron stores (serum ferritin). Apart form iron, sufficient amount of other main supstrates and cofactors must be supplemented for erythrocyte synthesys, especially vitamin B12 and folates. Markers for monitoring anemia status, as well as iron and erythropoetin therapy effects identification is of vital importance. Aim: The aim of this research is to identify not only the standard biochemical markers, but also the new markers for iron metabolism status regulation, currently not widely used, hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor concentration; correlation of signifficant anemia the parameters and iron metabolism parameters in targeted groups of patients; to determine the predictive value of iron concentration, hepcidin, sTfR and ferritin concentration values in patients on hemodialysis; to determine mean ferritin, hepcidin and sTfR value sensitivity and specificity in patients with saturation values over/below 30%; to estimate the signifficance of hepcidin and sTfR in iron metabolism regulation in patients on hemodialysis. Patients and methods: This research covered 124 patients, 104 with chronic kidney disease - 64 on hemodialysis and 40 in predialysis stage. Control group included 20 healthy volunteers. In addition to the standard biochemical markers, anemia parameters, folic acid and vitamin B12,iron metabolism parameters, iron,TIBC, UIBC, transferrin saturation, ferritin, hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor concentration were determined. Importance: Up till now the applied biomarkers had certain limitations which didn’t allow making an early anemia diagnosis and a more adequate therapy contorl in patients with chronic kidney insufficiency. An extremely huge deployment of different iron products, erythropoietins and vital periodic transfusions demands for finding an early, efficient and reliable biomarker for good rationalization and even better individualisation of the applies products. The results of the research show that hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor concentration values as part of regular dialysis patient control greatly improves the understanding of iron metabolism and distribution in these patients. It has been proved that hepcidin concentration is influenced by inflammation, hypoxia and hypoalbuminemia, allowing soluble transferrin receptor concentration levels to be a reliable iron deficiency marker in patients on hemodialysis

The role of family in the development of prosocial behavior in children with intellectual disability

U radu se razmatra uloga porodice u razvijanju prosocijalnog ponašanja dece sa intelektualanom ometenošću. Pažnja je posvećena problemu definisanja i operacionalizacije prosocijalnog ponašanja. Razmatraju se i načini na koje roditelji mogu doprineti razvoju prosocijalnog ponašanja dece kroz pregled istraživanja čiji rezultati ukazuju na postojanje povezanosti prosocijalnog ponašanja dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću sa odnosima u porodici i funkcionisanjem deteta u njoj. Smatra se da izmeu uticaja roditelja i prosocijalnog ponašanja dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću postoji recipročan odnos. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na značaj pozitivnih odnosa u porodici, posebno emocionalne razmene, u razvijanju prosocijalnog ponašanja dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću.The paper considers the role of family in the development of prosocial behavior of children with intellectual disability. Attention first focuses on the issue of prosocial behavior defining and making it operational. Next consideration is given to the ways that parents may influence a child's prosocial behavioropting on a review of the research findings whose results indicate that there exists correlation between prosocial behavior of children with intellectual disability and particular variables of the relationship processes that characterize the family system. It is thought that between the influence of the parents and prosocial behavior of children with intellectual disability there is mutual relationship. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of positive aspects of the family environment, particularly affective expression and relationship quality, in the development of prosocial behavior in children with intellectual disability

Teorija i praksa prevođenja i podslovljavanja filmova na primjeru filma "In the Loop" ili "U banani"

Subtitling is a form of audiovisual translation and increasingly growing in both importance and demand. First, a short introduction to audiovisual translation is illustrated as well as the theoretical background required for subtitling. Next, the Croatian subtitles of the movie In the Loop have been analyzed for correctness and appropriateness and alternative translations were attempted. Lastly, a survey has been done in order to shed light on the familiarity of the Croatian audience with British culture-specific concepts

Single Facilities as an Issue in University Level Music Education in Croatia: the Media Impact of the Erection of the Academy of Music Building in Zagreb over the 2003-2012 Period

U ovom se radu raspravlja o problematici izgradnje jedinstvene zgrade Muzičke akademije u Zagrebu, ustanove koja je osnovana 1922. godine i nikada nije djelovala u okvirima jednog fizičkog prostora, nego se nastava vršila na više iznajmljenih lokacija. Nadalje, zbog komparativnog uvida u način djelovanja daje se pregled situacije u visokoobrazovnim glazbenim ustanovama susjednih zemalja — Bosni i Hercegovini, Sloveniji i Srbiji — koje kao zemlje proizašle iz Jugoslavije imaju djelomice sličnu povijest kao i Hrvatska, te u nekim drugim visokoobrazovnim glazbenim ustanovama Europe: u Francuskoj, Engleskoj i Poljskoj. Dok slične institucije u zemljama bivše Jugoslavije imaju iste probleme kao zagrebačka Muzička akademija, predstavljene zemlje Europske Unije imaju uređene visokoškolske glazbene ustanove s jedinstvenim prostorima, te kao takve predstavljaju nosioce glazbeno-kulturnog razvitka svojih zemalja. U drugom dijelu članka donose se medijske analize, izrađene na temelju novinskih članaka objavljenih u Aktualu, Business.hr, Fokusu, Glasu Istre, Glasu Slavonije, Globusu, Građevinaru, Hrvatskom slovu, Jutarnjem listu, Nacionalu, Novom listu, ProGradnji, Slobodnoj Dalmaciji, Školskim novinama, Večernjem listu, Vijencu, Vjesniku, Zagreb Newsu, Zagreb moj grad i internetskim portalima u periodu od 1. siječnja 2003. do 1. svibnja 2012. Cilj je da se s pomoću grafijskih prikaza i statistika prikaže i ispita zastupljenost tema, sadržaja i stavova vezanih uz problematiku izgradnje zgrade Muzičke akademije. Prikazani rezultati analize medija pokazali su kako je komunikacija s medijima, a preko njih i sa širom javnosti bila potpuno neplanirana, te je propuštena mogućnost za formiranje pozitivnog javnog mišljenja o potrebi postojanja jedinstvene zgrade Muzičke akademije. Analiza je pokazala i korištenje problematike od strane političkih stranaka i političara u osobne promidžbene svrhe što je, uz nedostatak kreiranja vijesti od strane Muzičke akademije, rezultiralo djelomice negativnim kontekstom.In this article the problems concerning the erecting of the Zagreb Academy of Music building are discussed. This institution was established in 1922 and has never been operating within one single physical space since then; instead, its teaching courses have been dispersed at several rented locations. Furthermore, in order to offer a comparative insight into their operating modes, the overview of the situation in the facilities of university level music institutions in neighbouring countries is given — in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia and Serbia — which, as countries that emerged from the former Yugoslavia, underwent similar historical processes. In addition, insight is also given into some university level music institutions in other European countries, such as France, England and Poland. While similar institutions in the capitals of the former Yugoslavia deal with similar problems as the Zagreb Academy of Music, the other European Union countries mentioned here have well-ordered university level music institutions with single facilities, thus functioning as one of the main factors in the music culture of their respective countries. In the second part of the article, analyses of Croatian media impact accompanying the erection of the Zagreb Academy of Music facilities are given, based on newspaper articles published in the following print media: Aktual, Business.hr, Fokus, Glas Istre, Glas Slavonije, Globus, Građevinar, Hrvatsko slovo, Jutarnji list, Nacional, Novi list, ProGradnja, Slobodna Dalmacija, Školske novine, Večernji list, Vijenac, Vjesnik, Zagreb News, and Zagreb moj grad, as well as on internet portals, during the period from 1 January 2003 until 1 May 2012. The main goal of this presentation, with the help of graphs and statistical data, is to show and investigate the themes, content and attitudes connected with the whole complex of the erection of the Zagreb Academy of Music facilities. The results of the media analyses show that the institutional communication with the media and, consequently, with the broader general public, was totally unplanned, thus failing to form a positive public opinion about the need of erecting such Academy of Music facilities. The analyses have also shown that the whole issue was used by political parties and politicians in promoting their personal goals, which resulted — supported by the lack of adequate news being launched by the Academy of Music itself — in creating a partly negative public context

Analysis of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, lipid peroxidation products and activity of antioxidative enzymes in precancerous lesions and in cervical cancer

U organizmu se, pod fiziološkim uslovima, produkuju slobodni radikali. Iako se u organizmu nalaze u veoma niskoj koncentraciji, slobodni radikali mogu ispoljiti toksične efekte. Težeći da spare elektrone, u hemijskoj reakciji oksidacije, dolazi do brzog i nepredvidivog vezivanja za susedne molekule, proteine, lipide, ugljene hidrate i nukleinske kiseline od kojih su sačinjeni strukturni elementi ćelije, pokrećući unutrašnji put apoptoze. Antioksidansi su supstance koje sprečavaju ili značajno smanjuju oksidaciju biomolekula. Oksidativni stres je stanje koje nastaje kada produkcija slobodnih radikala premaši kapacitete antioksidativnih enzima da ih neutrališu. U antioksidativne enzime spadaju: superoksid dismutaza (SOD), katalaza (CAT), glutation peroksidaza (GPx), glutation reduktaza (GR) i glutation-S-transferaza (GST). Lipidna peroksidacija (LP) je proces oksidacije višestruko nezasićenih masnih kiselina od strane slobodnih radikala. Malondialdehid predstavlja biohemijski marker pomoću kog je moguće meriti stepen oksidativnog oštećenja ćelijskih membrana. Oksidativna modifikacija DNK dovodi do promene strukture DNK koje rezultuju genetskim oštećenjima. Najčešće korišćen marker oksidativnog stresa je urinarni 8-hidroksi-2-deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG). Oštećenja proteina, lipida, DNK čine važan osnov mnogih oboljenja kao što su ateroskleroza, neurodegenerativna oboljenja, dijabetes, gojaznost, proces starenja, retinopatija, hronične inflamatorne bolesti i karcinom. Polazeći od hipoteze da su ovi biomolekuli različiti u različitim stadijumima bolesti, oni bi mogli predstavljati prognostički marker proširenosti bolesti. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita da li postoje razlike između kontrolne grupe (zdravih žena), pacijentkinja sa prekanceroznim lezijama na grliću materice (HSIL), pacijentkinja sa lokalno ograničenim (FIGO Ia-Ib) i pacijentkinja sa lokalno uznapredovalim karcinomom grlića materice (IIa-IV) u pokazateljima oštećenja DNK (određivanjem vrednosti 8-OHdG), pokazateljima oksidativnog stresa (određivanjem intenziteta lipidne peroksidacije (TBARS)), pokazateljima antioksidativne odbrane (određivanjem aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima superoksid dismutaze (SOD), katalaze (CAT), glutation peroksidaze (GPx), glutation reduktaze (GR) i glutation-S-transferaze (GST)). Pored toga, cilj istraživanja je bio da se uporede vrednosti 8-OHdG, proizvoda lipidne peroksidacije (TBARS) i aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima (SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, GR) unutar grupe pacijentkinja sa lokalno ograničenim karcinomom grlića materice podeljenih u dve podgrupe sa niskim i visokim rizikom u odnosu na relaps bolesti. Takođe, u radu je koreliran nivo 8-OHdG, MDA i antioksidativnih enzima sa relapsom bolesti. Istraživanje je izvedeno na Klinici za operativnu onkologiju, odeljenje za ginekologiju na Institutu za onkologiju Vojvodine, Zavodu za farmaciju Medicinskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu i Zavodu za zdravstvenu zaštitu radnika Novi Sad u periodu od 2013. godine do 2017. godine. Od ispitanica su prikupljani uzorci krvi i urina, pripremljeni na adekvatan način i čuvani na -80° do analiza. Aktivnost enzima antioksidativne zaštite, kao i intenzitet lipidne peroksidacije određivani su spektrofotometrijskim metodama, a koncentracija 8-OhdG određivana je gasnom hromatografijom uz masenu detekciju. Za sprovođenje istraživanja dobijena je saglasnost Etičkog odbora Instituta za onkologiju Vojvodine. Pokazano je da postoje statistički značajne razlike između kontrolne grupe (zdravih žena), pacijentkinja saprekanceroznim lezijama na grliću materice (HSIL), pacijentkinja sa lokalno ograničenim (FIGO Ia-Ib) u odnosu napacijentkinje sa lokalno uznapredovalim karcinomom grlića materice (IIa-IV) u pokazateljima oštećenja DNK (koncentracija 8-OHdG), pokazateljima oksidativnog stresa (intenziteta lipidne peroksidacije (TBARS)), pokazateljima antioksidativne odbrane (aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima SOD, CAT i GST). Nisu pokazane razlike između ispitivanih grupa u aktivnosti enzima glutation peroksidaze (GPx) i glutation reduktaze (GR). Nisu pronađene razlike u koncentraciji 8-OHdG, proizvoda lipidne peroksidacije (TBARS) i aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima (SOD, CAT, GST, GPx i GR) unutar grupe pacijentkinja sa lokalno ograničenim karcinomom grlića materice podeljenih u dve podgrupe sa niskim i visokim rizikom u odnosu na relaps bolesti. Aktivnosti CAT i GST bile najbolji prediktori rekurencije bolesti kod definisanih pacijentkinja. Na osnovu aktivnosti ova dva oksidativna enzima, separacija grupe pacijentkinja kod kojih nije došlo do rekurencije bolesti nakon perioda praćenja od ostale dve grupe kod kojih je došlo do rekurencije bolesti je bila moguća. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključuje se da je moguće koristiti navedene biomarkere kao dijagnostičke markere kod pacijentkinja sa karcinomom grlića materice. Ovi biomolekuli mogu pomoći lakšem svrstavanju pacijentkinja u određene grupe prema stadijumu bolesti, a sledstveno i bržem odabiru odgovarajućeg lečenja. Pored toga, pokazano je da su aktivnosti enzima CAT i GST prediktori rekurencije bolesti kod definisanih grupa pacijentkinja.Free radicals are produced in our body under physiological conditions. Although in very low concentrations, they can show some toxic effects. While trying to bind electrons, in the chemical reaction of oxidation, they rapidly and unpredictably bind to adjacent molecules- proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids from which the structural elements of the cell are made, triggering the internal pathway of apoptosis. Antioxidants are substances that prevent or significantly reduce the oxidation of biomolecules. Oxidative stress is a condition that occurs when the production of free radicals exceeds the capacity of antioxidant enzymes to neutralize them. The antioxidant enzymes include: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Lipid Peroxidation (LP) is the process of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by free radicals. Malondialdehyde is a biochemical marker by which it is possible to measure the degree of oxidative damage of cell membranes. The oxidative modification of DNA leads to a change in DNA structure that results in genetic damage. The most commonly used marker of oxidative stress is urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG). The damage to proteins, lipids and DNA is an important basis for many diseases such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, aging, retinopathy, chronic inflammatory disease and cancer. Starting from the hypothesis that these biomolecules are different at different stages of the disease, they could represent a prognostic marker of the progression of the disease. The aim of the study was to examine whether there were differences between the control group (healthy women), the patients with precancerous lesions on the cervix (HSIL), the patients with early stage cervical cancer (FIGO Ia-Ib) and the patient with locally advanced cervical cancer (IIa - IV) in the indicators of DNA damage (determining the value of 8-OHdG), indicators of oxidative stress (by determining the lipid peroxidation intensity (TBARS)), indicators of antioxidant defense (by determining the activity of antioxidative enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)). In addition, the aim of the study was to compare the values of 8- OHdG, lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, GR) within the group of patients with early stage cervical cancer divided into two subgroups- with low and high risk in relation to the relapse of the disease. The research was performed at the Clinic for operative oncology, Department of Gynecology at the Institute of Oncology of Vojvodina, Medical Faculty in Novi Sad, Department of Pharmacy and the Institute for Health Care of Novi Sad in the period from 2013 to 2017. Samples of blood and urine of the patients were collected, prepared adequately and stored at -80 ° until the analysis. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes as well as the lipid peroxidation were determined by spectrophotometric methods, and the concentration of 8-OHdG was determined by gas chromatography with mass detection. The approval of the Ethical Committee of the Institute for Oncology of Vojvodina was obtained before conducting the research. It has been shown that there are statistically significant differences between the control group (healthy women), patient with precancerous cervical lesions (HSIL), the patients with early stage cervical cancer (FIGO Ia-Ib) compared to a group of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (IIa-IV) in indicators of damage to DNA (concentration of 8-OHdG), indicators of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation (TBARS)), indicators of antioxidant defense (activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GST). There was no difference between the groups in activity of glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). There were no differences in the concentration of 8-OHdG, lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST, GPx and GR) within the group of patients with locally restricted cervical cancer divided into two subgroups with low and high risk in relation on relapses of the disease. CAT and GST activities were the best predictors of disease recurrence among defined groups. Based on the activities of these two oxidative enzymes, the separation of the group of patients who did not experience disease recurrence after a follow-up period from the other two groups in which recurrence of the disease occurred was possible. Based on the obtained results it is concluded that it is possible to use the studied biomarkers as diagnostic markers in patients with cervical cancer. These biomolecules can help in the patient's classification into certain groups according to the stage of the disease, and consequently the more efficient choice of appropriate treatment. In addition, CAT and GST enzyme activity have been shown to be predictors of disease recurrence in defined patient groups

Teorija i praksa prevođenja i podslovljavanja filmova na primjeru filma "In the Loop" ili "U banani"

Subtitling is a form of audiovisual translation and increasingly growing in both importance and demand. First, a short introduction to audiovisual translation is illustrated as well as the theoretical background required for subtitling. Next, the Croatian subtitles of the movie In the Loop have been analyzed for correctness and appropriateness and alternative translations were attempted. Lastly, a survey has been done in order to shed light on the familiarity of the Croatian audience with British culture-specific concepts