791 research outputs found

    An asymmetric Kadison's inequality

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    Some inequalities for positive linear maps on matrix algebras are given, especially asymmetric extensions of Kadison's inequality and several operator versions of Chebyshev's inequality. We also discuss well-known results around the matrix geometric mean and connect it with complex interpolation.Comment: To appear in LA

    : Contextes, enjeux, objectifs

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    SynthÚse issue d'un rapport de 264 pages remis au Conseil de Développement du Pays Asses, Verdon, Vaïre, Var (A3V) en février 2012Cette synthÚse est issue du rapport produit par le CERAMAC au terme de deux années d'une recherche prospective, appliquée et participative, sous convention avec le Conseil de Développement du Pays A3V et en accord avec le Comité de Pays dans le cadre du contrat Pays / Région. AprÚs un diagnostic des principales problématiques relatives à l'évolution des espaces de ces vallées des Alpes du Sud, ce document présente les enjeux majeurs du territoire, les processus en cours, et les scénarios possibles d'évolution à l'horizon 2040. Une stratégie adaptée au deuxiÚme scénario, retenu par les acteurs locaux, a été proposée

    Lactate Dehydrogenase in Oryza sativa

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    An iterative study of time independent induction effects in magnetohydrodynamics

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    International audienceWe introduce a new numerical approach to study magnetic induction in flows of an electrically conducting fluid submitted to an external applied field B-0. In our procedure the induction equation is solved iteratively in successive orders of the magnetic Reynolds number Rm. All electrical quantities such as potential, currents, and fields are computed explicitly with real boundary conditions. We validate our approach on the well known case of the expulsion of magnetic field lines from large scale eddies. We then apply our technique to the study of the induction mechanisms in the von Karman flows generated in the gap between coaxial rotating disks. We demonstrate how the omega and alpha effects develop in this flow, and how they could cooperate to generate a dynamo in this homogeneous geometry. We also discuss induction effects that specifically result from boundary conditions

    Do understory saplings respond to both light and below-ground competitio?: a field experiment in a north-eastern American hardwood forest and a literature review

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    A study was initiated in 1993 to evaluate the potential effects of both above- and below-ground competition exclusion on yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) sapling growth along an understory light gradient ranging from 3% to 50% of full sunlight. We compared four different growth variables between a control and a treatment (trenching and manual removal of nearby vegetation). Height growth, diameter growth, height over stem diameter ratio, and crown area varied with light availability in all three species, whereas trenching treatment had no significant effect. Our results show that light is the main factor affecting understory sapling growth following a selection cut in this northern hardwood forest, at least up to 50% full sunlight. The unresponsiveness of these three species to below-ground competition is discussed in relation to a literature review in which both soil richness and species functional ecology are considered

    Le syndrome de fatigue chronique : méconnu mais pas sans solution

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    Travail d'intĂ©gration rĂ©alisĂ© dans le cadre du cours PHT-6113.Introduction : Le syndrome de fatigue chronique se dĂ©finit comme une pathologie multi-systĂ©mique, caractĂ©risĂ©e principalement par une fatigue sĂ©vĂšre et incapacitante. Celle-ci est accompagnĂ©e de plusieurs autres symptĂŽmes tels que le malaise post-exercice, la douleur et des manifestations neuroendocriniennes, immunitaires et autonomiques. Objectif : Le but de ce travail est de conscientiser les divers professionnels, principalement les physiothĂ©rapeutes, Ă  la reconnaissance de ce syndrome et les outiller tant au niveau de l’évaluation que du traitement. Description sommaire : Ce syndrome est d’étiologie inconnue, tout comme la fibromyalgie. D’ailleurs, ceux-ci se ressemblent grandement sur le plan de la prĂ©sentation clinique et de la physiopathologie. Plusieurs chercheurs considĂšrent mĂȘme la possibilitĂ© d’une Ă©tiologie commune. Actuellement, deux seuls traitements ont Ă©tĂ© prouvĂ©s efficaces chez cette clientĂšle, soit la thĂ©rapie cognitivo-comportementale et les programmes d’exercices graduels. Les diffĂ©rentes anomalies musculaires et cardiovasculaires ont aussi Ă©tĂ© documentĂ©es dans la littĂ©rature. Ces Ă©lĂ©ments justifient l’implication du physiothĂ©rapeute dans l’élaboration d’un plan d’intervention. RĂ©sultats : Des paramĂštres optimaux pour les exercices cardiovasculaires ont donc Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s Ă  partir des meilleures Ă©vidences disponibles. Ceux pour l’entraĂźnement musculaire, quant Ă  eux, ont peu Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s Ă  ce jour, pour cette clientĂšle. Toutefois, l’existence de lignes directrices gĂ©nĂ©rales sur l’entraĂźnement musculaire, combinĂ© Ă  l’analyse des dĂ©ficiences prĂ©sentes chez ces patients, ont permis, dans le cadre de ce travail, l’élaboration d’un programme combinant les exercices cardiovasculaires et musculaires. Conclusion : Bien que la littĂ©rature actuelle permette une prise en charge des patients atteints du SFC, beaucoup de paramĂštres restent Ă  ĂȘtre prouvĂ©s par des donnĂ©es probantes

    Ventilator-induced lung injury: historical perspectives and clinical implications

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    Mechanical ventilation can produce lung physiological and morphological alterations termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Early experimental studies demonstrated that the main determinant of VILI is lung end-inspiratory volume. The clinical relevance of these experimental findings received resounding confirmation with the results of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Network study, which showed a 22% reduction in mortality in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome through a simple reduction in tidal volume. In contrast, the clinical relevance of low lung volume injury remains debated and the application of high positive end-expiratory pressure levels can contribute to lung overdistension and thus be deleterious. The significance of inflammatory alterations observed during VILI is debated and has not translated into clinical application. This review examines seminal experimental studies that led to our current understanding of VILI and contributed to the current recommendations in the respiratory support of ARDS patients
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