Efecto de NovaMin-fosfosilicato de sodio y calcio 5% y del fluoruro de sodio al 5% en la reducción de la Hipersensibilidad Dentinaria Post Terapia Periodontal.

Tesis para optar al título de Cirujano-DentistaLa hipersensibilidad dentaria es un dolor breve, agudo y localizado ocasionado por estímulos térmicos, químicos, táctiles o mecánicos sobre la dentina expuesta. Si bien tiene múltiples factores etiológicos hay una gran relación de esta con la realización de terapias periodontales, producto de la pérdida de inserción de los tejidos periodontales como de la terapia mecánica en pacientes diagnosticados con periodontitis. Existen diversos métodos para tratar este problema, los más utilizados son las pastas dentales para la hipersensibilidad dentinaria y el barniz de flúor. Objetivo: comparar el efecto de pastas desensibilizantes con NovaMin-fosfosilicato de sodio y calcio 5% y del fluoruro de sodio al 5% en la reducción de la hipersensibilidad dentinaria post terapia periodontal. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron 27 personas, que fueron tratadas periodontalmente y que presentaron sensibilidad dentinaria al momento de realizar el estudio. A todos ellos, previa firma de consentimiento informado y en forma inmediata a los pulidos radiculares, se les aplicó el test térmico de chorro de aire con la jeringa triple del sillón dental. La molestia o dolor fue determinado mediante la utilización de una escala visual análoga, realizada en forma inmediata a los pulidos radiculares (medición inicial). Los individuos fueron separados en 2 grupos aleatoriamente: 18 personas grupo de pasta desensibilizante NovaMin-fosfosilicato de sodio y calcio 5%, y 9 en el grupo de fluoruro de sodio 5% (22.600 ppm). Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados 2 semanas posterior a la aplicación y utilización domestica de los agentes desensibilizantes por un único examinador. Resultados: ambos grupos presentaron una disminución en la hipersensibilidad dentinaria, sin embargo hubo una mayor reducción en el grupo de pasta desensibilizante. Análisis estadísticos: Test de Shapiro-Wilk y Test t-Student. Conclusión: la pasta desensibilizante es más efectiva que el flúor barniz en la disminución de la hipersensibilidad dentinaria post terapia periodontal con un 95% de confianza

Desarrollo técnico y divulgación : la radio antes de la radio

Fil: Ibarra, Diego Javier. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.En agosto de 1920, cuatro jóvenes "tres de ellos médicos de la UBA" dieron inicio a la radiodifusión\nen la Argentina, que a partir de ese hecho se difundiría rapidamente por el país. Pero antes de ello, la\nrevista Caras y Caretas y en menor medida otros medios habían preparado al público publicando\nnumerosos artículos sobre esta nueva forma de comunicación

Improving time predictability of shared hardware resources in real-time multicore systems : emphasis on the space domain

Critical Real-Time Embedded Systems (CRTES) follow a verification and validation process on the timing and functional correctness. This process includes the timing analysis that provides Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) estimates to provide evidence that the execution time of the system, or parts of it, remain within the deadlines. A key design principle for CRTES is the incremental qualification, whereby each software component can be subject to verification and validation independently of any other component, with obvious benefits for cost. At timing level, this requires time composability, such that the timing behavior of a function is not affected by other functions. CRTES are experiencing an unprecedented growth with rising performance demands that have motivated the use of multicore architectures. Multicores can provide the performance required and bring the potential of integrating several software functions onto the same hardware. However, multicore contention in the access to shared hardware resources creates a dependence of the execution time of a task with the rest of the tasks running simultaneously. This dependence threatens time predictability and jeopardizes time composability. In this thesis we analyze and propose hardware solutions to be applied on current multicore designs for CRTES to improve time predictability and time composability, focusing on the on-chip bus and the memory controller. At hardware level, we propose new bus and memory controller designs that control and mitigate contention between different cores and allow to have time composability by design, also in the context of mixed-criticality systems. At analysis level, we propose contention prediction models that factor the impact of contenders and don¿t need modifications to the hardware. We also propose a set of Performance Monitoring Counters (PMC) that provide evidence about the contention. We give an special emphasis on the Space domain focusing on the Cobham Gaisler NGMP multicore processor, which is currently assessed by the European Space Agency for its future missions.Los Sistemas Críticos Empotrados de Tiempo Real (CRTES) siguen un proceso de verificación y validación para su correctitud funcional y temporal. Este proceso incluye el análisis temporal que proporciona estimaciones de el peor caso del tiempo de ejecución (WCET) para dar evidencia de que el tiempo de ejecución del sistema, o partes de él, permanecen dentro de los límites temporales. Un principio de diseño clave para los CRTES es la cualificación incremental, por la que cada componente de software puede ser verificado y validado independientemente del resto de componentes, con beneficios obvios para el coste. A nivel temporal, esto requiere composabilidad temporal, por la que el comportamiento temporal de una función no se ve afectado por otras funciones. CRTES están experimentando un crecimiento sin precedentes con crecientes demandas de rendimiento que han motivado el uso the arquitecturas multi-núcleo (multicore). Los procesadores multi-núcleo pueden proporcionar el rendimiento requerido y tienen el potencial de integrar varias funcionalidades software en el mismo hardware. A pesar de ello, la interferencia entre los diferentes núcleos que aparece en los recursos compartidos de os procesadores multi núcleo crea una dependencia del tiempo de ejecución de una tarea con el resto de tareas ejecutándose simultáneamente en el procesador. Esta dependencia amenaza la predictabilidad temporal y compromete la composabilidad temporal. En esta tésis analizamos y proponemos soluciones hardware para ser aplicadas en los diseños multi núcleo actuales para CRTES que mejoran la predictabilidad y composabilidad temporal, centrándose en el bus y el controlador de memoria internos al chip. A nivel de hardware, proponemos nuevos diseños de buses y controladores de memoria que controlan y mitigan la interferencia entre los diferentes núcleos y permiten tener composabilidad temporal por diseño, también en el contexto de sistemas de criticalidad mixta. A nivel de análisis, proponemos modelos de predicción de la interferencia que factorizan el impacto de los núcleos y no necesitan modificaciones hardware. También proponemos un conjunto de Contadores de Control del Rendimiento (PMC) que proporcionoan evidencia de la interferencia. En esta tésis, damós especial importancia al dominio espacial, centrándonos en el procesador mutli núcleo Cobham Gaisler NGMP, que está siendo actualmente evaluado por la Agencia Espacial Europea para sus futuras misiones

Improving early design stage timing modeling in multicore based real-time systems

This paper presents a modelling approach for the timing behavior of real-time embedded systems (RTES) in early design phases. The model focuses on multicore processors - accepted as the next computing platform for RTES - and in particular it predicts the contention tasks suffer in the access to multicore on-chip shared resources. The model presents the key properties of not requiring the application's source code or binary and having high-accuracy and low overhead. The former is of paramount importance in those common scenarios in which several software suppliers work in parallel implementing different applications for a system integrator, subject to different intellectual property (IP) constraints. Our model helps reducing the risk of exceeding the assigned budgets for each application in late design stages and its associated costs.This work has received funding from the European Space Agency under Project Reference AO=17722=13=NL=LvH, and has also been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant TIN2015-65316-P. Jaume Abella has been partially supported by the MINECO under Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral fellowship number RYC-2013-14717.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Validating a timing simulator for the NGMP multicore processor

Timing simulation is a key element in multicore systems design. It enables a fast and cost effective design space exploration, allowing to simulate new architectural improvements without requiring RTL abstraction levels. Timing simulation also allows software developers to perform early testing of the timing behavior of their software without the need of buying the actual physical board, which can be very expensive when the board uses non-COTS technology. In this paper we present the validation of a timing simulator for the NGMP multicore processor, which is a 4 core processor being developed to become the reference platform for future missions of the European Space Agency.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Space Agency under contract NPI 4000102880 and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain under contract TIN-2015-65316-P. Jaume Abella has been partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral fellowship number RYC-2013-14717.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Interactions between ants, treehoppers, flowers and flower visitors in cerrado vegetations : experimental study with Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss

Orientador: Paulo Sérgio Moreira Carvalho de OliveiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: As plantas e as formigas são os organismos predominantes em ecossistemas terrestres; e como tais, comumente interagem entre si. Na maioria das vezes estas interações são mutualistas, visto que formigas podem reduzir o número de herbívoros e/ou contribuir na dispersão de sementes em troca de alimento e/ou abrigo fornecido pelas plantas. No entanto, a presença de formigas nas flores é comumente considerada como uma relação antagônica, já que normalmente as formigas não as polinizam, mas sim utilizam os recursos oferecidos pelas flores aos polinizadores, reduzindo ou alterando a frequência ou eficiência da visitação de polinizadores. As interações formiga-planta são muito comuns no cerrado. Embora muitos estudos já tenham investigado os efeitos da presença das formigas nos herbívoros, ou a relação das formigas com a presença de nectários extraflorais (NEFs), o efeito da visitação de formigas a flores foi pouco estudado neste bioma. Associações entre formigas e insetos trofobiontes próximo a inflorescências podem alterar a abundância local e o comportamento de formigas, o que potencialmente perturbando as interações entre plantas e polinizadores. Byrsonima intermedia (conhecida no Brasil como murici-do-campo) é uma planta comum no bioma de cerrado. Esta planta possui elaióforos (glândulas que produzem óleo) na base das flores. O óleo produzido é coletado por abelhas, principalmente do gênero Epicharis, que em troca polinizam a planta por meio da polinização por vibração. Observações em campo permitiram evidenciar que formigas raramente visitam as inflorescências na ausência de membracídeos trofobiontes. Assim, a presente dissertação investiga os efeitos da presença da associação formiga-membracídeo na reprodução de B. intermedia. Observações naturais e manipulações experimentais em campo da presença de formigas e da associação formiga-membracídeo demonstraram que a presença de formigas nas inflorescências de B. intermedia causa uma diminuição no tempo de visita de abelhas polinizadoras, reduzindo a quantidade de frutos produzidos pela planta. Os resultados experimentais sugerem ainda que os efeitos negativos da associação formiga-membracídeo sobre a reprodução das plantas são devidos ao aumento do número de formigas nas inflorescências e não pelo efeito direto da herbivoria do membracídeoAbstract: Ants and plants are dominant organisms in terrestrial ecosystems; as such, ants are commonly found visiting plants. Often, ant presence benefits plants, reducing the number of herbivores and/or contributing to seed dispersion, and in turn, benefiting themselves by feeding and sheltering in structures offered by plants. However, the presence of ants in flowers is commonly considered as antagonistic, because ants rarely pollinate but collect floral resources, modifying and reducing other insects¿ floral visitation frequency or efficiency. Ant-plant interactions are very common in the Cerrado. Although many studies have investigated the effects of the presence of ants on herbivore attacks or the relation between ants and the presence of Extrafloral Nectaries (EFNs), the effect of ant floral visitation in this biome remains understudied. Associations between ants and honeydew-producing insects present near inflorescences can modify the local abundance and behavior of ants, potentially disturbing pollinator-plant interactions. Byrsonima intermedia (known in Brazil as murici-do-campo) is commonly found in the Cerrado savanna. This plant has elaiophores (oil-producing glands) in the base of flowers. The oil produced is collected by bees, which in turn, pollinate this plant through buzz-pollination. Field observations allowed us to confirm that ants rarely visit B. intermedia inflorescences when there are no treehoppers. Considering this, the focus of this dissertation is to study the effects of the presence of the ant-treehopper association in the reproduction of B. intermedia. Direct observation and experimental manipulations of the presence of ants and ant-treehopper association in the field showed that the presence of ants in inflorescences reduce the duration of the visit of pollinators, which, in turn, reduces the fruit set of the plant. Furthermore, the results of our experiments suggest that the negative effects of the ant-treehopper association on plant reproduction are caused by the increased number of ants visiting inflorescences and not by the herbivory effectMestradoEcologiaMestre em Ecologia2014/12486-8, 2014/23141-1FAPES

Contention-aware performance monitoring counter support for real-time MPSoCs

Tasks running in MPSoCs experience contention delays when accessing MPSoC’s shared resources, complicating task timing analysis and deriving execution time bounds. Understanding the Actual Contention Delay (ACD) each task suffers due to other corunning tasks, and the particular hardware shared resources in which contention occurs, is of prominent importance to increase confidence on derived execution time bounds of tasks. And, whenever those bounds are violated, ACD provides information on the reasons for overruns. Unfortunately, existing MPSoC designs considered in real-time domains offer limited hardware support to measure tasks’ ACD losing all these potential benefits. In this paper we propose the Contention Cycle Stack (CCS), a mechanism that extends performance monitoring counters to track specific events that allow estimating the ACD that each task suffers from every contending task on every hardware shared resource. We build the CCS using a set of specialized low-overhead Performance Monitoring Counters for the Cobham Gaisler GR740 (NGMP) MPSoC – used in the space domain – for which we show CCS’s benefits.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Space Agency under contracts 4000109680, 4000110157 and NPI 4000102880, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain under contract TIN-2015-65316-P. Jaume Abella has been partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral fellowship number RYC-2013-14717.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Heel-Raised Foot Posture and Weightlifting Shoes Do Not Affect Trunk and LowerExtremity Biomechanics during a Barbell Back Squat

Background and Purpose: It is claimed that wearing weightlifting shoes with a raised-heel can improve posture and leg muscle activation, and reduce the risk of back injuries during a barbell back squat. However, these proclaimed biomechanical effects have not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the thoracic, lumbar, and lower extremity biomechanics during barbell back squat in 3 foot posture conditions. Subjects: 14 healthy recreational weightlifters (7 male and 7 female) between the ages of 18-50 participated in the study. A minimum of 2 years weightlifting experience and regular training with the barbell back squat were required to participate in the study. Methods: The study was conducted on two separate days. The participants\u27 1-RM (1 repetition maximum) was established during Day 1. Day 2 took place at least 24 hours after, in which participants performed barbell back squats in three different conditions (barefoot on a flat surface, barefoot on a raised-heel surface, and wearing raised-heel weightlifting shoes) at 80% of their 1-RM. The order of performing the lifts under the 3 different conditions was randomized. Surface Electromyography (EMG) used to assess the activation of the knee extensors (vastus lateralis) and paraspinal muscles at L3 and T12/L1 spinal levels. A 3D motion capture system and wireless electronic goniometer recorded the kinematics of the thoracic, lumbar spine, and knee during the squat movement to a depth where the hip is at least at the same level to the knee. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the effects of foot posture conditions on the biomechanical variables of interest. Results: Results indicate that a raised-heel foot posture did not significantly affect trunk and lower extremity muscle activation [thoracic paraspinal (p=0.52), lumbar paraspinal (p=0.179), vastus lateralis (p=0.507)] or the trunk angles at terminal depth of the squat [thoracic spine (p=0.348), lumbar spine (p=0.283)]. Discussion: Our study demonstrates that foot posture does not significantly affect trunk and knee postures as well as the spinal and knee extensor muscle activations during the barbell back squat. Wearing raised-heel weightlifting shoes during the barbell back squat is unlikely to provide significant protection against back injuries for recreational weightlifters

The fanciful optimism of Miguel Sánchez-Mazas. Let us calculate... = Freedom and Justice

May 2020 marked the 25th anniversary of the death of Miguel Sánchez-Mazas, founder of Theoria. An International Journal of Theory, History and Foundations of Science, and regarded as the person who brought mathematical logic to Spain. Here we present some of his biographical features and a summary of his contributions, from his early work in the 1950s - introducing contemporary advances in logic and philosophy of science in a philosophically backward milieu dominated by the scholasticism of that era in Spain - to the development of a project of Lebnizian lineage aimed at producing an arithmetic calculation that would elude some of the difficulties confronting Leibniz’s calculus.; En mayo de 2020 se cumplen 25 años del fallecimiento de Miguel Sánchez-Mazas, fundador de Theoria. An International Journal of Theory, History and Foundations of Science y considerado como el introductor de la lógica matemática en España. En esta contribución presentamos algunos sus rasgos biográficos, así como un resumen de sus aportaciones, desde las iniciales en la década de los cincuenta del siglo XX introduciendo los avances en lógica y filosofía de la ciencia contemporáneos en un medio filosóficamente retrasado como el dominado por la escolástica de aquel tiempo en España hasta el desarrollo de un proyecto de estirpe lebniziana orientado a elaborar un cálculo aritmético que eludiera algunos de los problemas con los que se vio confrontado el calculo de Leibniz

Fotovoltaikarako gehieneko potentzia puntuaren jarraitzaile (MPPT) baten diseinu eta inplementazioa

Energia berriztagarriak ezinbestekoak dira klima-aldaketaren aurka, haien abantaila nagusiak berotegi-efektuko gasen emisio nulua eta inongo kutsaketarik eza funtzionamenduan izanez; ondorioz, erregai fosiletan oinarritutako energien aurrean energiak garbiagoak eta fidagarriagoak dira, kutsadurarekin lotutako gaixotasunak gutxituz. Hala ere, energia horren potentziala eta onurak izugarriak diren arren, mota guztietako zailtasunek haien garapena oztopatu dute. Gaur egun, badirudi aldaketa bat dagoela eta hazkundea geldiezina dela. Horrenbestez, aukera posibleen artean analisi bat egin ondoren eta ikasketetan eskuratutako gaitasunak sustatzeko nahian, Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan potentzia baxuko eguzki-panel baterako potentzia gehieneko puntuaren jarraitzaile (MPPT) bat eraiki da. Horretarako, Arduino garapen plataforma erabili da, zehazki, ATmega328P mikrokontrolagailua, Arduino Uno-arena dena. Txip horretan, MPP-aren jarraipen algoritmoa grabatu zen, kasu honetan, hobetutako perturbatu eta behatzearen algoritmo bat (P&O). Aipatutako jarraipena DC/DC bihurgailu adaptatibo baten bidez gauzatu da (buck bihurgailua), eta honi, eguzki-panelaren irteera potentziaren arabera, lan-zikloa aldatzen joango zaio. Abantailengatik, zirkuitu inprimatu (PCB) batean dena inplementatu zen, graduan ikusi ez dena eta interesgarria zirudiena. Honekin, sistema fotovoltaikoak emandako energia maximizatu egingo da eta kargara transferituko da, hau da, energia modu eraginkorrean erabiliko da, PCB-n ere barneratu den LCD baten bidez ikusi ahal izango dena, hala nola panelaren irteera potentzia edo bihurgailuarena.Las energías renovables son imprescindibles contra el cambio climático, siendo sus principales ventajas la nula emisión de gases de efecto invernadero y la ausencia de contaminación en funcionamiento, lo que las hacen unas energías más limpias y fiables frente a las energías basadas en combustibles fósiles, disminuyendo las enfermedades relacionadas con la contaminación. Sin embargo, aunque el potencial y beneficios de esta energía es enorme, todo tipo de dificultades han lastrado su desarrollo. En la actualidad, parece que hay un cambio y su crecimiento es imparable. Con lo que después de un análisis entre las posibles opciones y así fomentar las capacidades adquiridas durante los estudios, en este Trabajo de Fin Grado se ha construido un seguidor del punto de máxima potencia (MPPT) para un panel solar de baja potencia. Para ello, se usó la plataforma de desarrollo Arduino, en concreto el microcontrolador ATmega328P, el cual pertenece al Arduino UNO. En este chip, se grabó el algoritmo de seguimiento del MPP, en este caso, un algorimto mejorado de perturbar y observar (P&O). Dicho seguimiento se realizará mediante un convertidor DC/DC adaptatibo (convertidor buck), al que básicamente se le irá variando el ciclo de trabajo en función de la potencia de salida del panel solar. Debido a las ventajas, todo esto se implementó en un circuito impreso (PCB), que no se ha visto en el grado y parecía interesante. Gracias a esto, se maximizará la energía entregada por el sistema fotovoltaico y se transferirá a la carga, es decir, se utilizará la energía de manera eficiente, pudiéndolo observar mediante una LCD, que también se ha incorporado en la PCB, así como la potencia de salida del panel o la del convertidor.Renewable energies are essential against climate change, their main advantages being the practically zero emission of greenhouse gases and the absence of contamination in operation, wich makes them cleaner and more reliable energies compared to fossil fuels based energies, reducing diseases that are related to pollution. However, although the potential and benefits of this energy are enormous, all kind of difficulties have hampered its development. At present, it seems that there is a change and its growth is unstoppable. Wherewith, after an analysis between the possible options and to promote the capacities acquired during the studies, in this Final Degree Project a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) has been built for a low power solar panel. For that purpose, the Arduino development platform was used, specifically the ATmega328P microcontroller, which belongs to the Arduino UNO. In this chip, the MPP tracking algorithm was recorded, in this case, a improved version of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. This tracking will be carried out by means of an adaptative DC/DC converter (buck converter), wich will basically have the duty cicle varying depending on the output power of the solar panel. Due to the advantages, all this was implemented in a printed circuit (PCB), wich has not been seing in the grade and seemed interesting. Thanks to this, the energy delivered by the photovoltaic system will be maximized and transfered to the load, namely, the energy will be used efficiently, being able to observe in trough an LCD, wich has also being incroporated into the PCB, along with the output power of the panel or the converter