A Highly Efficient Method for Synthesis of Bisarylmethylidenes of Cyclic Ketones in [BMIm]Cl/NaOH System as New and Recyclable Catalyst

An ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride[BMIm]Cl/sodium hydroxide system, was employed as a catalyst for the fast and one-pot crossed aldol-condensation of various aromatic aldehydes and cyclic ketones, to produce a variety of substituted α,α'-bis(benzylidene)-cycloalkanones under neat conditions. This process is simple, efficient and environmentally benign and proceeds in high yield and short reaction times. The ionic liquid can be recycled for subsequent reactions without any appreciable loss of efficiency

Identifying factors fostering organizational communication and organizational empathy: A study on employees of University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

The present study is a descriptive correlational research which seeks to identity the factors affecting the improvement of communication and organizational empathy. The statistical sample included 164 employees of University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, who were selected according to Cochran’s formula. The data were collected through questionnaires and were analyzed in SPSS based on descriptive-inferential statistics including Pearson’s correlation coefficient at the level of α=0.05. Factors affecting organizational communication were divided into three groups: human, organizational and communicative. The groups totally covered 9 items. The findings indicated that the three aspects of human, organizational and communication as well as their sub-groups (regardless of directions of communication) affected organizational communication

Identifying factors fostering organizational communication and organizational empathy: A study on employees of University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

The present study is a descriptive correlational research which seeks to identity the factors affecting the improvement of communication and organizational empathy. The statistical sample included 164 employees of University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, who were selected according to Cochran’s formula. The data were collected through questionnaires and were analyzed in SPSS based on descriptive-inferential statistics including Pearson’s correlation coefficient at the level of α=0.05. Factors affecting organizational communication were divided into three groups: human, organizational and communicative. The groups totally covered 9 items. The findings indicated that the three aspects of human, organizational and communication as well as their sub-groups (regardless of directions of communication) affected organizational communication

Designing an Educational Effectiveness Model for the Employees of the Selected Organization with a System Dynamics Approach

The purpose of this research is to design an educational effectiveness model for the employees of the selected organization with a system dynamics approach in Iran. In order to achieve the research goal, a sequential mixed method has been used, which includes two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part of the research, interview has been used. Necessary information and data were collected from experts and senior managers of the selected organization and then the design of the educational effectiveness model for the employees of the selected organization with a dynamic system approach has been validated. The research results showed that the educational effectiveness model for the employees of selected organization with a system dynamics approach has two parts: the main factors and their indicators. This model has been composed of indicators that are the core and heart of this model and are the basis for evaluating the educational effectiveness, which are called effective factors. The educational effectiveness model for the employees of the selected organization with a system dynamics approach has 7 main factors: learner's readiness, training need assessment, training targeting, training program design, resources and equipment allocation, course monitoring and evaluation and training course management, which includes 56 indicators composing it.

Analysing the form of the confined uniaxial compression curve of various soils

International audienceThe soil compaction by vehicles is a major factor responsible for physical degradation of cultivated soils. Uniaxial confined compression tests are usually performed to characterise the compaction properties of soil. Two main forms of compression curve have been observed: (i) the bi-linear curve having an elastic rebound curve at low stresses and a linear virgin compression curve at higher stresses; (ii) the S-shaped curve having deviation of the virgin compression curve at high stresses. In the present work, uniaxial confined compression tests were performed on four soils having various textures and different plasticity. Tests were performed on undisturbed and remould samples, at various initial dry bulk densities and water contents. The S-shaped compression curves were observed more frequently when the clay content and/or the initial water content were high. In addition, the S-shaped curves were observed more frequently on remould soils than on undisturbed soils. The difference between the compression of air-filled pores and that of meso-pores storing water subjected to high capillary forces could explain the observed S-shaped curves

Conservative Treatment of an Invaginated Maxillary Lateral Incisor with a C-shaped Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

This report describes the non-surgical treatment of an invaginated maxillary lateral incisor with two fused roots. The mesial root had a C-shaped canal, while the distal one had a type III dens invagination. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to help with the diagnosis and treatment decision making. Clinical and radiographic follow-up revealed satisfactory periapical repair and absence of symptoms after 15 months.Keywords: C-Shaped Canal; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dens Invagination; Dens Invaginatus; Dens in Dente; Invaginated Teeth; Maxillary Lateral Inciso

Lexicalization vs. Vocalization: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Emphasis in English and Persian

Abstract Language is a system of verbal elements that makes communication of meanings possible in the manners the users intend by employing certain linguistic devices which are partly language-specific. Once communicating cross-linguistically, there is always a risk of negative transfer of techniques or processes from the first language (L1) to the foreign language (L2). The current study investigates the "emphasis" issue and how it is encoded and performed as a speech act in Persian and English. The investigation, based on a descriptive method, begins by verifying overstated and understated utterances in English and Persian individually and then proceeds to evaluate the 2 bodies of data against each other. As observed in the case of Iranian learners of English, the process of emphasizing through phonological devices is heavily transferred. English mainly applies lexicalization, whereas vocalization is the preferred process in Persian. The tenets of this study may be of insight for theories of SLA. They also promise to ease English learning tasks by reducing students' negative transfer from their mother tongue

A New Fuzzy Stabilizer Based on Online Learning Algorithm for Damping of Low-Frequency Oscillations

A multi objective Honey Bee Mating Optimization (HBMO) designed by online learning mechanism is proposed in this paper to optimize the double Fuzzy-Lead-Lag (FLL) stabilizer parameters in order to improve low-frequency oscillations in a multi machine power system. The proposed double FLL stabilizer consists of a low pass filter and two fuzzy logic controllers whose parameters can be set by the proposed multi objective optimization process. A multilayer adaptive network is employed to design the fuzzy logic controller with self-learning capability that does not require another controller to tune the fuzzy inference rules and membership functions. In the proposed online learning algorithm, two artificial neural networks are employed which this system makes the FLL stabilizer adaptive to changes in the operating conditions. Therefore, variation in the power system response, under a wide range of operating conditions, is less compared to the system response with a fixed-parameter conventional controller. The effectiveness of the proposed stabilizer has been employed by simulation studies. The effectiveness of the proposed stabilizer is demonstrated on Two-Area Four-Machine (TAFM) power system under different loading conditions

Health risk assessment of heavy metal intake due to fish consumption in the Sistan region, Iran

The heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) content of a fish species consumed by the Sistan population and its associated health risk factors were investigated. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were slightly higher than the standard levels. The Ni content of fish was below the maximum guideline proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). The average estimated weekly intake was significantly below the provisional tolerable intake based on the FAO and WHO standards for all studied metals. The target hazard quotients (THQ) of all metals were below 1, showing an absence of health hazard for the population of Sistan. The combined target hazard quotient for the considered metals was 26.94 × 10â��3. The cancer risk factor for Pb (1.57 × 10â��7) was below the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk (10â��5). The results of this study reveal an almost safe level of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni contents in the fish consumed by the Sistan population