Escaping the Echo Chamber: Perspectives on Immigrant Representations in the Exhibition Space

As a growing number of artists and curators have been using their works to express concern regarding the renewed discourse on migration in Europe, representations of migrant people have become more frequent in cultural institutions. The focus put on the figure of the migrant however raises some questions, notably concerning the ethics of representation. Indeed, while a strong focus is put on individual testimonies, the narrativisation of migrants’ experiences simultaneously runs the risk of invisibilising the broader contemporary border control systems, central to the functioning of migrations today. Works designed to produce empathetic reactions in the viewer through testimonies might paradoxically contribute to the silencing of migrants’ claims, while also failing to address the specific bureaucratic processes used by migratory control systems, at play in the making of what news media have been calling the ‘refugee crisis’ since 2015. In order to discuss and question current issues with the ways migrations tend to be represented, as well as possibilities for different representations, this paper will analyze and compare two artworks: Libia Castro and Olafur Olafsson’s audio sculpture Bosbolobosbocoand Lawrence Abu Hamdan’s Conflicted Phonemes, displayed at the 2016 exhibition Voices Outside the Echo Chamber: Questioning Myths, Facts and Framings of Migration, at the Framer Framed Gallery in Amsterdam in 2016. As the two works present radically different perspectives on the representation of migrations and migrant people, this article will propose a critical understanding of the different strategies they adopt, and how such strategies might impact social praxis.

Supplementations of industrial multichamber parenteral nutrition bags in critically ill children: safety of the practice

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is sometimes required in critically ill children because of contraindication or intolerance to full enteral nutrition. European guidelines recommend favoring multichamber bag PN (MCB PN), when possible, for quality purposes and ease of use. The prescribers may adjust the MCB PN through supplementations to better fulfill patient needs. The objective of this study is to investigate the use and supplementations of MCB PN. This observational, single-center, retrospective study was conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We collected prescriptions of MCB PNs and their supplementations added directly into PN bags. A descriptive analysis and a comparison of electrolyte supplementations with the manufacturer's recommendations were undertaken. One hundred thirty-five children (median age 39.2 months [7.0-118.8]) were included, 1449 MCB PNs were administered, and 1652 supplementations were carried out in 736 PN bags. Thirty-two percent of supplementations were vitamins, 32.2% were trace elements, and 35.8% were electrolytes. Around 10% of electrolyte supplementations in PN bags were outside the manufacturer's recommendations. These nonconformities primarily concerned phosphate. This study showed the real-world clinical use of MCB PN in the PICU. Proper attention should be paid to septic risks and physicochemical risks to ensure efficient practice and safety of MCB PN use. [Abstract copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Nutrition in Clinical Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

Increase of recurrent central line-associated bloodstream infections in children with home parenteral nutrition in a rehabilitation care facility compared to home

International audienceBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are the main complication in children with home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and some patients develop recurrent CLABSIs (REC-CLABSIs), defined as two or more infections within six months. Our aims were to assess the incidence and to characterize the risk factors of REC-CLABSIs in children with HPN. METHODS: We characterized 79 HPN children from 2014 to 2019 and calculated the incidence of CLABSIs. To minimize the risk of bias related to the exposure time of the septic risk, we paired the patients according to their central venous catheter (CVC) dwell time. After analyzing the whole cohort, a univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression was performed on the paired cohort. RESULTS: We included 75 (94.9%) children with a mean age of 7.11 years. The rate of septicemia was 1.55/1000 CVC days, mainly with Staphyloccocus sp. The patients with recurrent CLABSIs (REC group) represented 25% of the cohort, with an incidence of 2.99/1000 CVC days. In the whole cohort, a higher risk of recurrent infections was significantly associated with a longer CVC dwell time (OR = 1.04, IC 95% [1.01-1.06], p = 0.004), and with care located in rehabilitation care facilities (RCF) compared to home (OR = 6, IC 95% [1.5-26.6], p = 0.012). When children were paired according to their CVC dwell time, only in univariate analysis did the care in RCF remain significant (OR = 6.27, IC 95% [1.21-32.5], p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent CLABSIs incidence was 2.99/1000 CVC days. Our study suggests that preventive measures should be implemented especially in RCFs to reduce the proportion of children with recurrent infections. A multicenter study is needed to confirm our results in a larger cohort with several RCFs