Growth and labour markets in developing countries

In middle-income countries, the informal sector often accounts for a substantial fraction of urban employment. We develop a general equilibrium model with matching frictions in the urban labour market, the possibility of self-employment in the informal sector, and scope for rural-urban migration. We investigate the effects of different types of growth on wages and the informal sector, and the extent to which labour market institutions can influence aggregate productivity. We quantify these effects by calibrating the model to data for Mexico, a country with a sizeable informal sector and significant labour market rigidities.

Non-recurrence sets for weakly mixing linear dynamical systems

We study non-recurrence sets for weakly mixing dynamical systems by using linear dynamical systems. These are systems consisting of a bounded linear operator acting on a separable complex Banach space X, which becomes a probability space when endowed with a non-degenerate Gaussian measure. We generalize some recent results of Bergelson, del Junco, Lema\'nczyk and Rosenblatt, and show in particular that sets \{n_k\} such that n_{k+1}/{n_k} tends to infinity, or such that n_{k} divides n_{k+1} for each k, are non-recurrence sets for weakly mixing linear dynamical systems. We also give examples, for each r, of r-Bohr sets which are non-recurrence sets for some weakly mixing systems

Growth and labour markets in developing countries

In middle-income countries, the informal sector often accounts for a substantial fraction of urban employment. We develop a general equilibrium model with matching frictions in the urban labour market, the possibility of self-employment in the informal sector, and scope for rural-urban migration. We investigate the effects of different types of growth on wages and the informal sector, and the extent to which labour market institutions can influence aggregate productivity. We quantify these effects by calibrating the model to data for Mexico, a country with a sizeable informal sector and significant labour market rigidities.informal sector, urban unemployment, dual economies, matching frictions

Rural Perspective towards Financial Inclusion

Financial Inclusion or inclusive financing is the delivery of financial services at affordable costs to sections of disadvantaged and low-income segments of society, in contrast to financial exclusion where those services are not available or affordable. For the purpose of giving such financial services in easy and convenient way government has developed many financial plans in the rural areas. These plans are helpful for people who want to access financial services. The availability of banking and payment services to the entire population without discrimination is the prime objective of this public policy. Thus the term Financial Inclusion can be defined as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups at an affordable cost. The nations should takeover and remedy to reach the financial services to the weaker sections. So, this study has been undertaken to analyse the prospects of financial inclusion in rural areas.Keywords. Bank, Financial Services, Financial Inclusion, Rural Perspective.JEL. G20, G29, G30

How square is the policy frontier ?

This paper assesses the implications of discounting on a result derived by Bean (1998): that in a model of monetary policy where policy acts with a lag, the outcomes of monetary policy are very similar for a wide range of weightings of the (non-discounting) monetary authority's objective function, with respect to inflation stability versus output stability. We show that when the authority discounts the future, outcomes become more sensitive to preferences, and that it is important to take the discount rate into account when examining the question of how the authority's remit should be specified.

Optimal Fiscal Policy Rules in a Monetary Union

This paper investigates the importance of ?scal policy in providing macroeconomic stabilisation in a monetary union. We use a microfounded New Keynesian model of a monetary union which incorporates persistence in in?ation and non-Ricardian consumers, and derive optimal simple rules for ?scal authorities. We ?nd that ?scal policy can play an important role in reacting to in?ation, output and the terms of trade, but that not much is lost if national ?scal policy is restricted to react, on the one hand, to national di?erences in in?ation and, on the other hand, to either national di?erences in output or changes in the terms of trade. However, welfare is reduced if national ?scal policy responds only to output, ignoring in?ation.Optimal monetary and fiscal policies, Monetary union, Simple rules

Indoor positioning system survey using BLE beacons

This project provides a survey of indoor positioning systems and reports experimental work with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Beacons. A positioning algorithm based on the Received Signal Strength Index (RSSI) from Bluetooth Low Energy signals is proposed for indoor tracking of the position of a drone. Experimental tests for characterization of beacon signals are presented. The application of a Kalman filter to reduce the effect of fluctuations in beacons signals is described

Incidence and Clinico-Pathological Features of Triple Negative Receptors Status in Carcinoma Breast in Our Institution

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females in urban India and is rapidly catching up with cervical cancer in rural India. An estimated about 1 Million cases of breast carcinoma has been diagnosed annually worldwide. Of these, more than 170,000cases are diagnosed as Triple-Negative. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is defined by the lack of protein expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and the absence of HER2 protein over expression. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15% of breast cancers. • TNBC is a Very aggressive tumour, poor prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival, • No effective specific targeted therapy is available for TNBC, • There is a clustering of TNBC cases in premenopausal women. The prevalence of TNBC is highest in premenopausal African American women; a recent report notes that 39% of all African American Premenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer are diagnosed with TNBC. Currently, effective treatment options are limited to chemotherapy, but the majority of patients who fail to achieve pathologic complete response after chemotherapy has unfavorable prognosis. AIM OF THE STUDY: Carcinoma breast is one of the most common cancer diagnosed and one of the most common cause of cancer related mortality. The aim of the study is to determine Incidence of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) in Stanley, To analyze the ClinicoPathological features of Triple Negative breast cancer and to compare it with reports from other regions of the world. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The material for our prospective study was conducted in Department Of General Surgery And Dept Of Medical Oncology in GOVERNMENT STANLEY MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, CHENNAI 1, From October 2015 to September 2016 (12 months duration). ALL NEW CASES OF CARCINOMA BREAST Patients who attended Stanley Medical College for treatment were subjected to Trucut Biopsy. For all patients, the pathology was reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and the hormonal receptor and Her-2-neu status. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of all triple negative cases which were diagnosed in this period. The TNM staging was based on clinical and radiological findings, Later all cases has been followed up for treatment details. DISCUSSION: Incidence was very high (28%) in our study when compared to all others, mean age was 48.6yrs which is slightly lower when compared to Study done in mayo clinic (59.7yrs) Singapore (53yrs) Egyptian (52yrs). Premenopausal Status was lower (57.4%) when compared to Mulago (74%), Turkey (70%0), Bauer et al (64.6%) and it was slightly higher when compared to North India (52%) and Egyptians (48%). Parity more than 3 was lower (57.4%) when compared with North India study (71%). IDC is more common in our Study group (94%) along with Japan (95%), Singapore (93%) and Egyptian (93%). Grade 3 was more in all study groups highest in Japan (92%). Lymphovascular Invasion is also common (58%) in our study highest seen in North India (70%). Stage II with T2 lesion is more common in our Study (47%) which was lower when compared to other studies. Nodal spread (83%) and Metastasis (23%) is more common in our study when compared to other studies. CONCLUSION: Incidence rate of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is higher in our study, Affecting younger females with no significant risk factors or family history, Associated with significant poor prognostic factors like Nodal spread positivity, High grade tumor, Intra Ductal Carcinoma type, Lymphovascular invasion and metastasis. Therefore this study Shows TNBC is Very Aggressive tumor with increasing incidence rate among South Indian Population and this finding throws more light on the need for treatment strategies to be better tailored to effectively treat the TNBC patients