Preoperative Anemia as a Negative Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Retrospective Study

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to check the effects of Anemia on mortality and morbidity in patients having ischemic heart disease and undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODOLOGY The study involved all the patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery from July 2019 to December 2022. The clinical data of patients was retrospectively collected from the departmental data pool and was then analyzed using the chi-square test and t-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTSThe study included 2570 patients who underwent isolated CABG; 78.2% of patients were males with a mean age of 57.87±9.20. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (68.9%), followed by dyslipidemia (53.7%) & Diabetes mellitus (49.9%). The preoperative mean hematocrit was 30.05±17.85. Of these 2570 patients, 52.37% were anaemic with a mean age of 58.69±9.05. Anemic patients had a significantly higher rate of IABP insertion (P 0.02) and intra-operative blood product transfusion (P <0.001). Anemic patients had a significantly higher incidence of in-hospital mortality (P 0.04) and a higher rate of postoperative blood product transfusion (P <0.001). There is no significant difference in terms of prolonged ventilation, reintubation, or readmission to ICU; however, nonanemic patients have a significantly higher rate of re-opening for bleeding/ tamponade (P 0.01). CONCLUSION Preoperative anaemia increases the mortality and morbidity in ischemic heart disease patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. To improve the outcomes in CABG surgery, preoperative anaemia should be thoroughly investigated and treated to improve the outcomes of surgery

Effect of partial replacement of cement by silica fume on strength of high-strength concrete

Silica fume is a component of high-strength concrete, which is one of the most important factors in concrete strength. Silica fume is a by-product resulting from the reduction of high-purity quartz with coal, coke, and wood chips in an arc furnace during the production of silicon metal or silicon alloys. The effects of silica fume on the strength of concrete have been shown in the results of the research. Many studies have been done on concrete technology, which has led to various advances in this field. The strength of the concrete is greatly influenced by its ingredients, including silica fume. The materials used in this research can be found in Kabul, and these materials have been selected for laboratory work that can be tested by standard laboratories. In this research, the effects of silica fume on the compressive and tensile strengths of concrete have been studied. In the laboratory work, in addition to the basic ingredients such as cement, sand, gravel, and water, additional admixtures such as silica fume and superplasticizer have been used. The concrete specimen tests have been conducted according to ASTM standards. In this research, the cement is partially replaced with Silica Fume. The same concrete mixtures with different amounts of silica fume (0%, 10% and 15%). The objective of this research is to comprehensively determine the effect of silica fume on high-strength concrete. The result shows that as the amount of silica fume increases up to 10%, the compressive and tensile strengths of concrete also increase, but when the amount of silica fume increases to 15%, the compressive strength of concrete decreases but the tensile strength increases

Integrated Evaluation of Urban Water Bodies for Pollution Abatement Based on Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision Approach

Today’s ecology is erected with miscellaneous framework. However, numerous sources deteriorate it, such as urban rivers that directly cause the environmental pollution. For chemical pollution abatement from urban water bodies, many techniques were introduced to rehabilitate the water quality of these water bodies. In this research, Bacterial Technology (BT) was applied to urban rivers escalating the necessity to control the water pollution in different places (Xuxi River (XXU); Gankeng River (GKS); Xia Zhang River (XZY); Fenghu and Song Yang Rivers (FSR); Jiu Haogang River (JHH)) in China. For data analysis, the physiochemical parameters such as temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) were determined before and after the treatment. Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) method was used for relative significance of different water quality on each station, based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). The overall results revealed that the pollution is exceeding at “JHH” due to the limit of “COD” as critical water quality parameter and after treatment, an abrupt recovery of the rivers compared with the average improved efficiency of nutrients was 79%, 74%, 68%, and 70% of COD, DO, TP, and NH3N, respectively. The color of the river’s water changed to its original form and aquatic living organism appeared with clear effluents from them

Synthesis and biocompatibility of self-assembling multi-tailed resorcinarene-based supramolecular amphiphile

Nano-vesicles of multi-tailed macrocycle molecules have demonstrated a great ability to enhance the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. In this study, amphiphilic multi-tailed resorcinarene (MTR) derivative was synthesised in two steps reaction by O-alkylation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and then condensation with resorcinol. The synthesised amphiphilic macrocycle was characterized by H-1-NMR, FT-IR and mass spectrometry. Self-assembly and aggregation behaviour of amphiphilic macrocycle was studied in aqueous medium and vesicles were characterised for morphology, critical micelle concentration (CMC), size and surface potential and cellular biocompatibility. The self-assembling ability of MTR was used for one-step loading of hydrophobic drug, i.e. clarithromycin. MTR presented a low CMC value, i.e. 0.055 mM and formed niosomal vesicles with a mean diameter of 210 +/- 2 nm, narrow size distribution and 65.12 +/- 3.31% drug entrapment efficiency. MTR vesicles showed sustained in vitro drug release while maximum drug release was achieved at 8 h. Biocompatibility of MTR was investigated with blood haemolysis and cytotoxicity assays. The results indicated suitability of MRT as amphiphilic macromolecular surfactant