Late Triassic to Jurassic Magmatic and Tectonic Evolution of the Intermontane Terranes in Yukon, Northern Canadian Cordillera: Transition From Arc to Syn-Collisional Magmatism and Post-Collisional Lithospheric Delamination

End-on arc collision and onset of the northern Cordilleran orogen is recorded in Late Triassic to Jurassic plutons in the Intermontane terranes of Yukon, and in development of the synorogenic Whitehorse trough (WT). A synthesis of the extensive data set for these plutons supports interpretation of the magmatic and tectonic evolution of the northern Intermontane terranes. Late Triassic juvenile plutons that locally intrude the Yukon-Tanana terrane represent the northern extension of arc magmatism within Stikinia. Early Jurassic plutons that intrude Stikinia and Yukon-Tanana terranes were emplaced during crustal thickening (200–195 Ma) and subsequent exhumation (190–178 Ma). The syn-collisional magmatism migrated to the south and shows increasing crustal contributions with time. This style of magmatism in Yukon contrasts with coeval, juvenile arc magmatism in British Columbia (Hazelton Group), that records southward arc migration in the Early Jurassic. Exhumation and subsidence of the WT in the north were probably linked to the retreating Hazelton arc by a sinistral transform. East of WT, Early Jurassic plutons intruded into Yukon-Tanana record continued arc magmatism in Quesnellia. Middle Jurassic plutons were intruded after final enclosure of the Cache Creek terrane and imbrication of the Intermontane terranes. The post-collisional plutons have juvenile isotopic compositions that, together with stratigraphic evidence of surface uplift, are interpreted to record asthenospheric upwelling and lithospheric delamination. A revised tectonic model proposes that entrapment of the Cache Creek terrane was the result of Hazelton slab rollback and development of a sinistral transform fault system linked to the collision zone to the north

N-arachidonylglycine is a caloric state-dependent circulating metabolite which regulates human CD4+T cell responsiveness

Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Zoe Hall and Sonia Liggi of the University of Cambridge Biochemistry Department for their contributions to metabolomics analysis and data processing. Shahin Hassanzadeh of the Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism for developing the PBMC RNAseq library.Matthew Rodman of the Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism for preparing lean/obese samples. Dr. Duck-Yeon Lee of the NHLBI Biochemistry Core for NAGly analysis in cell culture. Special thanks to the National Institutes of Health Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program and the International Biomedical Research Alliance for their sponsorship and support. Funding: NHLBI Division of Intramural Research (MNS – ZIA-HL005199) and the UK MRC (JLG – MR/P011705/2; UKDRI-5002; MAPUK).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Collection of Aerosolized Human Cytokines Using Teflon® Filters

Background: Collection of exhaled breath samples for the analysis of inflammatory biomarkers is an important area of research aimed at improving our ability to diagnose, treat and understand the mechanisms of chronic pulmonary disease. Current collection methods based on condensation of water vapor from exhaled breath yield biomarker levels at or near the detection limits of immunoassays contributing to problems with reproducibility and validity of biomarker measurements. In this study, we compare the collection efficiency of two aerosol-to-liquid sampling devices to a filter-based collection method for recovery of dilute laboratory generated aerosols of human cytokines so as to identify potential alternatives to exhaled breath condensate collection. Methodology/Principal Findings: Two aerosol-to-liquid sampling devices, the SKC® Biosampler and Omni 3000™, as well as Teflon® filters were used to collect aerosols of human cytokines generated using a HEART nebulizer and single-pass aerosol chamber setup in order to compare the collection efficiencies of these sampling methods. Additionally, methods for the use of Teflon® filters to collect and measure cytokines recovered from aerosols were developed and evaluated through use of a high-sensitivity multiplex immunoassay. Our results show successful collection of cytokines from pg/m3 aerosol concentrations using Teflon® filters and measurement of cytokine levels in the sub-picogram/mL concentration range using a multiplex immunoassay with sampling times less than 30 minutes. Significant degradation of cytokines was observed due to storage of cytokines in concentrated filter extract solutions as compared to storage of dry filters. Conclusions: Use of filter collection methods resulted in significantly higher efficiency of collection than the two aerosol-to-liquid samplers evaluated in our study. The results of this study provide the foundation for a potential new technique to evaluate biomarkers of inflammation in exhaled breath samples

An aging Interventions Testing Program: study design and interim report

The National Institute on Aging's Interventions Testing Program (ITP) has developed a plan to evaluate agents that are considered plausible candidates for delaying rates of aging. Key features include: (i) use of genetically heterogeneous mice (a standardized four-way cross), (ii) replication at three test sites (the Jackson Laboratory, TJL; University of Michigan, UM; and University of Texas, UT), (iii) sufficient statistical power to detect 10 changes in lifespan, (iv) tests for age-dependent changes in T cell subsets and physical activity, and (v) an annual solicitation for collaborators who wish to suggest new interventions for evaluation. Mice in the first cohort were exposed to one of four agents: aspirin, nitroflurbiprofen (NFP), 4-OH- -phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (4-OH-PBN), or nordihydroguiaretic acid (NDGA). An interim analysis was conducted using survival data available on the date at which at least 50 of the male control mice had died at each test site. Survival of control males was significantly higher, at the interim time-point, at UM than at UT or TJL; all three sites had similar survival of control females. Males in the NDGA group had significantly improved survival ( P 0.0004), with significant effects noted at TJL ( P < 0.01) and UT ( P < 0.04). None of the other agents altered survival, although there was a suggestion ( P 0.07) of a beneficial effect of aspirin in males. More data will be needed to determine if any of these compounds can extend maximal lifespan, but the current data show that NDGA reduces early life mortality risks in genetically heterogeneous mice at multiple test sites.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74625/1/j.1474-9726.2007.00311.x.pd

Sulfatide Recognition by Colonization Factor Antigen CS6 from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

The first step in the pathogenesis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections is adhesion of the bacterium to the small intestinal epithelium. Adhesion of ETEC is mediated by a number of antigenically distinct colonization factors, and among these, one of the most commonly detected is the non-fimbrial adhesin coli surface antigen 6 (CS6). The potential carbohydrate recognition by CS6 was investigated by binding of recombinant CS6-expressing E. coli and purified CS6 protein to a large number of variant glycosphingolipids separated on thin-layer chromatograms. Thereby, a highly specific binding of the CS6-expressing E. coli, and the purified CS6 protein, to sulfatide (SO3-3Galβ1Cer) was obtained. The binding of the CS6 protein and CS6-expressing bacteria to sulfatide was inhibited by dextran sulfate, but not by dextran, heparin, galactose 4-sulfate or galactose 6-sulfate. When using recombinantly expressed and purified CssA and CssB subunits of the CS6 complex, sulfatide binding was obtained with the CssB subunit, demonstrating that the glycosphingolipid binding capacity of CS6 resides within this subunit. CS6-binding sulfatide was present in the small intestine of species susceptible to CS6-mediated infection, e.g. humans and rabbits, but lacking in species not affected by CS6 ETEC, e.g. mice. The ability of CS6-expressing ETEC to adhere to sulfatide in target small intestinal epithelium may thus contribute to virulence

Response to Comment on “Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale”

Hülsmann and Hartig suggest that ecological mechanisms other than specialized natural enemies or intraspecific competition contribute to our estimates of conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). To address their concern, we show that our results are not the result of a methodological artifact and present a null-model analysis that demonstrates that our original findings—(i) stronger CNDD at tropical relative to temperate latitudes and (ii) a latitudinal shift in the relationship between CNDD and species abundance—persist even after controlling for other processes that might influence spatial relationships between adults and recruits

A greve, o carnaval e os comícios: O mundo do trabalho portuário em Buenos Aires e a configuração de uma comunidade obreira, verão de 1904

Objetivo/contexto: El presente trabajo indaga sobre el proceso de configuración de una comunidad obrera en el puerto de Buenos Aires, resultado de la acción de los trabajadores y habitantes del barrio obrero a inicios del siglo XX. Originalidad: En el cruce de diversas historiografías (historia social, cultural y política), aquí se propone mirar de manera conjunta la dimensión laboral, la conflictividad obrera, el tiempo de la fiesta o carnaval y la participación electoral, para pensar, desde esta multiplicidad de eventos y experiencias, la aparición de una comunidad obrera radicalizada y con una particular identificación gestada en la movilización durante una época específica a comienzos del siglo XX. Metodología: A partir de una coyuntura significativa, como fueron los meses de fines de 1903 e inicios de 1904 en el barrio portuario, y basado en un variado conjunto de documentos (periódicos comerciales, barriales, gremiales, de las izquierdas, revistas de actualidad, informes policiales, fotografías, entre otros), el artículo reconstruye la experiencia obrera en los escenarios de la protesta, el carnaval y la votación para diputados celebrada durante ese verano. Al mismo tiempo, se ponderan aquí la dimensión territorial de la configuración comunitaria y los lugares centrales de la trama conformada por la protesta, la fiesta y las elecciones. Conclusiones: El análisis permite identificar que las sociabilidades obreras en el puerto consolidaron una comunidad, afincada en solidaridades familiares, corporativas, partidistas y vecinales obreras, en tiempos de movilización gremial, política y festiva, y de confrontación radicalizada con el Estado y las empresas.Objective/context: This paper inquires about the process of emergence of a working-class community in the port of Buenos Aires, resulting from actions by workers and inhabitants of the working-class neighborhood at the beginning of the 20th century. Originality: At the crossroads of diverse historiographies (social, cultural and political history), this paper proposes a joint regard at the labor dimension, worker disputes, carnival celebrations and electoral participation, and to use this multiplicity of events and experiences to think about the emergence of a radicalized worker community, with a particular identity gestated in the mobilization during a specific time at the beginning of the 20th century. Methodology: The months from late 1903 to early 1904 were an important juncture in the port district, and based on a diverse set of documents (commercial, neighborhood, trade and left-wing newspapers, news magazines, police reports, photographs, among others), this paper reconstructs the worker experience in three settings converging in the summer months: protest, carnival and legislative polls. At the same time, it ponders the territorial dimension of community configuration and the key places that formed the backdrop to a story of protest, celebration, and elections. Conclusions: This analysis shows us that worker sociabilities around the port consolidated a community based on family, corporate, partisan, neighborhood and worker solidarities, in times of labor, political and festive mobilization, and of radicalized confrontation with the State and with corporations.Objetivo/contexto: O presente trabalho indaga sobre o processo de configuração de uma comunidade obreira no porto de Buenos Aires, resultado da ação dos trabalhadores e habitantes do bairro obreiro no início do século XX. Originalidade: No cruzamento de diversas historiografias (história social, cultural e política), propõe-se aqui observar, de maneira conjunta, a dimensão laboral, a conflituosidade obreira, o tempo da festa ou carnaval e a participação eleitoral para pensar, a partir dessa multiplicidade de eventos e experiências, a aparição de uma comunidade obreira radicalizada e com uma identificação particular gestada na mobilização durante uma época específica no começo do século XX. Metodologia: A partir de uma conjuntura significativa, como foi o final de 1903 e início de 1904 no bairro portuário e baseado em um variado conjunto de documentos (jornais comerciais, de bairros, de grêmios, das esquerdas, revistas de atualidades, relatórios policiais, fotografias, entre outros), o artigo reconstrói a experiência obreira nos cenários do protesto, do carnaval e da votação para deputados celebrada nesse verão. Ao mesmo tempo, ponderam-se aqui a dimensão territorial da configuração comunitária e os lugares centrais da trama formada pelo protesto, pela festa e pelas eleições. Conclusões: A análise permite identificar que as sociabilidades obreiras no porto consolidaram uma comunidade, estabelecida em solidariedades familiares, corporativas, partidaristas e de vizinhanças obreiras, em tempos de mobilização gremial, política e festiva, e de confronto radicalizado com o Estado e com as empresas.Fil: Caruso, Laura Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales. Centro de Estudios de Historia E Historia del Arte.; Argentin

The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [1] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [2]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives