Oxygen diffusion barrier coating

A method for coating a titanium panel or foil with aluminum and amorphous silicon to provide an oxygen barrier abrogating oxidation of the substrate metal is developed. The process is accomplished with known inexpensive procedures common in materials research laboratories, i.e., electron beam deposition and sputtering. The procedures are conductive to treating foil gage titanium and result in submicron layers which virtually add no weight to the titanium. There are no costly heating steps. The coatings blend with the substrate titanium until separate mechanical properties are subsumed by those of the substrate without cracking or spallation. This method appreciably increases the ability of titanium to mechanically perform in high thermal environments such as those witnessed on structures of space vehicles during re-entr

Oxidation characteristics of Ti-14Al-21Nb ingot alloy

Static oxidation kinetics of Ti14Al21Nb (wt pct) ingot alloy were studied in air over the temperature interval of 649 to 1093 C in a thermogravimetric apparatus. The oxidation products were characterized by x ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, energy dispersive x ray analysis, and Auger electron spectroscopy. Cross-sections of the oxidized samples were also examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The oxidation rate was substantially lower than the conventional alloys of titanium, but the kinetics displayed a complex behavior involving two or more oxidation rates depending on the temperature and duration of exposure. The primary oxide formed was TiO2, but this oxide was doped with Nb. Small amounts of Al2O3 and TiN were also present in the scale. Diffusion of oxygen into the alloy was observed and the diffusivity seemed to be dependent on the microstructure of the metal. A model was presented to explain the oxidation behavior of the alloy in terms of the reduction in the oxygen diffusivity in the oxide caused by the modification of the defect structure of TiO2 by Nb ions

Ocular Discomfort Upon Tear Drying

Purpose: Assess the relationship between tear film drying and sensation between blinks. Methods: MATLAB sampled a slitlamp video camera, a potentiometer and a microphone while subjects kept one eye open for as long as possible. 23 subjects rated the intensity of the ocular sensation while video and voice data were collected simultaneously. The tear drying on the cornea was measured. Results: The sensation was triphasic. Two linear functions described the latter 2 parts of the data (r ≥ 0. 95). The correlation between TBUT and the elbow in the time-discomfort function was 0. 72. Extent of tear film drying was linearly correlated to time (median correlation = 0. 88). The correlation between the discomfort elbow and image elbow was 0. 93 with single data pair for each subject. Analysis of sensation characteristics showed significant differences between itching and burning for both intensity and time (p = 0. 03 and p = 0. 02 respectively). Conclusions: Simultaneous recording of ocular surface appearance, discomfort intensity and attributes of sensation provide novel information about the development of discomfort during ocular surface drying. The rapid increase in discomfort proceeding blinking has been quantified and the relationship between the time course of drying and discomfort is elucidated

EVALUATION OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ALLIUM CEPA AERIAL LEAVES

Objective: The present work deals with the study of the ethanolic extract of fruits of Allium cepa aerial leaves for cardioprotective activity.Methods: Cardioprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of aerial leaves of Allium cepa was determined by the administration of isoproterenol (60 mg/kg, s. c) for two days.Results: Pretreatment with ethanolic extract of Allium cepa aerial leaves (200 mg/kg, p. o and 100 mg/kg, p. o) for 28 d in significantly (p<0.01) reduce the levels of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphates, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and increase the levels of HDL-cholesterol. Histopathological studies of the hearts of isoproterenol treated rats have showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and lacking of continuity in muscle fiber was suggesting an irreversible cell injury.Conclusion: Animals treated with ethanolic extract of Allium cepa aerial leaves showed less degenerative changes compared to isoproterenol-treated animals

Corneal Swelling with Cosmetic etafilcon A Lenses versus No Lens Wear:

Moezzi, A. M., Varikooty, J., Schulze, M., Ngo, W., Lorenz, K. O., Boree, D., & Jones, L. W. (2016). Corneal Swelling with Cosmetic etafilcon A Lenses versus No Lens Wear: Optometry and Vision Science, 93(6), 619–628. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000000840Purpose: To determine if the use of pigments or adding polyvinyl pyrrolidone during the fabrication of 1-DAY ACUVUE DEFINE (AD) brand contact lenses impacts open-eye corneal swelling compared with no lens wear (NLW). Methods: A partial double-masked, randomized, bilateral crossover study was conducted in 24 Asian subjects using AD, 1-DAY ACUVUE DEFINE with Lacreon (ADL), NLW, and a control lens with no tint (1-DAY ACUVUE MOIST [AM]). Central corneal thickness was measured before insertion and immediately after removal after 8 ± 1 h of open-eye wear using an optical pachymeter in one eye. Corneal thickness along a 10-mm cord was measured in the contralateral eye using the Visante optical coherence tomographer (OCT). Corneal swelling was tested for noninferiority using a 5% margin. The endothelial bleb response was measured at baseline and 20 min after lens insertion using specular microscopy. Subjective grading of corneal staining and limbal/bulbar hyperemia were also monitored. Results: After 8 ± 1 h of open-eye wear, central corneal swelling across the study lenses with either optical pachymeter or OCT methods was negligible. Peripheral corneal swelling least-square mean differences with OCT were -0.03% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], -0.65 to 0.58%) and -0.26% (95% CI, -0.87 to 0.36%) between AD and ADL and the control lens (AM), respectively, and 1.67% (95% CI, 1.06 to 2.29%) and 1.45% (95% CI, 0.84 to 2.06%) between AD and ADL and NLW, respectively. No endothelial blebs were observed. No clinically significant differences were distinguished between the lenses and NLW for corneal staining and limbal/bulbar hyperemia. Conclusions: After 8 ± 1 h of open-eye wear, central and peripheral corneal swelling along the horizontal meridian with AD, ADL, AM, and NLW were equivalent. These results confirm that the addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone or pigments to etafilcon A to obtain a limbal ring design have no impact on corneal swelling or limbal/bulbar hyperemia during normal open-eye wear

EESNN: Hybrid Deep Learning Empowered Spatial–Temporal Features for Network Intrusion Detection System

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are crucial to network security by identifying and stopping harmful actions. The network intrusion data are blended into many typical instances due to the dynamic and time-varying networking surroundings. This leads to a lack of instances for training models and detection outcomes with a high false detection rate. In response to the data imbalance issue, we provide a network intrusion detection (NIDS) technique that combines deep networks and hybrid sampling. With the help of the Difficult Set Sampling Technique (DSSTE) algorithm, we first reduce the noise samples in the majority category before applying Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs) to boost the minority sample size. Additionally, we create a deep network model using DenseNet169 to extract spatial characteristics and Self Attention-based Transformer (SAT-Net) to extract temporal features. This technique accurately extracts the distinctive characteristics of the data. Finally, we employed the Enhanced Elman Spike Neural Network (EESNN) to classify the attack categories. We undertake experiments on the more recent and comprehensive intrusion datasets BOT-IOT, ToN-IoT, and CICIDS2019 to validate the suggested technique. Results indicate that our suggested system outperforms comparable works regarding accuracy, false alarm rate, recall, and precision

Enhanced Elman Spike Neural Network: Hybrid Deep Learning Empowered Spatial-Temporal Features for Network Intrusion Detection System

Enhanced Elman Spike Neural Network (EESNN) for classifying the attack categories. We undertake experiments on the more recent and comprehensive intrusion datasets BOT-IOT, ToN-IoT, and CICIDS2019 in order to validate the suggested technique. Results indicate that our suggested system outperforms comparable works regarding accuracy, false alarm rate, recall, and precision

Enhanced Elman Spike Neural Network: Hybrid Deep Learning Empowered Spatial-Temporal Features for Network Intrusion Detection System

The Enhanced Elman Spike Neural Network (EESNN) is employed to improve the performance. While differentiated with existing state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed approach yields 99.89% accuracy, 99.87% precision, and 99.42% recall