Adipose tissue concentrations of non-persistent environmental phenols and local redox balance in adults from Southern Spain

The aim was to evaluate the associations of environmental phenol and paraben concentrations with the oxidative microenvironment in adipose tissue. This study was conducted in a subsample (n=144) of the GraMo cohort (Southern Spain). Concentrations of 9 phenols and 7 parabens, and levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified in adipose tissue. Associations were estimated using multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders. Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) concentration was borderline associated with enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity [exp(β)=1.20, p=0.060] and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) [exp(β)=0.55, p=0.070]. Concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and methylparaben (MeP) were associated to lower glutathione reductase (GRd) activity [exp(β)=0.83, exp(β)=0.72, respectively], and BPA was borderline associated to increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) [exp(β)=1.73, p-value=0.062]. MeP was inversely associated to both hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismustase (SOD) activity, as well as to the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) [0.75 < exp(β) < 0.79]. Our results suggest that some specific non-persistent pollutants may be associated with a disruption of the activity of relevant antioxidant enzymes, in addition to the depletion of the glutathione stock. They might act as a tissue-specific source of free radicals, contributing to the oxidative microenvironment in the adipose tissue.This research was supported in part by research grants from the European Union Commission (H2020-EJP-HBM4EU and SOE1/P1/F0082), Biomedical Research Networking Center-CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), from the Institute of Health Carlos III, supported by European Regional Development Fund/FEDER (FIS-PI13/02406, FISPI14/ 00067, FIS-PI16/01820, FIS-PI16/01812, FIS-PI16/01858 and FIS-PI17/01743), and from the Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía (PS-0506-2016). Funding for the equipment used was provided by Velux Fonden, Augustinus Fonden and Svend Andersen Fonden. The authors thank Kirsten og Freddy Johansens Fond and the International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University) for economic support. Dr. Juan Pedro Arrebola is under contract within Ramón y Cajal Program (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España, RYC-2016-20155)

Assessment of PCDD/F, PCB, OCP and BPA dietary exposure of non-breast-fed European infants.

The aim of this study is to obtain data on the exposure of non-breast-fed infants to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), and bisphenol A (BPA) and its chlorinated derivatives through consumption of commercial infant foods with largest shares of the market in 22 European Union countries. The E-Screen bioassay was employed to assess the oestrogenicity of the baby foods and the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction was measured to determine the levels of PCDD/F and PCB. Consequently, the highest total effective xenoestrogen burden (TEXB) of 73.60&thinsp;pM&thinsp;Eeq&thinsp;g(-1) was found in the soy-based formula and the EROD bioassay was always below the limit of quantification (LOQ) (3.5&thinsp;pg&thinsp;g(-1)). Overall, the estimated dietary exposure to BPA via commercial baby foods was lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 50&thinsp;&micro;g&thinsp;kg(-1) body weight (bw). Furthermore, the findings indicated that the dietary exposure of 0-9-month-old infants through the products investigated here does not exceed the maximum TDI of 4&thinsp;pg WHO-TEQ (toxic equivalents)&thinsp;kg(-1) bw. However, exposure to more than 2&thinsp;pg WHO-TEQ&thinsp;kg(-1)&thinsp;bw&thinsp;day(-1) might occur for 0-4-month-old infants consuming &#39;starting&#39; hypoallergenic formula. Moreover, analysis of OCP indicated that the dietary exposure of non-breast-fed infants was not harmful. Considering the importance of early development and the vulnerability of infants and children, it is essential to determine their dietary exposure to contaminants in order to decide which efforts of risk reduction should receive highest priority

Reductions in blood concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in the general population of Barcelona from 2006 to 2016

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Ministerio de Salut; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM); Fundació La Marató de TV3 (20132910); CRUE-Santander Fondo Supera Covid-19 (15072020); Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health (DP5OD26429).Background: Few cities in the world biomonitor changes in human levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through periodic health surveys representative of the general population. Objectives: To analyze changes in serum concentrations of POPs in Barcelona from 2006 to 2016, and to analyze socio-demographic correlates of concentrations of 62 POPs in 2016. Methods: Participants in the Barcelona Health Surveys of 2006 and 2016 (N = 231 and 240, respectively) were interviewed face-to-face, gave blood, and underwent a physical exam. POPs were analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Results: Concentrations of all nine most prevalent compounds decreased markedly during the 10-years. Reductions occurred in almost all sex, age and BMI subgroups. For most organochlorine compounds the reduction was larger in women than men (for HCB, −77% and − 62%, respectively). For β-HCH, PCBs, naphthalene and phenanthrene the decrease was larger in the younger groups. Large reductions in concentrations of PCBs and DDE were observed in individuals with normal weight but not in individuals with obesity. Conclusions: While concentrations of most POPs are decreasing in Barcelona, significant sociodemographic differences in such reductions warrant strengthening public and private policies towards groups making slower progress. A relevant component of the success in the current decreasing is a reduction of differences (convergence) by gender