Barrelledness of Spaces with Toeplitz Decompositions

AbstractA Toeplitz decomposition of a locally convex space E into subspaces (Ek) with projections (Pk) is a decomposition of every x∈E as x=∑kPkx, where ordinary summability has been replaced by summability with respect to an infinite and lower triangular regular matrix. We extend to the setting of Toeplitz decompositions a couple of results about barrelledness of Schauder decompositions. The first result, given for Schauder decompositions by Noll and Stadler, links the barrelledness of a normed space E to the barrelledness of the pieces Ek via the fact that E′ is big enough so as to coincide with its summability dual. Our second theorem, given for Schauder decompositions by Dı́az and Miñarro, links the quasibarrelledness of an ℵ0-quasibarrelled (in particular, (DF)) space E to the quasibarrelledness of the pieces Ek via the fact that the decomposition is simple

Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico ¿por dónde empiezo?”

Objetivos: Proporcionar los conocimientos y habilidades básicos para realizar Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico (SFT) en el ámbito dela oficina de Farmacia. Promover la motivación y el cambio en la conducta hacia la realización del servicio de SFT en la farmacia. Método: Talleres limitados para 12 alumnos. Se desarrollan tres sesiones. En las dos primeras, celebradas en días consecutivos, seimparten los conocimientos básicos para realizar el SFT. Primera sesión: se realiza una entrevista real a un paciente. Después se elabora el estado de situación de este caso, participando todoel grupo. Segunda sesión: se realiza la fase de estudio, dividiéndose los alumnos en pequeños grupos por las patologías a estudiar. Tercera sesión: se desarrolla tres semanas después, para que el farmacéutico disponga del tiempo necesario para captar y hacer SFTa un paciente. Cada alumno hace una exposición de su caso de SFT. Resultados: Se han impartido tres Talleres, participando un total de 33 farmacéuticos.Resolución de casos de pacientes por los alumnos: RNM detectados: 76; Nº de intervenciones realizadas: 82; RNM resueltos: 56Evaluación del Taller (duración, recursos materiales utilizados): Nota media: 9,31Evaluación del Profesorado: Nota media: 9,77 Conclusiones: Los profesores detectan el cambio de los alumnos en su actitud profesional ante el paciente y su tratamiento. El posiblebeneficio clínico que se obtengalleva a plantear nuevas estrategias para el formato futuro de esta actividad formativa

A protective personal factor against disability and dependence in the elderly: an ordinal regression analysis with nine geographically-defined samples from Spain

Background Sense of Coherence (SOC) is defined as a tendency to perceive life experiences as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful. The construct is split in three major domains: Comprehensibility, Manageability, and Meaningfulness. SOC has been associated with successful coping strategies in the face of illness and traumatic events and is a predictor of self-reported and objective health in a variety of contexts. In the present study we aim to evaluate the association of SOC with disability and dependence in Spanish elders. Methods A total of 377 participants aged 75 years or over from nine locations across Spain participated in the study (Mean age: 80.9 years; 65.3% women). SOC levels were considered independent variables in two ordinal logistic models on disability and dependence, respectively. Disability was established with the World health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (36-item version), while dependence was measured with the Extended Katz Index on personal and instrumental activities of daily living. The models included personal (sex, age, social contacts, availability of an intimate confidant), environmental (municipality size, access to social resources) and health-related covariates (morbidity). Results High Meaningfulness was a strong protective factor against both disability (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.50; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.29–0.87) and dependence (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.19–0.58) while moderate and high Comprehensibility was protective for disability (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22–0.70 and OR = 0.39; 95%CI = 0.21–0.74), but not for dependence. Easy access to social and health resources was also highly protective against both disability and dependence. Conclusions Our results are consistent with the view that high levels of SOC are protective against disability and dependence in the elderly. Elderly individuals with limited access to social and health resources and with low SOC may be a group at risk for dependence and disability in Spain.This project was partially funded by a research contract in support of the project “Epidemiological Study of Dementia in Spain” signed by the Pfizer Foundation and Carlos III Institute of HealthS

Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico ¿por dónde empiezo?”

Objetivos: Proporcionar los conocimientos y habilidades básicos para realizar Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico (SFT) en el ámbito dela oficina de Farmacia. Promover la motivación y el cambio en la conducta hacia la realización del servicio de SFT en la farmacia. Método: Talleres limitados para 12 alumnos. Se desarrollan tres sesiones. En las dos primeras, celebradas en días consecutivos, seimparten los conocimientos básicos para realizar el SFT. Primera sesión: se realiza una entrevista real a un paciente. Después se elabora el estado de situación de este caso, participando todoel grupo. Segunda sesión: se realiza la fase de estudio, dividiéndose los alumnos en pequeños grupos por las patologías a estudiar. Tercera sesión: se desarrolla tres semanas después, para que el farmacéutico disponga del tiempo necesario para captar y hacer SFTa un paciente. Cada alumno hace una exposición de su caso de SFT. Resultados: Se han impartido tres Talleres, participando un total de 33 farmacéuticos.Resolución de casos de pacientes por los alumnos: RNM detectados: 76; Nº de intervenciones realizadas: 82; RNM resueltos: 56Evaluación del Taller (duración, recursos materiales utilizados): Nota media: 9,31Evaluación del Profesorado: Nota media: 9,77 Conclusiones: Los profesores detectan el cambio de los alumnos en su actitud profesional ante el paciente y su tratamiento. El posiblebeneficio clínico que se obtengalleva a plantear nuevas estrategias para el formato futuro de esta actividad formativa

Disability, support and long-term social care of an elderly Spanish population, 2008-2009: an epidemiologic analysis

BACKGROUND: Though poorly known, relationships between disability, need of help (dependency) and use of social services are crucial aspects of public health. The objective of this study was to describe the links between disability, officially assessed dependency, and social service use by an industrial population, and identify areas of inequity. METHODS: We took advantage of a door-to-door survey conducted in the Cinco Villas district, Spain, in 2008–2009, which provided data on disability, morbidity, and service use among 1216 residents aged ≥50 years, and officially assessed dependency under the 2006 Dependency Act (OAD). Using logistic regression, we combined data collected at homes/residences on 625 disability screened-positive participants, and administrative information on degree of OAD and benefits at date of visit. RESULTS: Based on 163 disabled persons, the prevalence of residential/community-care users was 13.4% overall, with 6.0% being market-provided, 2.5% supported by the 2006 Act, and 4.9% supported by other public funds. Of 111 OAD applicants, 30 had been assigned an OAD degree; in 29 cases this was the highest OAD degree, with 12 receiving direct support for residential care and 17 receiving home care. Compared to unassessed dependency, the highest OAD degree was linked to residential care (OR and 95% CI) 12.13 (3.86–38.16), declared non-professional care 10.99 (1.28–94.53), and publicly-funded, non-professional care 26.30 (3.36–205.88). In contrast, 43 persons, 58% of the severely/extremely disabled, community-dwelling sample population, 81% of whom were homebound, including 10 persons with OAD but no implemented service plan, made no use of any service, and of these, 40% lacked a non-professional carer. CONCLUSIONS: Formal service use in the Cinco Villas district attained ratios observed for established welfare systems but the publicly-funded proportion was lower. The 2006 Act had a modest, albeit significant, impact on support for non-professional carers and residential care, coexisting with a high prevalence of non-use of social services by severely disabled persons

Mesoscopic Modeling of the Encapsulation of Capsaicin by Lecithin/Chitosan Liposomal Nanoparticles

The transport of hydrophobic drugs in the human body exhibits complications due to the low solubility of these compounds. With the purpose of enhancing the bioavailability and biodistribution of such drugs, recent studies have reported the use of amphiphilic molecules, such as phospholipids, for the synthesis of nanoparticles or nanocapsules. Given that phospholipids can self-assemble in liposomes or micellar structures, they are ideal candidates to function as vehicles of hydrophobic molecules. In this work, we report mesoscopic simulations of nanoliposomes, constituted by lecithin and coated with a shell of chitosan. The stability of such structures and the efficiency of the encapsulation of capsaicin, as well as the internal and superficial distribution of capsaicin and chitosan inside the nanoliposome, were analyzed. The characterization of the system was carried out through density maps and the potentials of mean force for the lecithin-capsaicin, lecithin-chitosan, and capsaicin-chitosan interactions. The results of these simulations show that chitosan is deposited on the surface of the nanoliposome, as has been reported in some experimental works. It was also observed that a nanoliposome of approximately 18 nm in diameter is stable during the simulation. The deposition behavior was found to be influenced by a pattern of N-acetylation of chitosan

Prevalence of Disorders Recorded in Dogs Attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices in England

Purebred dog health is thought to be compromised by an increasing occurence of inherited diseases but inadequate prevalence data on common disorders have hampered efforts to prioritise health reforms. Analysis of primary veterinary practice clinical data has been proposed for reliable estimation of disorder prevalence in dogs. Electronic patient record (EPR) data were collected on 148,741 dogs attending 93 clinics across central and south-eastern England. Analysis in detail of a random sample of EPRs relating to 3,884 dogs from 89 clinics identified the most frequently recorded disorders as otitis externa (prevalence 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.1-11.3), periodontal disease (9.3%, 95% CI: 8.3-10.3) and anal sac impaction (7.1%, 95% CI: 6.1-8.1). Using syndromic classification, the most prevalent body location affected was the head-and-neck (32.8%, 95% CI: 30.7-34.9), the most prevalent organ system affected was the integument (36.3%, 95% CI: 33.9-38.6) and the most prevalent pathophysiologic process diagnosed was inflammation (32.1%, 95% CI: 29.8-34.3). Among the twenty most-frequently recorded disorders, purebred dogs had a significantly higher prevalence compared with crossbreds for three: otitis externa (P = 0.001), obesity (P = 0.006) and skin mass lesion (P = 0.033), and popular breeds differed significantly from each other in their prevalence for five: periodontal disease (P = 0.002), overgrown nails (P = 0.004), degenerative joint disease (P = 0.005), obesity (P = 0.001) and lipoma (P = 0.003). These results fill a crucial data gap in disorder prevalence information and assist with disorder prioritisation. The results suggest that, for maximal impact, breeding reforms should target commonly-diagnosed complex disorders that are amenable to genetic improvement and should place special focus on at-risk breeds. Future studies evaluating disorder severity and duration will augment the usefulness of the disorder prevalence information reported herein

Prevalence of disability in a composite ≥75 year-old population in Spain: A screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence and predictors of functional status and disability of elderly people have been studied in several European countries including Spain. However, there has been no population-based study incorporating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework as the basis for assessing disability. The present study reports prevalence rates for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability by the domains of activities and participation of the ICF.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nine populations surveyed in previous prevalence studies contributed probabilistic and geographically defined samples in June 2005. The study sample was composed of 503 subjects aged ≥75 years. We implemented a two-phase screening design using the MMSE and the World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule 2^ndedition (WHO-DAS II, 12 items) as cognitive and disability screening tools, respectively. Participants scoring within the positive range of the disability screening were administered the full WHO-DAS II (36 items; score range: 0-100) assessing the following areas: Understanding and communication, Getting along with people, Life activities, Getting around, Participation in society, and Self-care. Each disability area assessed by WHO-DAS II (36 items) was reported according to the ICF severity ranges (No problem, 0-4; Mild disability, 5-24; Moderate disability, 25-49; Severe/Extreme disability, 50-100).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age-adjusted disability prevalence figures were: 39.17 ± 2.18%, 15.31 ± 1.61%, and 10.14 ± 1.35% for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability, respectively. Severe and extreme disability prevalence in mobility and life activities was three times higher than the average, and highest among women. Sex variations were minimal, although life activities for women of 85 years and over had more severe/extreme disability as compared to men (OR = 5.15 95% CI 3.19-8.32).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Disability is highly prevalent among the Spanish elderly. Sex- and age-specific variations of disability are associated with particular disability domains.</p