Accretion and photodesorption of CO ice as a function of the incident angle of deposition

Non-thermal desorption of inter- and circum-stellar ice mantles on dust grains, in particular ultraviolet photon-induced desorption, has gained importance in recent years. These processes may account for the observed gas phase abundances of molecules like CO toward cold interstellar clouds. Ice mantle growth results from gas molecules impinging on the dust from all directions and incidence angles. Nevertheless, the effect of the incident angle for deposition on ice photo-desorption rate has not been studied. This work explores the impact on the accretion and photodesorption rates of the incidence angle of CO gas molecules with the cold surface during deposition of a CO ice layer. Infrared spectroscopy monitored CO ice upon deposition at different angles, ultraviolet-irradiation, and subsequent warm-up. Vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy and a Ni-mesh measured the emission of the ultraviolet lamp. Molecules ejected from the ice to the gas during irradiation or warm-up were characterized by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The photodesorption rate of CO ice deposited at 11 K and different incident angles was rather stable between 0 and 45$^{\circ}$. A maximum in the CO photodesorption rate appeared around 70$^{\circ}$-incidence deposition angle. The same deposition angle leads to the maximum surface area of water ice. Although this study of the surface area could not be performed for CO ice, the similar angle dependence in the photodesorption and the ice surface area suggests that they are closely related. Further evidence for a dependence of CO ice morphology on deposition angle is provided by thermal desorption of CO ice experiments

Lab-on-a-chip platforms based on highly sensitive nanophotonic Si biosensors for single nucleotide DNA testing

In order to solve the drawbacks of sensitivity and portability in optical biosensors we have developed ultrasensitive and miniaturized photonic silicon sensors able to be integrated in a "lab-on-a-chip" microsystem platform. The sensors are integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on TIR optical waveguides (Si/SiO2/Si3N4) of micro/nanodimensions. We have applied this biosensor for DNA testing and for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms at BRCA-1 gene, involved in breast cancer development, without target labeling. The oligonucleotide probe is immobilized by covalent attachment to the sensor surface through silanization procedures. The hybridization was performed for different DNA target concentrations showing a lowest detection limit at 10 pM. Additionally, we have detected the hybridization of different concentrations of DNA target with two mismatching bases corresponding to a mutation of the BRCA-1 gene. Following the way of the lab-on-a-chip microsystem, integration with the microfluidics has been achieved by using a novel fabrication method of 3-D embedded microchannels using the polymer SU-8 as structural material. The optofluidic chip shows good performances for biosensing

NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS APLICADAS A LOS CUESTIONARIOS DE FRECUENCIA DE CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS: UNA PERSPECTIVA ACTUAL

The food frequency questionnaires are widely used in epidemiological researches like dietary assessment method. Traditionally, they have been self-administered in paper but the use of information and communication technologies has led to develop Internet and computerized food frequency questionnaires. It is the objective of this article to offer a global perspective of the new technologies applied to FFQ. It will be presented the purpose of the food frequency questionnaire, the number of strengths of the web-based surveys versus print-surveys and finally, a description of the manuscripts that have used web-based and computerized FFQ.[ES] Resumen Los cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos son muy utilizados en investigaciones epidemiológicas como método para evaluar la dieta. Tradicionalmente, han sido autoadministrados en papel, pero el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) ha permitido desarrollar cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos computerizados y a través de Internet. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una perspectiva actual del uso de las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al diseño e interpretación de los cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. En el presente trabajo se resumen los objetivos de los cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, las ventajas de los cuestionarios autoadministrados por Internet frente a los administrados en papel y finalmente, se describirán diferentes estudios que han usado cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos autoadministrados mediante el uso de ordenador o a través de Internet.Gonzalez-Carrascosa, R. has a predoctoral scholarship from Generalitat Valenciana (Spain).García Segovia, P.; González Carrascosa, R.; Martínez Monzó, J.; Ngo, J.; Serra-Majem, L. (2011). New technologies applied to food frequency questionnaires: a currentperspective. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 26(4):803-806. doi:10.3305/nh.2011.26.4.5154S80380626

Relations between sexist attitudes, family communication and aggression towards equals

La violencia escolar entre iguales es una problemática con graves consecuencias psicosociales. Además, se produce en una etapa del ciclo vital en que la familia y las actitudes sexistas tienen cierta influencia en las conductas violentas de los adolescentes. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar posibles diferencias en el sexismo hostil, sexismo benevolente, comunicación con la madre y comunicación con el padre entre tres grupos de adolescentes establecidos según su diferente implicación en violencia hacia los iguales: “baja implicación”, “implicación ocasional” y “implicación frecuente”. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1034 adolescentes de ambos sexos (50.6% chicos y 49.4% chicas), de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes con una implicación frecuente en conductas de violencia hacia los iguales presentan más actitudes sexistas benévolas y hostiles y más problemas de comunicación con ambos progenitores. Asimismo, los implicados en conductas agresivas frecuentes y ocasionales muestran menos comunicación abierta con la madre y con el padre. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de ayudar a los adolescentes que ejercen agresión frecuente hacia sus iguales e indica la importancia de incluir estas variables en los programas de prevención.Bullying is a problem with serious psychosocial consequences. In addition, it occurs in a stage of the life cycle in which the family and sexist attitudes have some influence on the violent behavior of adolescents. From this perspective, the objective of this paper was to analyze possible differences in hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, communication with the mother and communication with the father among three groups of adolescents established according to their different involvement in violence towards peers: “low involvement”, “occasional involvement” and “frequent involvement”. The sample consisted of 1034 adolescents (50.6% boys and 49.4% girls), between 12 and 18 years old. The results show that adolescents with a frequent involvement in bullying have more benevolent and hostile sexist attitudes and more communication problems with both parents. Likewise, those involved in frequent and occasional aggressive behaviors show less open communication with the mother and with the father. The results show the need to help adolescents who exercise frequent aggression and indicate the importance of including these variables in prevention programs.peerReviewe

Ajuste psicosocial de adolescentes agresores a través del teléfono móvil y de Internet

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal analizar el perfil psicosocial de adolescentes agresores de “cyberbullying”, teniendo en cuenta los siguientes indicadores de ajuste psicosocial: satisfacción con la vida, reputación social no conformista y conductas antisociales dentro y fuera del contexto escolar. La muestra está formada por 896 estudiantes españoles (49.7% chicos y 50.3% chicas), de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 19 años (M = 13.9, DT = 1.5). Se encuentran diferencias significativas entre los grupos de ciberagresores y no agresores; los ciberagresores severos, seguidos de los cibereagresores ocasionales, muestran el ajuste psicosocial más conflictivo en todas las variables analizadas, y los adolescentes no agresores el ajuste más adaptado. Estos resultados proporcionan información relevante sobre la importancia del ajuste psicosocial en la prevención e intervención del ciberacoso.Psychosocial profile of perpetrators adolescents through mobile phone and internet. This study’s main objective is to analyze the psychosocial profile of adolescent perpetrators of cyberbullying, taking into account the following indicators of psychosocial adjustment: satisfaction with life, non-conformist reputation and antisocial behavior inside and outside the school context. The sample consisted of 896 Spanish students (49.7% boys and 50.3% girls), aged between 11 and 19 years (M = 13.9, ST = 1.5). There are significant differences between the cyberbullies groups and non-perpetrators adolescents; the severe cyberbullies, followed by occasional cyberbullies, show the most controversial psychosocial adjustment in all the variables analyzed, and teens -perpetrators adolescents show more tailored psychosocial adjustment. These results provide relevant information on the importance of psychosocial adjustment in the prevention and intervention of cyberbullying.peerReviewe

Synergy between pyroelectric and photovoltaic effects for optoelectronic nanoparticle manipulation

© 2019 Optical Society of America. Users may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use the article for text or data mining, so long as such uses are for non-commercial purposes and appropriate attribution is maintained. All other rights are reserved.The combined action of the pyroelectric (PY) and photovoltaic (PV) effects, exhibited by z-cut LiNbO3:Fe substrates, has been investigated for particle trapping and patterning applications. The novel hybrid procedure provides new possibilities and versatility to optoelectronic manipulation on LiNbO3 substrates. It has allowed obtaining periodic and arbitrary 2D patterns whose particle density distribution is correlated with the light intensity profile but can be tuned through ΔT according to the relative strength of the PV and PY effects. A relevant result is that the PY and PV contributions compete for a ΔT range of 1-20 °C, very accessible for experiments. Moreover, the synergy of the PY and PV has provided two additional remarkable applications: i) A method to measure the PV field, key magnitude for photovoltaic optoelectronic tweezers. Using this method, the minimum field needed to obtain a particle pattern has been determined, resulting relatively high, E~60 kV/cm, and so, requiring highly doped crystals when only using the PV effect. ii) An strategy combining the PY and PV to get particle patterning in samples inactive for PV trapping when the PV field value is under that thresholdMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (MAT2014-57704-C3, MAT2017-83951-R); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (RR01/2016

A protein with simultaneous capsid scaffolding and dsRNA-binding activities enhances the birnavirus capsid mechanical stability

Viral capsids are metastable structures that perform many essential processes; they also act as robust cages during the extracellular phase. Viruses can use multifunctional proteins to optimize resources (e.g., VP3 in avian infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV). The IBDV genome is organized as ribonucleoproteins (RNP) of dsRNA with VP3, which also acts as a scaffold during capsid assembly. We characterized mechanical properties of IBDV populations with different RNP content (ranging from none to four RNP). The IBDV population with the greatest RNP number (and best fitness) showed greatest capsid rigidity. When bound to dsRNA, VP3 reinforces virus stiffness. These contacts involve interactions with capsid structural subunits that differ from the initial interactions during capsid assembly. Our results suggest that RNP dimers are the basic stabilization units of the virion, provide better understanding of multifunctional proteins, and highlight the duality of RNP as capsidstabilizing and genetic information platformsThis work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (FIS2011-29493 to PJP, BFU2011-29038 to JLC and BFU2014-55475R to JRC) and Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (S2013/MIT-2850 to JLC and S2013/MIT-2807 to JRC

Emisión de bonos soberanos. Aspectos de Derecho internacional privado

Sumario: I. Emisión de bonos soberanos. Aspectos generales. II. La documentación de la emisión de bonos soberanos. III. Dinámica de la suscripción de los bonos soberanos. 1. Las tres etapas: emisión, gestión y suscripción de bonos soberanos. 2. Contratos tipo y emisión de bonos soberanos. Los formularios ISDA (International Swaps and Derivatives Association). 3. Cláusulas usuales en la emisión de bonos soberanos. IV. El default. Impagos, quitas y reestructuraciones de bonos soberanos. 1. Las reestructuraciones de la deuda pública y el derecho de propiedad. La STEDH 21 julio 2016, Mamatas et autres vs. Grèce. 2. Los fondos buitre (Vulture Funds). V. Jurisdicción competente y Ley aplicable a los contratos de emisión y suscripción de bonos soberanos. 1. Contratos de emisión de bonos soberanos. Jurisdicción competente y Ley aplicable. 2. Contratos de suscripción de bonos soberanos. Jurisdicción competente y Ley aplicable. VI. Ejecución internacional de las condenas de pago obtenidas por fondos buitre. 1. Sentencias claudicantes. 2. Inmunidad de jurisdicción y de ejecución y deuda soberana. El caso argentino, los fondos buitre y la fragata «Libertad». VII. Reflexiones finales