Influence of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Exercise on Fatigue and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis

[EN] Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that leads to a great deterioration in the quality of life. Objective: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of two individual programs, one based on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and another based on the effect of physical exercise on fatigue and quality of life in patients with MS. Methods: A total of 12 patients with relapsing–remitting and progressive secondary MS participated. Fatigue and quality of life were assessed before and after intervention. The exercise program and tDCS were carried out over a 4-week period, with a washout period of 5 months. Results: The results show significant improvements in the different quality of life subscales after the application of tDCS, activities of daily living (r = 0.625; p = 0.037) (g = 0.465), psychological well-being (r = 0.856; p = 0.004) (g = 0.727) and coping (r = 0.904; p = 0.18) (g = 0.376), and in those after the application of exercise, activities of daily living (r = 0.853; p = 0.003) (g = 0.570) and psychological well-being (r = 0.693; p = 0.041) (g = 0.417). After the application of both therapies, more than 50% of the subjects did not have a positive fatigue score on the MFIS scale. Conclusion: The major findings suggest that the application of both therapies produces a beneficial effect with significant improvements in the quality of life of this sample.SIThis research was funded by a grant from the Professional Association of Physiotherapists of Castilla y Leó

GUANIN: an all-in-one GUi-driven analyzer for NanoString interactive normalization

GUANIN can be installed with pip install GUANIN and it is available at https://pypi.org/project/guanin/. Source code, documentation, and case studies are available at https://github.com/julimontoto/guanin under the GPLv3 license.[Abstract]: Most tools for normalizing NanoString gene expression data, apart from the default NanoString nCounter software, are R packages that focus on technical normalization and lack configurable parameters. However, content normalization is the most sensitive, experiment-specific, and relevant step to preprocess NanoString data. Currently this step requires the use of multiple tools and a deep understanding of data management by the researcher. We present GUANIN, a comprehensive normalization tool that integrates both new and well-established methods, offering a wide variety of options to introduce, filter, choose, and evaluate reference genes for content normalization. GUANIN allows the introduction of genes from an endogenous subset as reference genes, addressing housekeeping-related selection problems. It performs a specific and straightforward normalization approach for each experiment, using a wide variety of parameters with suggested default values. GUANIN provides a large number of informative output files that enable the iterative refinement of the normalization process. In terms of normalization, GUANIN matches or outperforms other available methods. Importantly, it allows researchers to interact comprehensively with the data preprocessing step without programming knowledge, thanks to its easy-to-use Graphical User Interface (GUI).The supercomputer FinisTerrae III and its permanent data storage system have been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the Galician Government, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This study also received support by (i) ISCIII: TRINEO: PI22/00162; DIAVIR: DTS19/00049; Resvi-Omics: PI19/01039 (A.S.), ReSVinext: PI16/01569, Enterogen: PI19/01090 (F.M.-T.), cofinanciados FEDER, (ii) GAIN: IN607B 2020/08 and IN607A 2023/02 (A.S.), GEN-COVID: IN845D 2020/23 (F.M.-T.), IIN607A2021/05 (F.M.-T.); (iii) ACIS: BI-BACVIR (PRIS-3, to A.S.), CovidPhy (SA 304 C, to A.S.); and (iv) consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CB21/06/00103; to A.S. and F.M.-T.). In addition, this study has been funded by ISCIII through the project “CP23/00080” and co-funded by the European Union. The funders were not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication.Xunta de Galicia; IN607B 2020/08Xunta de Galicia; IN607A 2023/02Xunta de Galicia; IN845D 2020/23Xunta de Galicia; IIN607A2021/05Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias; CB21/06/0010

A family of Cd(ii) coordination polymers constructed from 6-aminopicolinate and bipyridyl co-linkers: study of their growth in paper and photoluminescence sensing of Fe3+ and Zn2+ ions

In this work, we report on five novel coordination polymers (CPs) based on the linkage of the [Cd(6apic)2] building block [where 6apic = 6-aminopicolinate] by different bipyridine-type organic spacers, forming different coordination compounds with the following formulae: [Cd(μ-6apic)2]n (1), {[Cd(6apic)2(μ-bipy)]·H2O}n (2), {[Cd(6apic)2(μ-bpe)]·2H2O}n (3), [Cd(6apic)(μ-6apic)(μ-bpa)0.5]n (4) and {[Cd2(6apic)4(μ-tmbp)]·7H2O}n (5) [where bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine, bpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, bpa = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpa) and tmbp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane]. Most of the synthesized compounds form infinite metal–organic rods through the linkage of the building block by the bipyridine-type linker, except in the case of compound 4 whose assembly forms a densely packed 3D architecture. All compounds were fully characterized and their photoluminescence properties were studied experimentally and computationally through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All compounds display, upon UV excitation, a similar blue emission of variable intensity depending on the linker employed for the connection of the building units, among which compound 2 deserves to be highlighted for its room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with an emission lifetime of 32 ms that extends to 79 ms at low temperature. These good photoluminescence properties, in addition to its stability in water over a wide pH range (between 2 and 10), motivated us to study compound 2 as a sensor for the detection of metal ions in water, and it showed high sensitivity to Fe3+ through a fluorescence turn-off mechanism and an unspecific turn-on response to Zn2+. Furthermore, the compound is processed as a paper-based analytical device (PAD) in which the phosphorescence emission is preserved, improving the sensing capacity toward Fe3+ ions.This work was supported by the Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT1500-22 and IT1755-22), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, Grant PID2020-117344RB-I00), Red Guipuzcoana de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (FA385/2023, DG23/16) and Junta de Andalucía (FQM-394 and P21_00386). The authors acknowledge the technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF)

Salivary epidermal growth factor correlates with hospitalization length in rotavirus infection

The IFI27 interferon gene expression has been found to be largely increased in rotavirus (RV)-infected patients. IFI27 gene encodes for a protein of unknown function, very recently linked to epidermal proliferation and related to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) protein. The EGF is a low-molecular-weight polypeptide that is mainly produced by submandibular and parotid glands, and it plays an important physiological role in the maintenance of oro-esophageal and gastric tissue integrity. Our aim was to determine salivary EGF levels in RV-infected patients in order to establish its potential relationship with IFI27 increased expression and EGF-mediated mucosal protection in RV infection. We conducted a prospective comparative study using saliva samples from 27 infants infected with RV (sampled at recruitment during hospital admission and at convalescence, i.e. at least 3 months after recovery) and from 36 healthy control children. Median (SD) EGF salivary concentration was 777 (529) pg/ml in RV-infected group at acute phase and 356 (242) pg/m at convalescence, while it was 337 (119) pg/ml in the healthy control group. A significant association was found between EGF levels and hospitalization length of stay (P-value = 0.022; r(2) = -0.63). The salivary levels of EGF are significantly increased during the acute phase of natural RV infection, and relate to length of hospitalization. Further assessment of this non-invasive biomarker in RV disease is warranted.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIXunta de Galicia. Consellería de Sanidad

Prediction of organic combined sewer sediment release and transport

Accurate predictions of sediment loads released by sewer overflow discharges are important for being able to provide protection to vulnerable receiving waters. These predictions are sensitive to the estimated sediment characteristics and on the site-conditions of in-pipe deposit formation. Their application without a detailed analysis and understanding of the “initial conditions” under which in- sewer deposits were formed normally results in very poor estimations. In this study, in-sewer sediment samples deposited during dry-periods in a combined sewer system were collected, and their properties assessed. Parameters in the sediment transport relationship first proposed by Skipworth for in-pipe deposits were estimated based on simulating the in-pipe deposit formation conditions in laboratory erosion tests. The measured parameters were then used to simulate sediment transport through a small combined sewer network for a number of rain events for which rainfall, hydraulic and water quality data were available. Results showed that the model of Skipworth can provide good predictions of the sediment loads released from such in-sewer deposits. The experimentally-derived calibration parameters used with Skipworth’s model allowed for a realistic simulation of the in-sewer sediment behaviour and so can be used to accurately estimate the sediment load released from combined sewer systems during rainfall events

Grupo de expertos del PAPPS. Recomendaciones sobre el estilo de vida

Los determinantes de salud primarios y secundarios explican gran parte de la morbimortalidad observada en atención primaria. Se presentan las recomendaciones del Programa de Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud (PAPPS) de la semFyC, para la promoción de un estilo de vida saludable mediante la metodología de intervención y las actuaciones preventivas en consumo de tabaco, consumo de alcohol, alimentación saludable, actividad física en el tiempo libre, prevención de accidentes de tráfico y sistemas de retención infantil. Se señalan las pautas más comunes de prevención clínica. Se actualizan las recomendaciones, se señalan aspectos novedosos como la definición de consumo de alcohol de bajo riesgo y se pone al día la bibliografía. Para las principales recomendaciones se incluyen tablas específicas que recogen la calidad de la evidencia y la fuerza de la recomendación. Primary and secondary health determinants explain a large part of the morbidity and mortality observed in primary care. The recommendations of the Program of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (PAPPS) of the semFyC are presented, for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle through intervention methodology and preventive actions in tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, healthy eating, physical activity in free time and prevention of traffic accidents and child restraint systems. The most common clinical prevention guidelines are outlined. The recommendations are updated, new aspects are pointed out, such as the definition of low-risk alcohol consumption, and the bibliography is updated. For the main recommendations, specific tables are included that show the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendation

Analysis of norfloxacin ecotoxicity and the relation with its degradation by means of electrochemical oxidation using different anodes

[EN] In this work, ecotoxicological bioassays based on Lactuca sativa seeds and bioluminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri) have been carried out in order to quantify the toxicity of Norfloxacin (NOR) and sodium sulfate solutions, before and after treating them using electrochemical advanced oxidation. The effect of some process variables (anode material, reactor configuration and applied current) on the toxicity evolution of the treated solution has been studied. A NOR solution shows an EC50 (5 days) of 336 mg L-1 towards Lactuca sativa. This threshold NOR concentration decreases with sodium sulfate concentration, in solutions that contain simultaneously Norfloxacin and sodium sulfate. In every case considered in this work, the electrochemical advanced oxidation process increased the toxicity (towards both Lactuca sativa and Vibrio fischeri) of the solution. This toxicity increase is mainly due to the persulfate formation during the electrochemical treatment. From a final solution toxicity point of view, the best results were obtained using a BDD anode in a divided reactor applying the lowest current intensity.The authors are very grateful to the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Projects CTQ2015-65202-C2-1-R and RTI2018-101341-B-C21) for their economic support.Montañés, M.; García Gabaldón, M.; Roca-Pérez, L.; Giner-Sanz, JJ.; Mora-Gómez, J.; Pérez-Herranz, V. (2020). Analysis of norfloxacin ecotoxicity and the relation with its degradation by means of electrochemical oxidation using different anodes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 188:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109923S110188Banks, M. K., & Schultz, K. E. (2005). Comparison of Plants for Germination Toxicity Tests in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 167(1-4), 211-219. doi:10.1007/s11270-005-8553-4Barreto, J. P. d. P., Araujo, K. C. d. F., de Araujo, D. M., & Martinez-Huitle, C. A. (2015). 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Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(2), 1099-1111. doi:10.1007/s11356-013-1978-1Chen, M., & Chu, W. (2012). Degradation of antibiotic norfloxacin in aqueous solution by visible-light-mediated C-TiO2 photocatalysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 219-220, 183-189. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.074Coledam, D. A. C., Aquino, J. M., Silva, B. F., Silva, A. J., & Rocha-Filho, R. C. (2016). Electrochemical mineralization of norfloxacin using distinct boron-doped diamond anodes in a filter-press reactor, with investigations of toxicity and oxidation by-products. Electrochimica Acta, 213, 856-864. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.003Da Silva, S. W., Navarro, E. M. O., Rodrigues, M. A. S., Bernardes, A. M., & Pérez-Herranz, V. (2019). Using p-Si/BDD anode for the electrochemical oxidation of norfloxacin. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 832, 112-120. doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.049Davis, J., Baygents, J. C., & Farrell, J. (2014). Understanding Persulfate Production at Boron Doped Diamond Film Anodes. Electrochimica Acta, 150, 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.10.104Oliveira, G. A. R. de, Leme, D. M., de Lapuente, J., Brito, L. B., Porredón, C., Rodrigues, L. de B., … Oliveira, D. P. de. (2018). A test battery for assessing the ecotoxic effects of textile dyes. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 291, 171-179. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.026Drèze, V., Monod, G., Cravedi, J.-P., Biagianti-Risbourg, S., & Le Gac, F. (2000). Ecotoxicology, 9(1/2), 93-103. doi:10.1023/a:1008976431227Flaherty, C. M., & Dodson, S. I. (2005). Effects of pharmaceuticals on Daphnia survival, growth, and reproduction. Chemosphere, 61(2), 200-207. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.016González-Pleiter, M., Gonzalo, S., Rodea-Palomares, I., Leganés, F., Rosal, R., Boltes, K., … Fernández-Piñas, F. (2013). Toxicity of five antibiotics and their mixtures towards photosynthetic aquatic organisms: Implications for environmental risk assessment. 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Treated wastewater phytotoxicity assessment using Lactuca sativa : Focus on germination and root elongation test parameters. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 340(3), 188-194. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2017.01.002Radix, P., Léonard, M., Papantoniou, C., Roman, G., Saouter, E., Gallotti-Schmitt, S., … Vasseur, P. (2000). Comparison of Four Chronic Toxicity Tests Using Algae, Bacteria, and Invertebrates Assessed with Sixteen Chemicals. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 47(2), 186-194. doi:10.1006/eesa.2000.1966Rizzo, L. (2011). Bioassays as a tool for evaluating advanced oxidation processes in water and wastewater treatment. Water Research, 45(15), 4311-4340. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.035Seco, J. I., Fernández-Pereira, C., & Vale, J. (2003). A study of the leachate toxicity of metal-containing solid wastes using Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 56(3), 339-350. doi:10.1016/s0147-6513(03)00102-7Uzu, G., Sobanska, S., Sarret, G., Muñoz, M., & Dumat, C. (2010). Foliar Lead Uptake by Lettuce Exposed to Atmospheric Fallouts. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(3), 1036-1042. doi:10.1021/es902190uVasconcelos, T. G., Henriques, D. M., König, A., Martins, A. F., & Kümmerer, K. (2009). Photo-degradation of the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin at high pH: Identification and biodegradability assessment of the primary by-products. Chemosphere, 76(4), 487-493. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.022Wang, W. C., & Freemark, K. (1995). The Use of Plants for Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 30(3), 289-301. doi:10.1006/eesa.1995.1033Wang, X., Sun, C., Gao, S., Wang, L., & Shuokui, H. (2001). Validation of germination rate and root elongation as indicator to assess phytotoxicity with Cucumis sativus. Chemosphere, 44(8), 1711-1721. doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00520-8Yang, L.-H., Ying, G.-G., Su, H.-C., Stauber, J. L., Adams, M. S., & Binet, M. T. (2008). 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The scope of language contact as a constraint factor in language change: The periphrasis haber de plus infinitive in a corpus of language immediacy in modern Spanish

In this work an empirical study grounded in the principles and methods of the comparative variationist framework is conducted to measure the scope of language contact as a factor constraining some potentially diverging uses of a Spanish verbal periphrasis that has undergone a sharp decline over the last century (haber de plus infinitive). The analysis is based on three independent samples of text that correspond to three dialectal areas of peninsular Spanish (monolingual zones, Catalan-speaking linguistic territories and the north-western linguistic area). These samples, extracted from a corpus made up of texts of communicative immediacy from the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, confirm the existence of a certain linguistic convergence in the expressive habits of the speakers in the bilingual communities. In each region, however, the outcomes are different, due to parallel differences in the structural position of the periphrasis in each language. However, a thorough analysis of the variable context that surrounds the periphrasis shows that the observed differences do not affect the essence of the underlying grammar of this variant, whose decline (which favours tener que plus infinitive and becomes faster as the 20th century advances) is constrained by identical linguistic and extralinguistic conditioning factors in all the dialectal areas

Magnetic and Photoluminescent Sensors Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks Built up from 2-aminoisonicotinate

Red Guipuzcoana de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion OF218/2018 University of Basque Country GIU 17/13 Basque Government IT1005-16 IT1291-19 IT1310-19 Junta de Andalucia FQM-394 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) PGC2018-102052-A-C22 PGC2018-102052-B-C21 MAT2016-75883-C2-1-P European Union (EU) ESFIn this work, three isostructural metal-organic frameworks based on frst row transition metal ions and 2-aminoisonicotinate (2ain) ligands, namely, {[M(μ-2ain)2]·DMF}n [MII=Co (1), Ni (2), Zn (3)], are evaluated for their sensing capacity of various solvents and metal ions by monitoring the modulation of their magnetic and photoluminescence properties. The crystal structure consists of an open diamond-like topological 3D framework that leaves huge voids, which allows crystallizing two-fold interpenetrated architecture that still retains large porosity. Magnetic measurements performed on 1 reveal the occurrence of feld-induced spin-glass behaviour characterized by a frequency-independent relaxation. Solvent-exchange experiments lead successfully to the replacement of lattice molecules by DMSO and MeOH, which, on its part, show dominating SIM behaviour with low blocking temperatures but substantially high energy barriers for the reversal of the magnetization. Photoluminescence studied at variable temperature on compound 3 show its capacity to provide bright blue emission under UV excitation, which proceeds through a ligand-centred charge transfer mechanism as confrmed by timedependent DFT calculations. Turn-of and/or shift of the emission is observed for suspensions of 3 in diferent solvents and aqueous solutions containing metal ions