115 research outputs found
Biodegradation of phenolic compounds present in oil-mill wastewater
Las aguas residuales de la obtención del aceite de oliva
o alpechines son responsables de la mayor contaminación
medioambiental de Andalucía por su elevada carga de materia
orgánica. Su depuración por biometanización es difícil debido
a la actividad antimicrobiana de los compuestos fenólícos. Este
tipo de sustancias puede eliminarse en gran parte tratando
previamente el alpechín por vía aerobia con microorganismos
específicos, después de lo cual la depuración anaerobia tiene
lugar sin inhibiciones, siendo la constante de velocidad cinco
veces superior a la de antes del pretratamiento.
En este trabajo se hace un estudio cualitativo de los fenoles
por cromatografía en capa fina y cuantitativo de los fenoles
totales, orto- y meta-difenoles, así como de la Demanda Química
de Oxígeno del alpechín antes del tratamiento, después
del pretratamiento y después de la biometanización.
Se ha comprobado también la ausencia de leucoantocianinas
que pudieran dar origen a fenoles polimerizadosOil-mill wastewater is the main responsible of the pollution
in Andalusian due to high content of organic substances. Its
depuration by methanization is difficult because of the antimicrobial
activity of phenolic derivatives. These compounds can be
drastically reduced by a previous aerobic treatment of the oilmill
wastewater with specific microorganisms. After this pretreatment,
anaerobic depuration takes place without inhibition, the
velocity of the reaction being 5 times higher than before the pretreatment.
In this paper a qualitative study of the phenols present in
oil-mill wastewater by thin layer chromatography has been done.
Beside that, quantitative determination of total phenols, ortoand
meta-diphenols as well as Chemical Oxigen Demand (COD) before the treatment, after the pretreatment and after biomethanization
have been carried out.
Finally, leucoanthocyanins that could originate polymerized
phenols have not been foun
Kinetics of the anaerobic purification of aerobically prebiotreated olive mill wastewater
Se ha efectuado un estudio cinético del proceso de depuración
anaerobia de un alpechín previamente tratado vía aerobia
con objeto de eliminar la mayor parte de los compuestos
fenólicos responsables de su poder inhibidor.
Se utilizan dos reactores anaerobios, uno con soporte Pansil
y un Testigo sin relleno, para estudiar la influencia del soporte
de inmovilización tanto sobre las constantes biocinéticas como
sobre la eficiencia del proceso de digestión anaerobia o biometanización
de este alpechín pretratado.
A diferencia de lo que ocurre con el alpechín natural, se
observa sólo una pequeñísima disminución de las constantes
aparentes de velocidad del proceso anaerobio al aumentar la
densidad de carga. Por otra parte, no se aprecian fenómenos
de inhibición en el proceso de biometanización de este agua
residual previamente tratada de forma aerobiaA kinetic study has been carried out on the process of
anaerobic purification of an olive mill wastewater pre-treated
aerobically to eliminate the greater part of the phenolic compounds
responsible for inhibition.
Two anaerobic digesters were used, one with Pansil support,
and the other a Reference without filling. The aim was to study
the influence of the immobilization support both on the biokinetic
constants and on the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process
or biomethanization of this pre-treated olive mill wastewater. In contrast to what takes place with natural olive mill
wastewater, only a very small decrease in the apparent rate
constants of the anaerobic process was observed on increasing
load density. At the same time, no inhibition was found in the
biomethanization of this aerobically pre-treated wastewate
Estudio cinegético de la digestión anaerobia de alpechín, procedente de la extracción de aceite utilizando olivex, previamente biotratado con Geotrichum Candidum
A kinetic study of the anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater (OMW) which was obtained with the technological helper "Olivex", was carried out. An identical wastewater, obtained without this enzyme was also used. Both OMW were pre-treated aerobically with Geotrichum Candidum to eliminate the greater part of the phenolic compounds responsible for inhibition. The anaerobic process was carried out in bioreactors with microorganisms immobilized on two micronized clay supports, Sepiolite and Bentonite.
Assuming that the overall anaerobic digestion process conforms to a first-order kinetic, specific rate constants, Ko, were obtained by using the Roediger's equation in each case. In contrast to what takes place with both OMW without pretreatment, kinetic constant was observed virtually constant when the substrate concentration was increased, in the range of COD (chemical oxygen demand) studied. The mean value of this kinetic parameter was a 40% larger for the OMW obtained with Olivex compared to the reference OMW, in the two digesters used. Sepiolite favoured the kinetic and increased the yield coefficient compared to Bentonite.Se ha efectuado un estudio cinético del proceso de digestión anaerobia de un alpechín obtenido con el coadyuvante tecnológico "Olivex" en comparación con un testigo obtenido sin este enzima, que previamente han sido tratados de forma aerobia con Geotrichum Candidum para eliminar la mayor parte de los compuestos fenólicos responsables de su poder inhibidor. El proceso anaerobio se ha realizado en biorreactores con microorganismos inmovilizados en dos soportes micronizados arcillosos, Sepiolita y Bentonita.
Admitiendo que globalmente el proceso de digestión anaerobia sigue una cinética de primer orden, se obtienen las constantes específicas de velocidad, Ko, para cada caso estudiado usando la ecuación de Roediger. A diferencia de lo que ocurre con ambos alpechines sin pretratar, la constante cinética se mantiene prácticamente constante al aumentar la concentración de sustrato, dentro del intervalo DQO (demanda química de oxígeno) estudiado, no apreciándose fenómenos de inhibición. El valor medio de este parámetro cinético para el alpechín obtenido con Olivex es más del 40% superior que el correspondiente al alpechín testigo en los dos digestores utilizados. El soporte Sepiolita favorece la cinética y aumenta el coeficiente de rendimiento respecto a la Bentonita
Digestión anaerobia de las aguas de lavado de aceitunas de almazara: Influencia del período de recolección sobre la cinética del proceso
Influencia de los coadyuvantes tecnológicos utilizados en el proceso de elaboración de aceite de oliva sobre la cinética del proceso de digestión anaerobia del alpechín
Cinética del proceso de depuración anaerobia de alpechín previamente biotratado vía aerobia
A kinetic study has been carried out on the process of anaerobic purification of an olive mill wastewater pre-treated aerobically to eliminate the greater part of the phenolic compounds responsible for inhibition.
Two anaerobic digesters were used, one with Pansil support, and the other a Reference without filling. The aim was to study the influence of the immobilization support both on the biokinetic constants and on the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process or biomethanization of this pre-treated olive mill wastewater.
In contrast to what takes place with natural olive mill wastewater, only a very small decrease in the apparent rate constants of the anaerobic process was observed on increasing load density. At the same time, no inhibition was found in the biomethanization of this aerobically pre-treated wastewater.In contrast to what takes place with natural olive mill wastewater, only a very small decrease in the apparent rate constants of the anaerobic process was observed on increasing load density. At the same time, no inhibition was found in the biomethanization of this aerobically pre-treated wastewater. Se ha efectuado un estudio cinético del proceso de depuración anaerobia de un alpechín previamente tratado vía aerobia con objeto de eliminar la mayor parte de los compuestos fenólicos responsables de su poder inhibidor.
Se utilizan dos reactores anaerobios, uno con soporte Pansil y un Testigo sin relleno, para estudiar la influencia del soporte de inmovilización tanto sobre las constantes biocinéticas como sobre la eficiencia del proceso de digestión anaerobia o biometanización de este alpechín pretratado.
A diferencia de lo que ocurre con el alpechín natural, se observa sólo una pequeñísima disminución de las constantes aparentes de velocidad del proceso anaerobio al aumentar la densidad de carga. Por otra parte, no se aprecian fenómenos de inhibición en el proceso de biometanización de este agua residual previamente tratada de forma aerobia
Visibility Assessment of New Photovoltaic Power Plants in Areas with Special Landscape Value
Power plants based on renewable sources offer environmental, technical and economic advantages. Of particular importance is the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional power plants. Despite the advantages, people are often opposed to the construction of these facilities due to their high visual impact, particularly if they are close to places with a great cultural and/or landscape value. This paper proposes a new methodology for identifying the most suitable geographical areas for the construction of new photovoltaic (PV) power plants in zones of special scenic or cultural interest, helping to keep the environment free from the visual intrusions caused by these facilities. From several repeated analyses, the degree of visibility of the new PV plant, the potential observation time of passing visitors, considering the route they follow and their speed, and the increase in visibility of the plants when seen totally or partially with the sky as background, are determined. The result obtained is a map showing the ranking of the geographical areas based on a variable calculated in such analyses: the Global Accumulated Perception Time (GAPT). The application of this methodology can help the different agents involved in the decision-making process for the installation of new PV plant by providing them with an objective visibility criterion
Escucha México, Estrategias gráficas y cultura auditiva. Primavera 2022
Durante Primavera 2022, el equipo de PAP Escucha México trabajó en diferentes proyectos con el objetivo de crear conciencia y sensibilizar sobre temáticas relacionadas a la cultura y discapacidad auditiva y el ruido excesivo en Guadalajara. A través de diferentes fuentes y medios de apoyo logramos transmitir la problemática a la comunidad, esto con el propósito de crecer el conocimiento que se tiene de la cultura auditiva. Los proyectos individuales que participan dentro del PAP son Cruzada Contra el Ruido, Clínica Mariana Anaya Doll, Iniciativa México Cubrebocas Transparente, Brankia, redes sociales del PAP Escucha México, Universidad Incluyente ITESO y la planeación del 4to Encuentro Internacional de Cultura Auditiva.Cada uno de estos se enfoca en temáticas diferentes sin embargo todos engloban las mencionadas al inicio.ITESO, A.C
Factors controlling plankton community production, export flux, and particulate matter stoichiometry in the coastal upwelling system off Peru
Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) are among the most productive marine ecosystems on Earth. The production of organic material is fueled by upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters and high incident light at the sea surface. However, biotic and abiotic factors can modify surface production and related biogeochemical processes. Determining these factors is important because EBUS are considered hotspots of climate change, and reliable predictions of their future functioning requires understanding of the mechanisms driving the biogeochemical cycles therein. In this field experiment, we used in situ mesocosms as tools to improve our mechanistic understanding of processes controlling organic matter cycling in the coastal Peruvian upwelling system. Eight mesocosms, each with a volume of ∼55 m3, were deployed for 50 d ∼6 km off Callao (12∘ S) during austral summer 2017, coinciding with a coastal El Niño phase. After mesocosm deployment, we collected subsurface waters at two different locations in the regional oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and injected these into four mesocosms (mixing ratio ≈1.5 : 1 mesocosm: OMZ water). The focus of this paper is on temporal developments of organic matter production, export, and stoichiometry in the individual mesocosms. The mesocosm phytoplankton communities were initially dominated by diatoms but shifted towards a pronounced dominance of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate (Akashiwo sanguinea) when inorganic nitrogen was exhausted in surface layers. The community shift coincided with a short-term increase in production during the A. sanguinea bloom, which left a pronounced imprint on organic matter C : N : P stoichiometry. However, C, N, and P export fluxes did not increase because A. sanguinea persisted in the water column and did not sink out during the experiment. Accordingly, export fluxes during the study were decoupled from surface production and sustained by the remaining plankton community. Overall, biogeochemical pools and fluxes were surprisingly constant for most of the experiment. We explain this constancy by light limitation through self-shading by phytoplankton and by inorganic nitrogen limitation which constrained phytoplankton growth. Thus, gain and loss processes remained balanced and there were few opportunities for blooms, which represents an event where the system becomes unbalanced. Overall, our mesocosm study revealed some key links between ecological and biogeochemical processes for one of the most economically important regions in the oceans
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