10 research outputs found
In vitro evaluation of combination effects of doxorubicin with methylxanthine fractions isolated from Bancha and Pu-erh teas against breast cancer cells
- Publication venue
- 'Medip Academy'
- Publication date
- 25/09/2019
- Field of study
Background: In the present study we investigated the combination effects of anthracycline antibiotic, doxorubicin, with methylxanthine fractions isolated from Bancha and Pu-erh tea leaves, against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.Methods: Neutral red uptake assay was used for assessment of cytotoxicity effects and fractional effect analysis and combination index for evaluation of the combination effects.Results: Doxorubicin was used in varying concentrations by a double dilution method, whereas the methylxanthine fractions were in fixed concentrations – 100, 200, 400 or 600 μg/ml. Results have shown that methylxanthine fraction isolated from Bancha has synergic effects with doxorubicin, while methylxanthines from Pu-erh displayed antagonistic effects.Conclusions: Тhe obtained results lead us to suspect, that even minor differences in the composition of natural products can lead to significant differences in the biological activity of the product
Flow Cytometric Analysis of the Influence of Myosmine on the Cell Cycle
- Publication venue
- 'Croatian Chemical Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2011
- Field of study
Myosmine (3-(1-pyrrolin-2-yl)pyridine) is an alkaloid found in tobacco as well as various staple
foods, fruits and vegetables. Myosmine has recently been suspected to be a tobacco-independent carcinogenic
source. Using cell flow cytometry, we have examined the influence of myosmine on the cell cycle
of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells in vitro and have compared this with its effects on murine bone
marrow cells in vivo. Myosmine at low concentrations inhibited cell proliferation dose dependently; while
at concentrations close to 300 μmol dm−3 it acted in a cytostatic fashion, that is, it increased the percentage
of cells in the S and G2/M phases. At doses of 350–400 μmol dm−3 myosmine induced apoptosis and
the hypoploid fraction. In vivo intraperitoneal injection of mice with 100 mg/kg of myosmine resulted in a
statistically significant increase in the percentage of cells in S phase; i.e. from 13.75 to 18.22 %. The percentage
of bone marrow cells in the G2/M phase increased from 6.79 to 8.93 % in treated mice compared
to controls. All of these results are in agreement with the hypothesis that myosmine possesses genotoxic
potential. (doi: 10.5562/cca1767
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
- Author
- . Haifeng
- . Magner
- . Yin
- Abbott Scott
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- Abdellah Zahra
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- Jones Matthew
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- Jones Micheil
- Jones Myrna D.
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- Jong Pieter De
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- Joy Ann
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- Jubb Mark
- Jung Eugine
- Järke Doris
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- Kaida Kaoru
- Kale Pat
- Kalicki-Veizer Joelle
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- Kamat Asha
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- Kang Hui
- Kang Kelie
- Kang Ning
- Kapur Hitesh
- Karolchik Donna
- Karunaratne Kanchi
- Kasprzyk Arek
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- Kato Takako
- Kauer Gerhard
- Kaul Rajinder
- Kaur Amardeep
- Kawagoe Chiharu
- Kawasaki Kazuhiko
- Kay Michael
- Kaye Danielle
- Kearney Lyndal
- Keefe Damian
- Keen Gifford
- Keenan Stephen
- Kegelmeyer Laura
- Kegg Lisa
- Kelley Simon
- Kells Cristyn
- Kelly Shayna P.
- Kelly Susan H.
- Kershaw Joanna
- Kettleborough Ross
- Keys David
- Khan Arsi
- Khan Umer F.
- Khan Ziad Mohid
- Khine Susu
- Khurama Divya
- Kidd Cathy
- Kierstan Peter
- Kieu Alix
- Kim Jennifer
- Kim Joomyeong
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- Kimball Heather
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- King Laquisha Monique
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- Kiyooka Miho
- Klages Sven
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- Knights Andrew
- Kobayashi Mai
- Kodira Chinnappa
- Kohlberg Sara
- Kojima Kazuyasu
- Kolbe William
- Kong Yi
- Korf Ian
- Kosiura Anna
- Kou Zhaohui
- Kovar Christie L.
- Krawczyk Marie-Claude
- Kremitzki Colin
- Kremmidiotis Gabriel
- Krogh Anders
- Kronmiller Brent
- Kruchowski Scott S.
- Kube Michael
- Kubischta Duane
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- Kulish Larissa
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- Lad Heena
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- Laing Michael
- Laird Gavin
- Lam Edward
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- Lamar Betty
- Lambart Christine
- Lamble Ralph
- Lamerdin Jane E.
- Lander Eric S.
- Landers Tom
- Langford Cordelia
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- Lao Victoria
- Lapidus Alla
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- Lato Bernadette
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- Lau Timun
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- Levan Jaclyn M.
- Leversha Margaret
- Levine Rosie
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- Lewis Ernest K.
- Lewis Keith
- Lewis Lakeshia C.
- Lewis Lora R.
- Lewis Tammy
- Leyba Tina
- Li Changfeng
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- Li Zhangwan
- Lieuallen Kim
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- Lim Meng K.
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- Lindo Ken
- Lindquist K.
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- Lindstrom Kirsten
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- Lloyd David
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- Lock Victoria
- Lock William
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- London Darin
- London Pamela
- Longden Ian
- Longmire Johnathan L.
- Lopez Frederick
- Lopez John
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- Lopez Lora
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- Lord Rachel
- Lorensuhewa Lorna M.
- Lou Yunian
- Loulseged Hermela
- Loveland Jane
- Lovell Jamie
- Lovett Demetria A.
- Lowenstein Michael G.
- Lowry Stephen
- Lozado Ryan J.
- Lu Lingfeng
- Lu Tao
- Lu Xiuhua
- Lu Yongxiang
- Lu Yontao T.
- Lu Yue
- Lucas Robert
- Lucas Susan
- Lucier Alice
- Lucier Raymond L.
- Ludeman Thom
- Lui Annie
- Lundgren Lyndsey
- Luo Chunqing
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- Lv Gang
- Lv Gang
- Lye Georgina
- Lynch Daniel
- Löhnert Tschong-Hun
- Ma Cheng
- Ma Gary
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- Ma Jie
- Ma Peter
- Ma Qingmei
- Ma Xiaohui
- Maas Jason
- Mabbitt Richard
- Macdonald Pendexter
- Machrus Migdad
- Macht Madison
- Macken Catherine A.
- MacLean Christine
- Madabhushi Ramki
- Madu Renita C.
- Maeda Hideto
- Maglott Donna
- Maheshwari Manjula
- Mahindartne Mathew
- Mahmoodi Venus
- Mahnke Ryan
- Mailey Brian
- Major John
- Malfatti Stephanie
- Malloy Kevin
- Maltbie Mary I.
- Mangum Brian
- Manning Jonathan
- Manohar Chitra
- Mapua Patricia
- Marabella Dick
- Mardis Elaine R.
- Mareth David
- Mariano Marisa
- Marinelli Lisa
- Mark Graham A.
- Marquis-Homeyer Catherine
- Marr Thomas G.
- Marra Marco
- Marriott Neil
- Marrone Anne
- Marroquin Christian
- Marsden Paul
- Marsh Victoria
- Martin Christopher
- Martin Joel
- Martin Kirt
- Martin Matthew
- Martin Sancha
- Martindale Ashley D.
- Martinez Diego
- Martinez Evangelina
- Martinez Michele
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- Maru Kebede
- Maruyama Kayo
- Maslen Gareth
- Mason Debbie
- Masood Hadi
- Massey Elizabeth
- Matsuda Fumihiko
- Matsumoto Shuko
- Matsushita Yoshitaka
- Matthews Charles D.
- Matthews Lucy
- Matthews Nick
- Matthews Paul
- Matthews Sterling D.
- Mauceli Evan
- Maunes Cynthia
- Maupin Rachel
- Mawhiney Samantha
- Maynard Madalynne
- McCann Owen
- McCarthy Megan
- McClay Joseph
- McCollum Craig
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- McCormick Mary Kay
- McCready Paula
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- McDonald Louise
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- McGhee Tina
- McGuire Sarah
- McGurn Phil
- McKeown Carole
- McLaren Stuart
- McLay Kirsten
- McLean James
- McLellan Michael D.
- McLeod Michael P.
- McMurdo John
- McMurray Amanda
- McMurray Des
- McMurray Kimberly
- McMurray Kimberly L.
- McNinch Jenny
- McPherson John
- McPherson John D.
- McVicker Graham
- McWilliams Natalie
- Mead Kelly
- Meador Michael G.
- Medina Catherine
- Mehta Nalini
- Meidi Patrick
- Meier Elke
- Meincke Linda J.
- Mejima Mio
- Meldrim James
- Melsopp Craig
- Mendez Sylvia
- Meneus Louis
- Meng Shanshan
- Menuge Noel
- Mercado Christian
- Mercado George
- Mercado Iracema C.
- Mercer Simon
- Merritt Christina E.
- Mesirov Jill P.
- Metzker Michael Lee
- Meyer Rekha
- Meyer Rick
- Miah Asab
- Michaelis Evelyn
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- Mieczkowski Carl
- Mier Maggie
- Miguel Trini
- Mihalev Atanas
- Mihalkanin Danielle
- Mihova Tanya
- Miles Simon
- Mileur Mason W.
- Miller Christie
- Miller Donald
- Miller Nancy
- Milne Sarah
- Miner George R.
- Miner Sheri
- Miner Tracie
- Minja Emmanuel
- Minoshima Shinsei
- Minx Patrick J.
- Misra Monica
- Mistry Dippica
- Mistry Shailesh
- Mitchell Jake
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- Montgomery Mishelle
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- Morgan Margaret B.
- Morita Hiroko
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- Moyzis Robert K.
- Mu Feng
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- Mullenger Ian
- Mullikin Jim
- Mulrain Leon
- Munday Brian
- Munday Elaine
- Mundt Mark O.
- Mungall Andy
- Munidasa Mala
- Munk A. Christine
- Munk Christie A.
- Munson Glen
- Murakami Katsuhiko
- Murayama Yuji
- Murnane Clare
- Murphy Matthew B.
- Murphy Michael
- Murray Christine
- Murray Debra Dianne
- Murray Jennifer
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- Müller Ines
- Nagamine Kentaro
- Nagao Syunsuke
- Nagaraja R.
- Nair Latha
- Nair Seema R.
- Naka Maho
- Nakagawa Masayo
- Nakagawa Saori
- Nakamura Etsuko
- Nakato Eriko
- Nanavati Amit N.
- Nandkeshwar Richard
- Nankervis Colin E.
- Naranjo Cleo M.
- Nash William
- Naylor Jerome
- Nazareth Lynne V.
- Neal Dearl D.
- Negus David
- Nelson Catherine
- Nelson David O.
- Nelson Deborah A.
- Nelson Joanne
- Nelson Kathryn
- Nelson Ward
- Nesbitt Ryan
- Neunkirch Jennifer
- Newes Christian
- Newman April
- Ng Bee
- Ng Terrance
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- Nguyen Lisa
- Nguyen Minh
- Nguyen Na
- Nguyen Natalie M.
- Nguyen Ngoc Bich
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- Nhan Mike
- Ni Lin
- Niblett David
- Nicholson Jonathan
- Nickerson Elizabeth
- Nickerson Tim
- Nicol Robert
- Nijjar Sukhjit
- Ning Zemin
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- Niu Yuxin
- Niu Yuxin
- Nivens Amber
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- Norbu Chou Dolma
- Norbu Nyima
- Nordsiek Gabriele
- Norris Sarah Louise
- Novik Karen
- Nowlin Larry
- Nusbaum Chad
- Nwaokelemeh Ogechi O.
- Nwokenkwo Stanley
- O\u27Donnell Paula
- O\u27Donovan Daniel
- O\u27Leary Sinead
- O\u27Loughlin Jennifer
- O\u27Neill Keith
- Obayashi Izumi
- Obregon Melissa
- Oddone Paola
- Oddone Pierre
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- Ohmori Kyoko
- Ohno Saho
- Ohta Nao
- Ohtsubo Masafumi
- Oinn Tom
- Okoawo Ose
- Okui Michiyo
- Okumura Reina
- Okwuonu Geoffrey O.
- Okwuonu Kenneth C.
- Olarnpunsagoon Alisa
- Olivas Jason
- Oliver Hayley
- Oliver Karen
- Olsen Anne S.
- Olson Maynard V.
- Omotosho Bamidele
- Onoda Junko
- Oomori Nobuhiro
- Ooshima Kenshiro
- Oragunye Njideka
- Orantes Jerry
- Orbell Helena
- Osada Misuzu
- Osborn Anthony
- Osborne Joan
- Osman Sahal
- Ovcharenko Ivan
- Overton-Larty Emma
- Oviedo Rodolfo J.
- Ow David
- Ozawa Ritsuko
- Ozersky Philip
- Pace Araceli C.
- Pack Elizabeth
- Padki Anuradha
- Pahlavan Shane
- Palaniappan Krishnaveni
- Palazzolo Michael
- Palmeiri Anthony
- Palmer Sophie
- Pan Jiaofeng
- Pan Sisu
- Panasenko Vladimir
- Pandian Richard
- Parker Adrian
- Parker David Neil
- Parker Stephen
- Parkin Christopher
- Parkin Kim
- Parks Kenya L.
- Parry-Brown Ginny
- Parson-Quintana Beverly
- Pasternak Shiran
- Patel Bella Mayurkumar
- Patel Dina
- Patel Jalpa N.
- Patel Ritesh
- Patel Shripa
- Patel Vishal V.
- Patrick James
- Paul Heidie A.
- Paul Shelia
- Paulson Edward
- Payton Brett A.
- Pearce Alexandra
- Pearman Charlene
- Pearson Danita
- Pecherer Robert M.
- Peck Anna
- Peck Richard
- Pedan John
- Pelan Sarah
- Pelletier Eric
- Peng Vivian
- Peng Vivian
- Peng Yi
- Peng Yi
- Peng Ze
- Peng Ze
- Pennacchio Len A.
- Pennacchio Len A.
- Percy Chantel
- Perez Agapito
- Perez Lesette M.
- Perito Andrew
- Perrault Isabelle
- Perrier Rene
- Perrier Rene
- Perrin William
- Pesavento Brad
- Peters Anna
- Peters Leonard G.
- Peterson Jane
- Peterson Karl
- Petit Jean-Louis
- Pettett Roger
- Petz Uta
- Pfeiffer Joyce
- Phan Hoan
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- Phillimore Ben
- Phillips Kim
- Phillips Samantha
- Phulchung Tenzin
- Phunkang Pema
- Pickens Adam
- Pieper Natasha
- Pierre Nadia
- Piqani Bruno
- Piscia C.
- Pitesky Maurice
- Pitluck Sam
- Plajzer-Frick Ingrid
- Platt Darren
- Platzer Matthias
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- Plumb Bob
- Pocock Matthew
- Pohl Craig
- Poindexter Alan
- Poliakov Alex
- Pollard Martin
- Polman Jos
- Ponting Chris P.
- Porter Aaron
- Porter Keith
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- Posada Martha
- Potter Christopher
- Potter Simon
- Poundstone Pat
- Pourrajabi Nima M.
- Powell Don
- Powell Jason
- Prado Daisy
- Prange Christa
- Prathalingham Radhika
- Predki Paul
- Prigmore Elena
- Primus Eltrick L.
- Primus Jennifer
- Probst Lyle
- Procter Glenn
- Pruitt Kim
- Pu Ling-Ling
- Puazo Maria
- Putnam Nicholas
- Qasem Osama
- Qi Qiuhui
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- Qi Xiaohua
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- Qian Zengmin
- Qiang Boqin
- Qiang Boqin
- Qiao Zhenyong
- Qin Xiang
- Quail Michael
- Quan Glenda
- Quarrie Hannah
- Quiles Miyo M.
- Quince Chris
- Quiroz Juana B.
- Qureshi Matloob
- Rabata Dina
- Rachlin Eric K.
- Rachupka Anthony
- Radionenko Maxim
- Rajagopal Mohan
- Ramasami Umadevi
- Rameau Rayale
- Ramirez Lucia
- Ramirez Melissa
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- Ranby Sally
- Rance Richard
- Rand Vikki
- Randall-Maher Jennifer
- Randolph David
- Randolph James
- Rapier Irma
- Rappaport Barry
- Rash Sam
- Ratford Joanne
- Ratford Lewis
- Ratliff Robert I.
- Ray Aditya
- Ray Vernada
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- Raymond Christina
- Read Daniel
- Redhead Donald
- Redon Richard
- Rees Christine
- Reeves Kacy
- Regala Warren
- Reichwald Kathrin
- Reid Mary
- Reigh Richard A.
- Reily Amy D.
- Reinhardt Astrid
- Reinhardt Richard
- Reiter Charlie
- Ren Shuangxi
- Ren Shuangxi
- Ren Yanru
- Retterer James
- Rice Alex
- Rice Catherine
- Rice Peter
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- Richard Suzzanne
- Richards Stephen
- Richardson Kristi
- Richardson Paul
- Richardson Paul
- Richardson Susan
- Ricke Darryl O.
- Ridler Kerry
- Riethman Harold
- Riethoven Lyn
- Rigby Rachel
- Riley B.E
- Rise Cecil
- Rivera Angel
- Rives Catharine M.
- Road JungShing
- Robert Catherine
- Roberts Simon
- Robinson Chris
- Robinson Dezere
- Robinson Donna I.
- Robinson Donna L.
- Robinson Melanie
- Rochford Rebecca
- Rock Susan M.
- Rodkey Travis L.
- Rodriguez Alex
- Rodriguez Joseph
- Rodriguez Juan
- Rogers Jane
- Rogers Lisa
- Rogers Stephanine
- Rogosin Andrea
- Rogov Peter
- Rohlfing Theresa
- Rojas Alberto
- Rokhsar Daniel
- Rong Li
- Rong Li
- Rosenbloom Kate R.
- Roskin Krishna M.
- Ross Hugh
- Ross Mark
- Ross Stephanie
- Rowen Lee
- Rubenfield Marc
- Rubin Edward M.
- Ruef Barbara
- Ruiz Erica M.
- Ruiz San Juana
- Rule Angela
- Rule James
- Rule Jeffrey
- Russell Ben
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- Ryan Andrea
- Sabo Aniko
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- Safdar Kamal
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- Sakaki Yoshiyuki
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- Santoyo-Lopez Javier
- Sanuki Naoko
- Sarmiento R.
- Sasaki Takashi
- Satpathy Suraj
- Saunders David
- Saunders Elizabeth H.
- Saurin William
- Savery Glenford G.
- Sawada Nori
- Sawhill William W.
- Saxman Eric
- Scarpelli Claude
- Scharfe Maren
- Schatzkamer Kyriena L.
- Scherer Steven Edward
- Schilhabel Markus
- Schlessinger David
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- Schnabl Matthew
- Schuler Gregory
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- Scott Carol
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- Seager Fiona
- Seaman Christopher
- Seaman Steven
- Searle Margaret
- Searle Paul
- Searle Stephen
- Sehra Harminder
- Seitz Kathleen
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- Shen Yan
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- Sheridan Andrew
- Sheridan Elizabeth
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- Shindoh Nobuaki
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- Shiohama Aiko
- Shoji Minami
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- Siddiqui Roman
- Siepel Adam C.
- Silk Richard
- Silk Richard
- Sims Matthew
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- Smith Lorraine
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- Sneath Hannah
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- Soderlund Cari
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- Solovyev Victor
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- Sonaike Titilola
- Song Liping
- Song Liping
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- Song Xing-Zhi
- Sonnhammer Erik
- Sonnhammer Erik
- Sorelle Richard P.
- Sotheran Elizabeth
- Sougnez Carrie
- Spainhower Corey
- Sparks Anastasia L.
- Spencer Brian
- Spieth John
- Spooner William
- Spraggon Lee
- Sqaures Suzanna
- Squares Janet
- Stabenau Arne
- Stables Michael
- Stalker James
- Stalker John
- Stallings Raymond I.
- Stalvey Malinda
- Stamford Steve
- Stammers Melanie
- Standring Lisa
- Stange-Thomann Nicole
- Stavropoulos Sharon
- Steffen David
- Stege Justin T.
- Steingruber Helen
- Stephens Yvonne
- Stephens-Bolds Shaela
- Stetson Kevin
- Stevko Victor
- Steward Charles
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- Still Ian
- Stock Mo
- Stone Casey
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- Stoppard Lisa
- Storey Philip
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- Stubbs Lisa
- Stubbs Matthew
- Stultz Janet
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- Su Xiaohu
- Subramanian Sandhya
- Subramanian Sandhya
- Sudbrak Ralf
- Sugnet Charles W.
- Sulston John
- Summers Leslie J.
- Sun Hui
- Sun Jiajia
- Sun Jiandong
- Sun Jiu Qin
- Sun Min
- Sun Tao
- Sun Wei
- Sun Yongqiao
- Sun Yu
- Sun Yue
- Sutherland Grant R.
- Sutherland Robert D.
- Sutton Angelica E.
- Svatek Amanda F.
- Svetz Jessica
- Svetz Leah Anne
- Swainson Chris
- Swann Mark
- Swarbreck David
- Swearengen-Shahid Sharhonda
- Sycamore Neil
- Ségurens Béatrice
- Tabor Paul E.
- Tacey Kristina
- Tagett Beckie
- Tagney Matthew
- Tahara Takashi
- Takahashi Keiko
- Takano Nobuhiro
- Takaoka Tori
- Takayanagi Atsushi
- Takenaka Tracy
- Talamas Jessica
- Tam Serena
- Tamerisa Kavitha S.
- Tamirisa Aparna
- Tan Olivia
- Tan Steven
- Tan Xinyu
- Tan Xinyu
- Tang Hongli
- Tang Xiangjun
- Tansey Jennifer
- Tao Ran
- Tapia Roxanne
- Taring Elizabeth
- Tatsuyama Miho
- Tatum Owatha I.
- Taudien Stefan
- Taylor Amy
- Taylor Christina C.
- Taylor Gillian
- Taylor Kate
- Taylor Ruth
- Taylor Sam
- Taylor Susan
- Taylor Tineace R.
- Taylor Todd Duane
- Tchuinga Pierre
- Tee Louise
- Telford Ethan Brett
- Tenzin Pema
- Terada Yoriko
- Terry Astrid
- Tesfaye Senait
- Tesmer Judith G.
- Tester Julieanne
- Thayer Nina
- Theaker Andrew
- Theil James
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- Thexton David
- Thies Stephanie
- Thomas Craig
- Thomas Daniel
- Thomas Daryl J.
- Thomas Karen
- Thomas Nicole
- Thomas Paulette
- Thomas Ruth
- Thomas Shereen
- Thommai Roselin
- Thompson Linda S.
- Thorne Rachel Diane
- Thorpe Andrea
- Thorpe Karen
- Thoulutsang Yama
- Threadgold Glen
- Thurston Scott
- Tian Chaoguang
- Tian Chaoguang
- Tian Wei
- Tian Yan
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- Tice Hope
- Tighe Damon
- Tin-Wollam Aye M.
- Tinsley Emma
- Tochigi Miwako
- Togashi Naoko
- Tomizawa Iori
- Tomlinson Chad
- Tong Jingli
- Topham Kerri
- Torcaso Bill
- Torney David C.
- Totoki Yasushi
- Towey Sarah
- Toyoda Atsushi
- Tracey Alan
- Tran Ly Thanh
- Tran-Gyamfi Mary
- Trani Lee
- Trankiem Margie
- Trask Barbara J.
- Travers Johnathan
- Trejos Zulma Y.
- Treuhaft Marianne
- Trevino Brenda Kaye
- Tromans Anthony
- Trong Stephan
- Trumbower Heather
- Tsai Ming
- Tsamla Tsamla
- Tsolas Jason
- Tsomo Nawang
- Tsujimoto Susan
- Tsukamoto Yumi
- Tsuruoka Hiromi
- Tsuzuki Rina
- Tu Yuefeng
- Tu Yuefeng
- Tubby Ben
- Tufarelli Cristina
- Turner Heidi
- Turney Kathryn
- Tynan Katherine
- Ueland Stephanie
- Ueng Samantha
- Ukegbu Ogechi Nkemdirim
- Ulanovsky Levy E.
- Un Chun
- Ung Quyen
- Upson Darren
- Urban Jeremy B.
- Ureta-Vidal Abel
- Ureta-Vidal Abel
- Usmani Kamran
- Ustaszewska Anna
- Uyama Nozomi
- Valas Ruben E.
- Valdez Michelle
- Valle Duane
- Valles Yvonne
- Van Brunt Andrew
- Van Dilla Marvin
- Van Helmond Zoe
- Van Luchene Ryan
- Vardanian Zachary
- Vargas Michelle
- Vargo Charles E.
- Vartanian Steffan
- Vasquez Lydia I.
- Vassiliev Helen
- Vastrik Imre
- Vaudin Mark
- Veil Rose
- Veklerov Eugene
- Velasco Nelson
- Velasquez Lisa
- Venkataranan Vijay
- Vera Virginia A.
- Verduzco Daniel
- Vergez Lisa
- Vico Virginie
- Viknaraja Ramya
- Villasana Donna M.
- Vine Wendy
- Viswanathan Vijay
- Vo Andy
- Vo Nu
- Voak Paul
- Vollenhoven David
- Wada Hiromi
- Wagner Mark
- Wagner-McPherson Caryn
- Waldron Lenee
- Waligorski Jason E.
- Walker Davian L.
- Walker Keya
- Walker Sarah
- Wall Melanie
- Wall Randy E.
- Wallace John
- Wallis Justine
- Wallis Michelle
- Walsh Jennifer
- Walsham Natalie
- Wan Ma
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- Wang Huifeng
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- Wang Jun
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- Wang Wenjun
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- Wang Xuegang
- Wang Yan
- Wang Yimin
- Wang Ying
- Wang Ying
- Wang Yuanyuan
- Wangchuck Tsering
- Wangdi Tsering
- Ward-Moore Stephanie
- Warren Graham
- Warren James T.
- Warry Georgina
- Watanabe Hidemi
- Watanabe Saki
- Waterston Robert H.
- Watson Andy
- Watt Nicola
- Webb Anthony
- Webb Jeannette
- Webber Caleb
- Weber Ryan J.
- Wehri Edward
- Wei Shulin
- Wei Xuehong
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- Weinstock George
- Weinstock Keith
- Weir John
- Weissenbach Jean
- Wells Alan
- Wells Sarah
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- Wen Gaiping
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- Weng Li
- Wenning Sarah
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- Werler Daniela
- Wesley Mary Melissa
- West Paul
- West Tony
- Wetterstrand Kris
- Wheatley Angela
- Wheatley Carl
- Wheeler David A.
- Wheeler Gideon
- Wheeler Jeremy
- Whitaker Hayley
- White Adam
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- White Jennifer
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- White P. Scott
- White Scott P.
- White Simon
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- Whittaker Pamela
- Wickremasinghe Manosha I.
- Widaa Sara
- Wiegel Sarah
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- Wilkinson Jane
- Wilkinson Jane
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- Willey David
- Williams Albert L.
- Williams Andy
- Williams Bill
- Williams Gabrielle A.
- Williams Leanne
- Williamson Angela L.
- Williamson Helen
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- Wills Richard
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- Wilming Laurens
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- Wilson Richard K.
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- Wohldmann Patty
- Wollard Jessica
- Womack Andrew W.
- Wong Benjamin
- Wong Gane K-S
- Wood Diane
- Wood Emma
- Wood Joe
- Wooden Hailey S.
- Wooden Steven H.
- Woodeson Sharon
- Woodfine Kathryn
- Woodmansey Rebecca
- Woods Eric
- Woodwark Cara
- Wooster Richard
- Worley Kim Carlyle
- Woyke Tanja
- Wray Matthew
- Wray Paul
- Wright Charmain
- Wright Debbie
- Wright Kathrine
- Wright Kristin
- Wright Rita A.
- Wu Chungen
- Wu Dongying
- Wu Jiaqian
- Wu Jung-Rung
- Wu Kevin
- Wu Qingfa
- Wu Qingfa
- Wu Ruiming
- Wu Xiao
- Wu Xiaojing
- Wu Zaining
- Wyatt Julia
- Wycoff-Montenegro Melissa
- Wylie Kris
- Wyman Dudley
- Wyman Stacia
- Xi Yan
- Xi Yingying
- Xie Fei
- Xie Gary
- Xie Jane
- Xiong Hui
- Xiong Yuqing
- Xu Alex
- Xu Jing
- Xu Jing
- Xu Ruqin
- Xu Shuhua
- Xu Wei
- Xu Xinlai
- Xu Yan
- Xu Yuning
- Xu Zhihong
- Xu Zuyuan
- Xuan Yali
- Xuan Zhenyu
- Xue Rui
- Yada Tetsushi
- Yadav Shailendra
- Yakub Syed
- Yamamoto Lynn
- Yamamoto Noriko
- Yamamoto Yuko
- Yamashita Yasue
- Yamazaki Satoru
- Yang Hao
- Yang Huanming
- Yang Huanming
- Yang Joan
- Yang Shiaw-Pyng
- Yang Shudong
- Yang Xiaonan
- Yang Xiaonan
- Yang Xiaoping
- Yang Yongkui
- Yano Candance
- Yao Zhijian
- Yao Zhijian
- Yaspo Marie-Laure
- Ye Chen
- Yeager Shane
- Yeh Mimi
- Yen Jennifer
- Yeshitela Rahel Retta
- Yoakum Martin
- Yokobata Kathy
- Yokoyama Jennifer
- Yonezawa Miho
- Yoon Lillienne
- Yoon Vivienne
- Yoshida Satoru
- You Bo
- Young Geneva
- Young Louise
- Young Shelia
- Younger Ruth
- Yu Bing
- Yu Charles
- Yu Fuli
- Yu Jun
- Yu Jun
- Yu Jun
- Yuan Kaiwen
- Yuan Ye
- Yuan Yida
- Yue Shujie
- Yumae Brian
- Yun Rui
- Zainoun Joanne
- Zembeck Lisa
- Zeng Yixin
- Zhai Dong
- Zhan Guoping
- Zhang Bo
- Zhang Caimin
- Zhang Fengmei
- Zhang Guangyu
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingkun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Lanzhi
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Meihua
- Zhang Meng
- Zhang Ming
- Zhang Qing
- Zhang Ruhua
- Zhang Shaojie
- Zhang Tiezhen
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xiaoliang
- Zhang Xiuqing
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Yi
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Ying
- Zhang Yuansen
- Zhang Yuzhi
- Zhang Zhengdong
- Zhao Hongmei
- Zhao Lijian
- Zhao Shenru
- Zhao Zhijing
- Zhen Zhicheng
- Zheng Haibo
- Zhong Ming
- Zhou Carol
- Zhou Haixia
- Zhou Jianling
- Zhou Nannan
- Zhou Xinfeng
- Zhou Yan
- Zhou Yang
- Zhou Yi
- Zhu Bingying
- Zhu Bofeng
- Zhu Fenghua
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Miao
- Zhu Ning
- Zhu Yongge
- Zhu Zhen
- Zhuang Shitao
- Zierten Deborah
- Zimmer Andrew
- Zody Michael C.
- Zollo Massimo
- Zorrilla Sara E.
- Zuo Lin
- Publication venue
- LSU Digital Commons
- Publication date
- 21/10/2004
- Field of study
The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead
(European Economic Integration)
- Author
- ) Miskolc
- ) Miskolc
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- ?????????
- ??????????
- ??????????
- ??????????
- ???????????
- A G Bertelsmann
- Aleksandar Shivarov
- Andrea Gubik
- Atanas Atanasov
- Bistra Koleva
- Ellbieta Kawecka-Wyrzykowska
- Energy
- Eurofound
- Georgi Marinov
- Ivan Iliev
- Ivan Roussev
- J Pinder
- M Benton
- M Bye
- Petyo Boshnakov
- Svetla Boneva
- Th Huddleston
- Valentina Genova Makni
- Vesselina Dimitrova
- Zoltan Bartha
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2014
- Field of study
Current bioeconomical interest in stramenopilic Eustigmatophyceae: a review
- Author
- A. Sukenik
- Alboresi A
- Bae JB
- Balakrishnan S
- Blagoy Uzunov
- Campaña-Torres AL
- Cohen Z.
- Cvetanka Borisova
- Dinesh Kumar S
- EFSA
- Fui CF
- Fukusho K
- Georg Gärtner
- Goh LP
- Goh SH
- Herbaut C
- Iliev I
- Ivan Atanassov
- Iwamoto H
- Landmark K
- Mariana Radkova
- Maya Stoyneva-Gärtner
- McGee H
- Mishra VK
- Mourelle L
- Pachiappan P
- Petya Draganova
- Petya Stoykova
- Rai SV
- Stolz P
- Wang D
- Xuecheng XNZ
- Zhang J
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and colitis
- Author
- A Kaser
- C Schmidt
- E Volpe
- EA Kiss
- F Annunziato
- FJ Quintana
- FJ Quintana
- Francesco Pallone
- G Monteleone
- GH Perdew
- Giovanni Monteleone
- H Cheroutre
- H Spits
- I Monteleone
- ID Iliev
- II Ivanov
- Ivan Monteleone
- J Cosnes
- J Cosnes
- J Seiderer
- JK Hou
- JM Benson
- JS Lee
- K Furumatsu
- K Sugimoto
- L Apetoh
- LA Zenewicz
- M Rodriguez-Sosa
- M Veldhoen
- MS Alam
- MS Denison
- NP Singh
- PG Godet
- R Arsenescu
- R Caruso
- R Gandhi
- S Fujino
- S Huber
- T Takamura
- TT MacDonald
- U Rannug
- W Strober
- W Strober
- Y Li
- YZ Gu
- Z Huang
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Carotenoids in five aeroterrestrial strains from Vischeria/Eustigmatos
- Author
- Anderson JM
- Antia NJ
- Bjørnland T
- Blagoy Uzunov
- Cavalier-Smith T
- Cavalier-Smith T
- Christensen T
- Croteau R
- Cvetanka Borisova
- D. J. Hibberd
- de Reviers B
- de Reviers B
- DM. John
- DM. John
- E. Gantt
- Egeland ES
- ES. Egeland
- Gabrielson PW
- Georg Gärtner
- Goodwin TW
- Graham LE
- Guillard RRL
- Gärtner G
- Hibberd DJ
- Hibberd DJ
- Hofbauer KW
- Iliev I
- Ivan Atanassov
- Ivayla Dincheva
- Jeffrey SW
- Jeffrey SW
- Kawai H
- Kawai H
- Loeblich AR
- Lubián LM
- Lubián LM
- Lubián LM
- Lubián LM
- Margulis L
- Maruyama I
- Maya Stoyneva-Gärtner
- Neto FC
- P. Heywood
- Patterson DJ
- Petya Draganova
- Petya Stoykova
- Ragan MA
- Rowan KS
- S. Liaaen-Jensen
- Santos LMA
- South RG
- Stoykova P
- Stoyneva-Gärtner MP
- Stransky H
- Stransky H
- Sukenik A
- Sun Z
- Temniskova DN
- van den HC
- van den HC
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- Field of study
The genomic history of southeastern Europe
- Author
- A Agresti
- A Keller
- A Mittnik
- A Omrak
- Abigail Ash
- Adina Boroneanţ
- AL Price
- Alexandra Kozak
- Alexey G. Nikitin
- Alicja Budnik
- Alissa Mittnik
- Anastasia Papathanasiou
- Andrej Starović
- Angela Simalcsik
- Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- AW Briggs
- B Bramanti
- Beatriz Gamarra
- Ben Krause-Kyora
- Bence Viola
- Bernard Gély
- Bisserka Gaydarska
- Borislava Galabova
- C Posth
- Catalin Lazar
- Christophe Cupillard
- Clive Bonsall
- Corinne Thevenet
- Cosimo Posth
- Cristian Virag
- D Boric´
- D Petkova
- Damian Labuda
- Daniel Fernandes
- Darko Komšo
- David Caramelli
- David Reich
- Denise Keating
- DH Alexander
- DJ Kennett
- Domenico Lo Vetro
- Dorothée G. Drucker
- Douglas J. Kennett
- Dragana Antonović
- Dušan Borić
- DW Anthony
- DY Telegin
- Dženi Los
- Eadaoin Harney
- Elizaveta Veselovskaya
- Eppie Jones
- ER Jones
- ER Jones
- Fabio Martini
- Fanica Veljanovska
- Francesca Candilio
- Frédérique Valentin
- G Brandt
- Georgi Ganetsovski
- Giulio Catalano
- GJ van Klinken
- Gloria González Fortes
- GM Kılınç
- GT Cook
- Gunita Zariņa
- H Li
- Harald Meller
- Hervé Bocherens
- I Lazaridis
- I Lazaridis
- I Lazaridis
- I Mathieson
- I Olalde
- I Olalde
- Iain Mathieson
- Inna Potekhina
- Isil Kucukkalipci
- Ivan Valchev
- Ivaylo Lozanov
- Ivor Janković
- Ivor Karavanić
- Iñigo Olalde
- J Dabney
- Johannes Krause
- Jonas Oppenheimer
- Josip Burmaz
- Joško Zaninović
- Katerina Harvati
- Kath McSweeney
- Kathrin Nägele
- Kendra Sirak
- Krassimir Leshtakov
- Kristin Stewardson
- Krum Bacvarov
- Kurt W. Alt
- L Saag
- LD Brown
- LM Cassidy
- Luca Sineo
- M Gallego Llorente
- M Gurova
- M Kircher
- M Lipson
- M Raghavan
- M Stuiver
- Maja Čuka
- Malcolm Lillie
- Maleen Leppek
- Maria Malina
- Maria Teschler-Nicola
- Mario Novak
- Mario Šlaus
- Marko Menđušić
- Martina Lari
- Matthew Ferry
- ME Allentoft
- Megan Michel
- Mende Balázs Gusztáv
- Michael Bolus
- Michael Francken
- MM DeAngelis
- N Patterson
- N Rohland
- N Rohland
- Nadezhda Atanassova
- Nadin Rohland
- Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht
- Nedko Elenski
- Nicholas J. Conard
- Nick Patterson
- Olivia Cheronet
- P Korlević
- P Skoglund
- P Skoglund
- Pavel Mirea
- Petar Stanev
- Philipp W. Stockhammer
- Q Fu
- Q Fu
- Q Fu
- Q Fu
- R Longin
- Radian Andreescu
- Raiko Krauß
- Richard Cottiaux
- Ron Pinhasi
- S Mallick
- Sahra Talamo
- Saskia Pfrengle
- Sergey Vasilyev
- Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg
- Stanislav Iliev
- Stefan Alexandrov
- Stefan Chohadzhiev
- Stefania Vai
- Steve Zäuner
- Svetlana Venelinova
- Swapan Mallick
- T Maricic
- T. Douglas Price
- TA Brown
- Tamás Hajdu
- Tamás Szeniczey
- Thomas Higham
- TS Korneliussen
- Vanya Petrova
- Veneta Handzhyiska
- Vladimir Slavchev
- Vyacheslav Moiseyev
- W Haak
- Wolfgang Haak
- Yavor Boyadzhiev
- Z Hofmanová
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 19/09/2017
- Field of study
Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-seventh millennium bc, and was associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the southeast before spreading throughout Europe. Here, to understand the dynamics of this process, we analysed genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12000 and 500 bc. We document a west-east cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and, in eastern Europe, the early stages in the formation of Bronze Age steppe ancestry. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe dispersed through southeastern Europe with limited hunter-gatherer admixture, but that some early groups in the southeast mixed extensively with hunter-gatherers without the sex-biased admixture that prevailed later in the north and west. We also show that southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between east and west after the arrival of farmers, with intermittent genetic contact with steppe populations occurring up to 2,000 years earlier than the migrations from the steppe that ultimately replaced much of the population of northern Europe.Iain Mathieson … Wolfgang Haak … David Reic
Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial
- Author
- Abbott J
- Abe Mitsuru
- Abouglila Kamal
- Abrahamovych Orest
- Abu-Fadel Mazen
- Accini Jose
- Acikel Sadik
- Adhyapak Srilakshmi
- Agaiby John
- Aggarwala Guarav
- Aguilera Roberto M
- Ahn Taehoon
- Aksentiev Sergei
- Akyea-Djamson Ayim
- Al-Amin Jessie
- Al-Faleh Hussam
- Al-Saif Shukri
- Al-Shehri Abdullah
- Al-Zoebi Ayham
- Aladellie Layth
- Albisu Juan
- Alfata Sarab
- Alshehri Halia
- Alvarado Odilon
- Alvarez Jose
- Alvarisqueta Andres
- Amerena John
- Amerena John
- Amin Amit
- Amoroso Giovanni
- Andersson Marielle
- Andersson Marielle
- Andersson Marielle
- Andrawis Nabil
- Andries Alin
- Andrássy Péter
- Angerås Oskar
- Angiolillo Dominick
- Angoulvant Denis
- Ansari Saadat
- Antalik Lubomir
- Aoyama Takahiko
- Appel Karl-Friedrich
- Arana Camilo
- Arat Alev
- Arbanil Hugo
- Arora Satish
- Arriagada German
- Arshad Tamjeed
- Arslan Sakir
- Arvind Moogali
- Arya Ktut
- Asenjo Roberto M
- Asfour Wail
- Askar Alfredo N
- Assanelli Emilio
- Atieh Mahmoud
- Auer Johann
- Avino David
- Babapulle Mohan
- Babilonia Noe
- Babilonia Noe A
- Bae Jang-Whan
- Baglikov Andrey
- Bailey Allan
- Bailey Gordon
- Bain Stephen
- Bakai Judit
- Bakhtari Ladan
- Ballyuzek Marina
- Bander Jeffrey
- Bandh Stellan
- Banerjee Subhash
- Banerjee Supratim
- Banerjee Suvro
- Barabashkina Anna
- Baracioli Luciano
- Barbarash Olga
- Barbas Benny
- Barettella Mark
- Bashkin Amir
- Basiak Marcin
- Baszak Jacek
- Bata Iqbal
- Bauer Michael
- Bayat Junaid
- Bazari Rasha
- Bednarova Jana
- Behnke Thomas
- Bell Alan
- Belle-Isle Jasmin
- Bellotti Sandro
- Belohlavek Jan
- Benczur Bela
- Bennett James
- Berg-Johansen Jan
- Berger Rudolf
- Berrospi Percy
- Bertolet Barry
- Bertrand Olivier
- Bertsch John
- Besada Diego
- Bessoudo Ricardo
- Beth Mary
- Bhargava Anuj
- Bhatt Deepak L
- Bhatt Deepak L
- Bhavsar Janak
- Bijata-Bronisz Renata
- Bittar George
- Bitters J'Cinda
- Black Robert
- Blagden Mark
- Blanco Antonio
- Blick David
- Bochenek Anna
- Boldueva Svetlana
- Bolshoun David
- Bonansea Teresa C
- Bongo Angelo S
- Bordonava Anselmo
- Borges Joao
- Borisov Borislav
- Bortnick Anna
- Bos Robert
- Botelho Roberto
- Botero Rodrigo
- Botero Rodrigo
- Bott Jochen
- Bouza Manuel
- Boyrazian Hagop
- Brabham David
- Braganza Denise
- Brath Helmut
- Brockmyre Andrew
- Broker Robert
- Brown Christopher
- Buchbinder Maurice
- Bueno Héctor
- Bugan Viliam
- Bula Larysa
- Burgess Lesley
- Busak Ladislav
- Busch Robert
- Busz-Papiez Benita
- Butman Samuel
- Buysschaert Ian
- Byanov Kolyo
- Cabrera Walter
- Calabrò Paolo
- Cantu Elias G
- Cantú Arnulfo G
- Carda Jiri
- Cardona Jose
- Carell Edgar
- Carnero Gabriela
- Carrasco Jose P
- Carrillo Luis V
- Cartwright Simon
- Castillo Armando G
- Cauthen Brett
- Cayla Guillaume
- Cercato Cintia
- Cermak Ondrej
- Cerqueira Maria J
- Ceyhan Ceyhun
- Cha James
- Cha Kwang S
- Chacon Carolina
- Chae In-Ho
- Chae Jei-Keon
- Chag Milan
- Chai Yingru
- Chamnarnphol Noppadol
- Chan Michael
- Chan Shih-Hung
- Chang Kiyuk
- Chang Kuan-Cheng
- Chatrathi Sridhar
- Chavez Carlos
- Chehayeb Raja
- Cheirif Jorge
- Chen Jersey
- Chen Jersey
- Chen Zhih-Cherng
- Chernyavsky Alexander
- Cheung Deanna
- Cheung Stephen
- Chhabra Anil
- Chiang Chern
- Chiang Chern-En
- Choi Si-Wan
- Choi Young J
- Chompalova Boryana
- Chorin Ehud
- Chouinard Guy
- Cinteza Mircea
- Clavijo Leonardo
- Clifford Piers
- Cobos Jorge
- Coching Raul M
- Coetzee Kathleen
- Colfer Harry
- Colquhoun David
- Coman Ioan
- Conejeros Carlos
- Constance Christian
- Corbalan Ramon
- Corbalán Ramón
- Corder Clinton
- Cordova Fernando
- Cornel Jan H
- Cornel Jan H
- Cortada Jorge B
- Cottin Yves
- Coussement Patrick
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- Das Asit
- Dawood Saleem
- de Cosmo Salvatore
- de la Torre Hernández José M
- de Labriolle Axel
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- HASH(0x55aa09b7f480)
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- Viswanathan Girish
- Vizel Saul
- Viñas Jaime A
- Vlastaris Anthony
- von Engelhardt Charlotte
- von Münchhausen Candy
- Vora Kishor
- Voyce Steven
- Vrolix Mathias
- Vykoukalova Tatiana
- Wang Hao
- Wang Ji-Hung
- Wang Yi-Chih
- Weiderman Ann-Charlotte
- Weigmann Ingo
- Weirick Troy
- Weiss Melvin
- Welch Michelle
- Welter Ryan
- Werner Henri
- Westendorp Iris
- Whelan Alan
- Widimský Petr
- Wierucki Lukasz
- Wilderman Igor
- Wilke Andreas
- Willems Frank
- Willis John
- Wilson Vance
- Wilson William
- Wiseman Alan
- Witek Robert
- Wojcik Ronald
- Wojnowski Lukasz
- Wolzt Michael
- Wong Brian
- Wong Michelle
- Wongvipaporn Chaiyasith
- Woolf Kevin
- Worthley Matthew
- Wozakowska-Kaplon Beata
- Wu Chih-Cheng
- Wu Yen-Wen
- Wujkowski Marek
- Yagensky Andriy
- Yakushin Sergey
- Yalcin Ahmet
- Yamamoto Fumi
- Yaneva Zdravka
- Yeh Hung-I
- Ying Man
- Yokoya Koichi
- Yoon Junghan
- Young Douglas
- Younis Liwa
- Yuan Zuyi
- Zadra Remo
- Zakharov Konstantin
- Zakhary Bosh
- Zaman Azfar
- Zamorano Gómez José L
- Zangroniz Pedro
- Zaniewski Michelle
- Zanini Alejandra
- Zarich Stuart
- Zateyschikova Anna
- Zateyshchikov Dmitry A
- Zebrack James
- Zelazowska Katarzyna
- Zhang Aidong
- Zhang Jian
- Zhang Ningru
- Zhang Wenwu
- Zhao Qiang
- Zhao Qiang
- Zhao Xue-Qiao
- Zharinova Viktoria
- Zidkova Eva
- Zilahi Zsolt
- Zinka Elzbieta
- Zonova Elena
- Zubeeva Galina
- Zucconi-Mazzini Roberto
- Zurakowski Aleksander
- Zólyomi Szilárd
- Édes István
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Background:
Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor.
Methods:
The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population).
Findings:
Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI.
Interpretation:
In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk