Potensi In-Vivo Selulosa Bakterial Sebagai Nano-Filler Karet Elastomer Thermoplastics

In-Vivo Potency of Bacterial Cellulose As Nano-Filler Elastomer Thermoplastics Rubber (ETPS)Microbial cellulose is one of the biopolymer in the form of nano-sized ribbons with a length of less than 100 nm and a width of 2-4 nm. Some bacteria are known to produce cellulose namely Acetobacter, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Sarcina. Synthesis of bacterial cellulose forming microfibril bundle highly crystalline with elasticity modulus of 78 GPa as of 70 GPa fiber glass. Microbial cellulose has water storage capacity, degree of polymerization, and the network structure is better than cellulose from plants. Nanofibril cellulose production of bacterial cellulose does not require the removal of hemicellulose 104 Volume 14 Nomor 2, Des 2015 : 103 - 112 and lignin as of plants so that the nano bacterial cellulose is a potential raw materials of nano composites in developing natural rubber (NR). Nano bacterial cellulose is potentially a strong raw material for nano composites, stronger than nano cellulose from plants. Development of natural rubber or natural rubber (NR) led to the development of rubber for specific purposes, one of which is elastomeric thermoplastics (ETPs), a group combining the characteristics of rubber material with thermoplastic material that is easily processed. Strengthening The concept to improve the strength of polymer materials, such as NA, with nano-filler bonding cellulose through the mechanism of rubber-filler-rubber is due to an increased interaction of nano-sized filler that has a large surface area. Bacterial cellulose such as Acetobacter xylinum grown in natural rubber latex medium, may result in 5 nm latex particle trapped in the cellulose matrix or vice versa, bacterial cellulose particles trapped in the matrix of natural rubber. Benefits of the bonding mechanism of in vivo bacterial cellulose and natural rubber matrix is develop rubber industry synthesizing nano-composite alloy rubber with bacterial cellulose for natural rubber diversification. The products resulted in the form of thermoplastic elastomer (natural rubber thermoplastic) is potentially to be used in automotive components and other specialty products

PENGARUH LATIHAN HAND SPLINT FINGERBOARD TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK TANGAN ANAK CEREBRAL PALSY

ABSTRAK PENGARUH LATIHAN HAND SPLINT FINGERBOARD TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK TANGAN ANAK CEREBRAL PALSY (Ayu Kurniasari Isroi, 1608090) SKRIPSI, Departemen Pendidikan Khusus (PKh), Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan (FIP), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh latihan hand splint fingerboard terhadap peningkatan kemampuan motorik tangan anak cerebral palsy. Latihan hand splint fingerboard dilakukan untuk mengurangi hambatan pada tangan anak cerebral palsy yang mengepal agar mampu melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari secara mandiri. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian eksperimen untuk menguji bagaimana pengaruh latihan hand splint fingerboard terhadap peningkatan kemampuan motorik tangan pada aspek menggerakan jari-jari tangan dan menggunakan tangan anak CP tipe spatik athetoid yang berinisial FMM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah single subject reseacrh (SSR) dengan desain penelitian A-B-A. Hasil penelitian dari pengaruh latihan handsplint fingerboard tidak dapat diyakini terhadap kemampuan motorik tangan kanan subjek karena hasil persentase overlap yang melebihi 90% sedangkan pada kemampuan motorik tangan kiri subjek latihan handsplilnt fingerboard ini memiliki pengaruh karena ditandai dengan hasil persentase overlap yang tidak melebihi 90%. Namun, jika dilihat dari peningkatan mean level pada setiap masing-masing kondisi menunjukan adanya peningkatan atau pengaruh atas intervensi atau latihan yang diberikan baik itu pada kemampuan motorik tangan kanan dan kemampuan motorik tangan kiri subjek pada aspek menggerakan jari-jari tangan dan kemampuan menggerakan tangan. Dari hasil penelitian terebut dapat direkomendasikan penggunaan hand splint fingerboard yang terus menerus dan dengan waktu yang lama akan menghasilkan pengaruh yang lebih signifikan. Peneliti selanjutnya dapat melanjutkan penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode yang berbeda ataupun dengan metode yang sama dengan tujuan yang berbeda. Peneliti selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan program intervensi yang diberikan pada penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Cerebral Palsy, Latihan Hand Splint Fingerboard, Kemampuan Motorik Tangan.  ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF HAND SPLINT FINGERBOARD EXERCISE ON ENHANCEMENT OF MOTOR CEREBRAL PALSY HAND MOTOR SKILLS (Ayu Kurniasari Isroi, 1608090) THESIS, Ministry of Special Education (PKh), Faculty of Education (FIP), Indonesian Education University (UPI). This study aims to determine how much influence the hand splint fingerboard exercises have on improving the motor abilities of the hands of cerebral palsy children. Hand splint fingerboard exercises are performed to reduce the obstacles in the hands of a clenched cerebral palsy child to be able to perform daily activities independently. This research is an experimental research to examine how the effect of hand splint fingerboard exercises on increasing the motor ability of the hands on the aspect of moving the fingers and using the hands of an athlete's spathic type CP with the initials FMM. The research method used is a single subject research (SSR) with A-B-A research design. The results of the study of the influence of the handsplint fingerboard exercises can not be trusted on the motor abilities of the right hand of the subject because the results of the overlap percentage exceeds 90%, while on the left hand motor skills of the subjects the handsplilnt fingerboard exercises have an influence because it is marked by the results of the overlap percentage which does not exceed 90%. However, when viewed from an increase in the mean level in each of the conditions shows an increase or influence on the intervention or training given both to the right hand motor skills and motor skills of the subject's left hand on the aspects of moving the fingers and the ability to move the hand. From the results of this study, it can be recommended that the use of a hand splint fingerboard continuously and with a long time will produce a more significant effect. Further researchers can continue this research using different methods or the same method with different goals. The next researcher can develop the intervention program given in this study. Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Hand Splint Fingerboard Exercise, Hand Motoric Ability

PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM USAHA KESEHATAN SEKOLAH TINGKAT SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI/MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH SEKECAMATAN PADURESO KABUPATEN KEBUMEN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pelaksanaan program UKS di Sekolah Dasar Negeri/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Se-Kecamatan Padureso, Kabupaten Kebumen. Populasi yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Sekolah Dasar Negeri dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah di Kecamatan Padureso sejumlah 13 Sekolah. Sempel yang digunakan adalah seluruh Pembina UKS di SD Negeri se- Kecamatan Padureso dan diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah Pelaksanaan Program Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar Negeri se-Kecamatan Padureso yang meliputi 1) pengelolaan UKS, 2) pendidikan kesehatan, 3) pelayanan kesehatan, 4) lingkungan sekolah sehat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif presentase dari hasil lembar observasi yang diisi. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat pelaksanaan program usaha kesehatan sekolah di Kecamatan Padureso dalam kategori sedang. Hal tersebut dinilai berdasarkan jawaban responden kategori rendah 0%, kategori sedang 7 sekolah (53,8%) dan kategori tinggi 6 sekolah (46,2%). Kata Kunci : Pelaksanaan, Program, Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah

Pretreatment dengan Phanerochaete chrysosporium dalam Hidrolisis Asam Encer Sludge Kertas

Pretreatment with Phanerochaete chrysosporium in Paper Sludge  Dilute Acid HidrolisisFungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium is one of Basidiomycetes, which is able to degrade lignocelluloses materials, such as paper sludge. The cellulose from paper sludge could been as bioethanol raw materials, so there is need a delignification process in order to remove lignin. The delignification process could be performed by utilizing fungi P. chrysosporium as lignin degrading agent. In this work, duration of incubation (6 days, 12 days and control) and acid concentration (2.5 %, 5 % and control) factors were used to determine the reducing sugar content of paper sludge. The contents of cellulose and hemicelluloses exhibited increase as compared with those of control namely between 3.5-4.5% and 0.4-1.7% respectively, whereas kappa number exhibited decrease as compared to control namely between 10.2-15%. The enzyme activities of LiP, MnP and cellulase of 6 days incubation as much as 0.789 and 0.062, and 0 U/ml, whereas those of 12 days incubation as much as 0, 0.069 and 0.165 U/ml. The reducing sugar produced was still relatively low, namely between 0.3x10-2-2.6 g/l.  Factor of acid concentration gave significant effect on reducing sugar produced, and on the basis of Duncan advanced test, each level of the acid concentration differed significantly from each other

Pengaruh Penambahan Berbagai Jenis Starter Pada Proses Pengomposan Eceng Gondok

Research about ???The Effect of Addition of Various Types of Starter Against The Water Hyacinth Plant Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.??? This study aims to determine the effect of types starter in the composting process water hyacinth plants and to assess changes in pH, temperature, volume shrinkage, rate of decomposition, the color of compost and C:N ratio during the composting process water hyacinth plant. The first treatment that is P0 (water hyacinth plant a total of (3 kg) without the addition of starter) treatment both ie P1 (water hyacinth plant (3 kg) + 10% vermicompost) treatment third is P2 (water hyacinth plant (3 kg) + 10% cow manure) and the treatment of the four P3 (water hyacinth plant (3kg) + 5% vermicompost + 5% cow manure). Those parameters observed were pH, temperature, volume shrinkage, rate of decomposition, the color of compost and C/N ratio. The results showed starter administration significantly affected the rate of decomposition in treatment P1 (0,08 kg/10 days ), P2 (0.04 kg /10 days) and P3 (0.1 kg/10 days). The color change occurs in all treatments where early brownish color changed to brown -black at the end of the composting process. Treatment of P1 provides the most excellent effect for the parameters pH (6.73), temperature (33,3oC), volume shrinkage (7,3cm3), weight (0,5kg), and parameter C / N ratio (23%).\ud \ud Key words : Bio-activator, Vermicompost, Decomposition, Hyacint

Improving ruminal digestibility of various wheat straw types by white-rot fungi

Background: This study investigated the ruminal degradability of various wheat straw types by the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (CS) and Lentinula edodes (LE). Different cultivars (CV) of wheat straw at different maturity stages (MS) were treated with the fungi for 7weeks and assessed for chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP). Results: Both fungi showed a more pronounced degradation of lignin on a more mature straw (MS3; 89.0%) in comparison with the straw harvested at an earlier stage (MS1; 70.7%). Quantitative pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, using 13C lignin as an internal standard 13C-IS Py-GC/MS revealed that lignin inmoremature straw was degraded and modified to a greater extent. In contrast, cellulose was less degraded in MS3, as compared to MS1 (8.3% versus 14.6%). There was no effect of different MS on the IVGP of the fungus-treated straws. Among the different straw cultivars, the extent of lignin degradation varied greatly (47% to 93.5%). This may explain the significant (P < 0.001) effect of cultivar on the IVGP of the fungal-treated straws. Regardless of the factors tested, both fungi were very capable of improving the IVGP of all straw types by 15.3% to 47.6%, (as compared to untreated straw), with CS performing better than LE – on different MS (33.6% versus 20.4%) and CVs (43.2% versus 29.1%). Conclusion: The extent of lignin degradation caused by fungal treatment was more pronounced on the more mature and lignified straw, while variable results were obtained with different cultivars. Both fungi were capable of improving the IVGP of various straw types

Harnessing the potential of ligninolytic enzymes for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment

Abundant lignocellulosic biomass from various industries provides a great potential feedstock for the production of value-added products such as biofuel, animal feed, and paper pulping. However, low yield of sugar obtained from lignocellulosic hydrolysate is usually due to the presence of lignin that acts as a protective barrier for cellulose and thus restricts the accessibility of the enzyme to work on the cellulosic component. This review focuses on the significance of biological pretreatment specifically using ligninolytic enzymes as an alternative method apart from the conventional physical and chemical pretreatment. Different modes of biological pretreatment are discussed in this paper which is based on (i) fungal pretreatment where fungi mycelia colonise and directly attack the substrate by releasing ligninolytic enzymes and (ii) enzymatic pretreatment using ligninolytic enzymes to counter the drawbacks of fungal pretreatment. This review also discusses the important factors of biological pretreatment using ligninolytic enzymes such as nature of the lignocellulosic biomass, pH, temperature, presence of mediator, oxygen, and surfactant during the biodelignification process