Compositional data for global monitoring: the case of drinking water and sanitation

Introduction At a global level, access to safe drinking water and sanitation has been monitored by the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) of WHO and UNICEF. The methods employed are based on analysis of data from household surveys and linear regression modelling of these results over time. However, there is evidence of non-linearity in the JMP data. In addition, the compositional nature of these data is not taken into consideration. This article seeks to address these two previous shortcomings in order to produce more accurate estimates. Methods We employed an isometric log-ratio transformation designed for compositional data. We applied linear and non-linear time regressions to both the original and the transformed data. Specifically, different modelling alternatives for non-linear trajectories were analysed, all of which are based on a generalized additive model (GAM). Results and discussion Non-linear methods, such as GAM, may be used for modelling non-linear trajectories in the JMP data. This projection method is particularly suited for data-rich countries. Moreover, the ilr transformation of compositional data is conceptually sound and fairly simple to implement. It helps improve the performance of both linear and non-linear regression models, specifically in the occurrence of extreme data points, i.e. when coverage rates are near either 0% or 100%.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Evaluation of alternative IAA biosynthetic pathways in the bacteria from the pseudomonas syringae complex

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a phytohormone belonging to the auxin group which production is widely distributed among plant-associated bacteria. In phytopathogenic bacteria, several IAA biosynthetic pathways have been described. The best characterized is the indole-3-acetamide (IAM) pathway, where tryptophan is initially converted into IAM by a monooxygenase (iaaM gene), and later transformed to IAA in a reaction catalysed by a hydrolase (iaaH gene). Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335 (Psv), which synthesizes IAA through IAM, encodes two paralogs of these two genes organized in two operons (iaaMH-1 and iaaMH-2). Previously, we have demonstrated that a Psv mutant in the iaaMH-1 operon produces an amount of IAA significantly lower than that synthesized by the wild type strain. This strain, shows a reduced virulence in olive plants. In contrast, a mutant in the iaaMH-2 operon (which encodes a iaaM-2 pseudogene), produces IAA levels similar to those of the wild type strain and is not affected in virulence. Unexpectedly, the iaaMH-1 mutant and the double mutant iaaMH- 1/iaaMH-2 synthesize a residual amount of IAA, suggesting the existence of an alternative route for the production of this compound in Psv.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Impact of Parenting Styles on Adolescents’ Self-Esteem and Internalization of Values in Spain

The relationship of parenting styles with adolescents’ outcomes was analyzed within a sample of Spanish adolescents. A sample of 1456 teenagers from 13 to 16 years of age, of whom 54.3% were females, reported on their parents’ child-rearing practices. The teenagers’ parents were classified into one of four groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful). The adolescents were then contrasted on two different outcomes: (1) priority given to Schwartz’s selftranscendence (universalism and benevolence) and conservation (security, conformity, and tradition) values and (2) level of self-esteem (appraised in five domains: academic, social, emotional, family and physical). The results show that Spanish adolescents from indulgent households have the same or better outcomes than adolescents from authoritative homes. Parenting is related with two self-esteem dimensions—academic and family—and with all the self-transcendence and conservation values. Adolescents of indulgent parents show highest scores in self-esteem whereas adolescents from authoritarian parents obtain the worst results. In contrast, there were no differences between the priority given by adolescents of authoritative and indulgent parents to any of the selftranscendence and conservation values, whereas adolescents of authoritarian and neglectful parents, in general, assign the lowest priority to all of these [email protected]

Evaluación de rutas alternativas de síntesis de IAA en el complejo Pseudomonas syringae.

El ácido indol-3-acético (IAA) es una fitohormona perteneciente al grupo de las auxinas cuya producción está ampliamente distribuida entre bacterias asociadas a plantas. El IAA está implicado, entre otros procesos, en proliferación celular y maduración de las plantas. Además, se ha descrito el papel de esta hormona en la regulación de la expresión génica en bacterias. En bacterias fitopatógenas, se han descrito varias rutas de síntesis de IAA, siendo la mejor caracterizada la ruta de la indol-3-acetamida (IAM), proveniente del triptófano por la acción de una monooxigenasa (gen iaaM), y transformándose en IAA mediante la acción de una hidrolasa (gen iaaH). Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335 (Psv) utiliza esta ruta para la síntesis de IAA, codificando dos parálogos de los genes iaaM e iaaH (operones iaaMH-1 e iaaMH-2). Anteriormente, demostramos que un mutante de Psv en el operón iaaMH-1 produce una cantidad de IAA significativamente inferior que la sintetizada por la cepa silvestre, así como induce una sintomatología reducida en olivo. Por el contrario, un mutante en el operón iaaMH-2 (que codifica un pseudogen iaaM-2), produce una cantidad de IAA similar a la cepa silvestre y no induce una virulencia atenuada. Sin embargo, e inesperadamente, tanto el mutante iaaMH-1 como en el doble mutante iaaMH- 1/iaaMH-2 sintetizan una cantidad residual de IAA, lo que sugiere la existencia de una ruta alternativa para la producción de este compuesto en Psv. Recientemente, hemos identificado otras cepas del complejo Pseudomonas syringae capaces de producir IAA que no codifican genes homólogos a los implicados en las rutas conocidas hasta la fecha. Tras la obtención de los borradores de los genomas de varios aislados pertenecientes a los diferentes patovares de P. savastanoi, y utilizando también otros genomas de cepas modelo incluidas en el complejo P. syringae, hemos llevado a cabo un análisis bioinformático de genes potencialmente implicados en la biosíntesis de IAA. Actualmente, estamos llevando a cabo la construcción de mutantes en algunos de estos genes, para posteriormente determinar su implicación en la biosíntesis de esta fitohormona.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Hacia una nueva percepción social de las personas con discapacidades : legislación, medicina y los inválidos del trabajo en España (1900-1936)

Este trabajo pretende analizar el papel que tuvo la medicina, dentro del clima de reforma social de la España del primer tercio del siglo XX, como factor que contribuyó a dar forma a las discapacidades. Situándonos en la perspectiva desarrollada en el marco de los nuevos estudios sociales sobre la discapacidad, y utilizando como fuentes fundamentales las revistas científico-profesionales y la documentación de las Cámaras legislativas, examinamos la legislación destinada a regular la protección frente a los accidentes del trabajo y las instituciones creadas para atender a las personas con deficiencias físicas y/o funcionales derivadas de ellos. Buscamos así examinar la influencia de esas contribuciones sobre la transformación de la percepción social acerca de las personas con discapacidades

Over the air computing for satellite networks in 6G

6G and beyond networks will merge communication and computation capabilities in order to adapt to changes. As they will consist of many sensors gathering information from its environment, new schemes for managing these large amounts of data are needed. For this purpose, we review Over the Air (OTA) computing in the context of estimation and detection. For distributed scenarios, such as a Wireless Sensor Network, it has been proven that a separation theorem does not necessarily hold, whereas analog schemes may outperform digital designs. We outline existing gaps in the literature, evincing that current state of the art requires a theoretical framework based on analog and hybrid digital-analog schemes that will boost the evolution of OTA computing. Furthermore, we motivate the development of 3D networks based on OTA schemes, where satellites function as sensors. We discuss its integration within the satellite segment, delineate current challenges and present a variety of use cases that benefit from OTA computing in 3D networks.This work has received funding by the Spanish ministry of science and innovation under project IRENE (PID2020-115323RB-C31) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Fear of death and its relationship to resilience in nursing students: A longitudinal study

.Aim Taking a corpus of nursing students enrolled in the 2017−2021 nursing degree, we aim to analyse how students' levels of resilience and fear of death evolve in the first three years of the degree and whether there are differences between students based on age and gender. In addition, we aim to describe the relationship between resilience and fear of deathS

Ecosistemas de alta montaña, las atalayas de la troposfera

La troposfera es el fluido en el que vivimos los organismos terrestres. La dinámica de este fluido hace posible el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos continentales tal como los conocemos. Factores locales como las precipitaciones atmosféricas (secas y húmedas) o la calidad de la radiación solar que llega al suelo, muy afectada por el contenido de aerosoles en la troposfera, dependen de fenómenos que pueden ocurrir a miles de kilómetros. Los ecosistemas de alta montaña, como la Sierra Nevada del sur ibérico, son los sensores más finos que poseemos para el estudio de los efectos de esos factores y para detectar pronto sus tendencias y cambios