A DIDATIC PROPOSAL TO INICIATE THE TEACHING OF HISTOLOGY IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

This present report describes a low cost and simple educational proposal to inspire professors from Elementary school for teaching on Histology, with emphasis on concepts of tissue and extracellular matrix. Twenty students from a public elementary school in Manaus city were invited to participate in a social tutoring program from the Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. After observing a lack of information about basic concepts of histology, it was introduced a practice activity using simple material, aiming to create a tridimensional model of a tissue and its basics components. During the activity, students showed excitement and interest in the presented knowledge, especially because they were able to create their own model of a tissue using the provided material. The experience was an exchange of questions and teaching between students and volunteers. Therefore, this present proposal is helpful for professors to develop a simple practice activity in classroom that may clarify the comprehension of student for difficult and abstract histological concepts

Uma proposta didática para iniciar o ensino de histologia na educação básica

This present report describes a low cost and simple educational proposal to inspire professors from Elementary school for teaching on Histology, with emphasis on concepts of tissue and extracellular matrix. Twenty students from a public elementary school in Manaus city were invited to participate in a social tutoring program from the Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. After observing a lack of information about basic concepts of histology, it was introduced a practice activity using simple material, aiming to create a tridimensional model of a tissue and its basics components. During the activity, students showed excitement and interest in the presented knowledge, especially because they were able to create their own model of a tissue using the provided material. The experience was an exchange of questions and teaching between students and volunteers. Therefore, this present proposal is helpful for professors to develop a simple practice activity in classroom that may clarify the comprehension of student for difficult and abstract histological concepts.En este artículo se describe una propuesta didáctica simple y de bajo costo que puede ayudar a los profesores de Educación Básica con la enseñanza de la Histología, haciendo hincapié en el concepto de tejido y la importancia de la matriz extracelular. Se invitó a veinte estudiantes de una escuela pública en la ciudad de Manaus para participar en un proyecto de extensión de la Universidad Federal de Amazonas. Después de las brechas de observación sobre el conocimiento previo de los estudiantes sobre el tema tratado, una actividad de demostración se llevó a cabo utilizando materiales comunes de la construcción del día a día de un modelo tridimensional para representar los componentes básicos de un tejido animal. Durante el desarrollo de la propuesta, los estudiantes mostraron gran interés en la actividad, sobre todo cuando participó activamente en la construcción de sus propios modelos, cuando se podría hablar con la extensión, hacer preguntas y fijar los conceptos aprendidos. Se concluyó que la propuesta que presentamos permite al profesor para reproducir una práctica de la enseñanza simple pero eficaz que se desarrollará en el aula y que se puede cambiar la preconcepción del estudiante de conceptos histológicos considerados abstracto o difícil de entender.O presente artigo descreve uma proposta didática simples e de baixo custo que pode auxiliar professores da educação básica com os ensinamentos de Histologia, enfatizando o conceito de tecido e a importância da matriz extracelular. Vinte estudantes de uma escola pública na cidade de Manaus foram convidados a participar de um projeto de extensão na Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Após a observação de lacunas no conhecimento prévio dos estudantes sobre conceitos básicos de Histologia, foi conduzida uma atividade de demonstração com materiais comuns para a construção de um modelo tridimensional de representação dos constituintes básicos de um tecido animal. Durante o desenvolvimento da proposta, os estudantes demonstraram bastante interesse pela atividade, especialmente quando participaram ativamente da construção de seus próprios modelos. A atividade foi desenvolvida durante uma conversa entre estudantes e os extensionistas para clarificar dúvidas e fixar os conceitos ensinados. Concluiu-se que a proposta que apresentamos possibilita ao professor reproduzir uma prática de ensino simples, porém eficaz, para ser desenvolvida na sala de aula com a finalidade de mudar a concepção do aluno sobre conceitos histológicos considerados abstratos ou de difícil compreensão

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt