Las visitas a los juzgados como actividad práctica para la docencia del Derecho Procesal

This paper is focussed on how visits to the Courts of Justice may be regarded as a practical activity for teaching Procedural Law. After performing this activity for several years, accompanying our students to court hearings, trials and other sorts of judicial proceedings, we carried out a survey about this kind of visits, their usefulness, their frequency and the work that must be done in class before and after them. In this study, the results of over three hundred surveys are presented, analyzed and evaluated, as well as measures to improve this activity are proposed and explained.Nuestro trabajo se centra en el estudio de la actividad consistente en asistir y presenciar actuaciones judiciales reales, como práctica para la enseñanza del Derecho Procesal. Tras la experiencia de acudir varios años con alumnos a los juzgados, hemos elaborado un cuestionario en el que se les interroga acerca de la utilidad y el interés formativo de estas visitas, la frecuencia y el momento que estiman más adecuados, y sobre el trabajo previo y posterior con que se han de acompañar. Los resultados obtenidos en algo más de trescientas encuestas se exponen, analizan y valoran, ofreciendo finalmente una serie de conclusiones que permitirán mejorar y enriquecer esta actividad, al recoger la opinión de los alumnos

LIDeB Tools: A Latin American resource of freely available, open-source cheminformatics apps

Cheminformatics is the chemical field that deals with the storage, retrieval, analysis and manipulation of an increasing volume of available chemical data, and it plays a fundamental role in the fields of drug discovery, biology, chemistry, and biochemistry. Open source and freely available cheminformatics tools not only contribute to the generation of public knowledge, but also to reduce the technological gap between high- and low- to middle-income countries. Here, we describe a series of in-house cheminformatics applications developed by our academic drug discovery team, which are freely available on our website (https://lideb.biol.unlp.edu.ar/) as Web Apps and stand-alone versions. These apps include tools for clustering small molecules, decoy generation, druggability assessment, classificatory model evaluation, and data standardization and visualization.Fil: Prada Gori, Denis Nihuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencas Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos; ArgentinaFil: Alberca, Lucas Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencas Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencas Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos; ArgentinaFil: Alice, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencas Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos; ArgentinaFil: Llanos, Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencas Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos; ArgentinaFil: Bellera, Carolina Leticia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencas Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos; ArgentinaFil: Talevi, Alan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencas Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos; Argentin

A targeted likelihood estimation comparing cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

Cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam are antimicrobials recommended by IDSA/ATS guidelines for the empirical management of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Concerns have been raised about which should be used in clinical practice. This study aims to compare the effect of cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill CAP patients through a targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). A total of 2026 ICU-admitted patients with CAP were included. Among them, (47%) presented respiratory failure, and (27%) developed septic shock. A total of (68%) received cefepime and (32%) piperacillin/tazobactam-based treatment. After running the TMLE, we found that cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam-based treatments have comparable 28-day, hospital, and ICU mortality. Additionally, age, PTT, serum potassium and temperature were associated with preferring cefepime over piperacillin/tazobactam (OR 1.14 95% CI [1.01–1.27], p = 0.03), (OR 1.14 95% CI [1.03–1.26], p = 0.009), (OR 1.1 95% CI [1.01–1.22], p = 0.039) and (OR 1.13 95% CI [1.03–1.24], p = 0.014)]. Our study found a similar mortality rate among ICU-admitted CAP patients treated with cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam. Clinicians may consider factors such as availability and safety profiles when making treatment decisions

LIDeB Tools: A Latin American resource of freely available, open-source cheminformatics apps

Cheminformatics is the chemical field that deals with the storage, retrieval, analysis and manipulation of an increasing volume of available chemical data, and it plays a fundamental role in the fields of drug discovery, biology, chemistry, and biochemistry. Open source and freely available cheminformatics tools not only contribute to the generation of public knowledge, but also to reduce the technological gap between high- and low- to middle-income countries. Here, we describe a series of in-house cheminformatics applications developed by our academic drug discovery team, which are freely available on our website (https://lideb.biol.unlp.edu.ar/) as Web Apps and stand-alone versions. These apps include tools for clustering small molecules, decoy generation, druggability assessment, classificatory model evaluation, and data standardization and visualization.Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivo

Anti-IL-6 Receptor Tocilizumab in Refractory Graves? Orbitopathy: National Multicenter Observational Study of 48 Patients

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Our aim was to assess the e cacy and safety of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in GO refractory to conventional therapy. This was an open-label multicenter study of glucocorticoid-resistant GO treated with TCZ. The main outcomes were the best-corrected visual acuity (BVCA), Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and intraocular pressure (IOP). These outcome variables were assessed at baseline, 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month after TCZ therapy onset. The severity of GO was assessed according to the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO). We studied 48 (38 women and 10 men) patients (95 eyes); mean age standard deviation 51 11.8 years. Before TCZ and besides oral glucocorticoids, they had received IV methylprednisolone (n = 43), or selenium (n = 11). GO disease was moderate (n =29) or severe (n = 19) and dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) (n = 7). TCZ was used in monotherapy (n = 45) or combined (n = 3) at a dose of 8 mg/kg IV every four weeks (n = 43) or 162 mg/s.c. every week (n = 5). TCZ yielded a significant improvement in all of the main outcomes at the 1st month that was maintained at one year. Comparing the baseline with data at 1 year all of the variables improved; BCVA (0.78 0.25 vs. 0.9 0.16; p = 0.0001), CAS (4.64 1.5 vs. 1.05 1.27; p = 0.0001) and intraocular pressure (IOP) (19.05 4.1 vs. 16.73 3.4 mmHg; p = 0.007). After a mean follow-up of 16.1 2.1 months, low disease activity (CAS 3), was achieved in 88 eyes (92.6%) and TCZ was withdrawn in 29 cases due to low disease activity (n = 25) or ine cacy (n = 4). No serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, TCZ is a useful and safe therapeutic option in refractory GO treatment.This work was also partially supported by RETICS Programs, RD08/0075 (RIER) and RD12/0009/0013 from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) (Spain)

Conviviendo en Positivo: Educación en salud, Atención Consciente, Compasión activa y Resiliencia

Proyecto de innovación docente enfocado en valores nucleares y convivencia en una sociedad serodiscordante, es continuidad del P89/2018, titulado “competencias intra e interpersonales, sexo consciente, fármacos y mindfulness”. Durante el primer semestre, desde el paradigma de aprendizaje cooperativo, basado en resolución de proyectos, se desarrolló la investigación documental, reflexión y debate sobre estos centros de interés: valores nucleares & VIH: abordaje de la seropositividad; adherencia terapéutica; estudio PARTNER indetectable es igual a intransmisible; profilaxis pre-exposición (PrEP); convivir en serodiscordancia; encuestas sobre estigmatización y discriminación social y sanitaria; riesgos globales de la discriminación terapéutica; relaciones interpersonales y emociones aflictivas; mindfulness y compasión basado en la evidencia; psicología positiva y resiliencia. En el segundo semestre, durante la fase cero del estado de alerta sanitaria, se desarrolló una intervención psicoeducativa, dirigida a facilitar estrategias que ayudasen a gestionar mejor el impacto emocional generado por la incertidumbre, la restricción de movilidad territorial, el confinamiento, y el miedo al contagio de la COVID-19. Perpetuar el estigma ante VIH, es una violación de los derechos humanos. Como antídoto a la indiferencia, se integró en nuestra intervención el fomento de la compasión activa, entendida como un sentido básico de cuidado, sensibilidad y apertura hacia el sufrimiento propio y de los demás, y la intención genuina de intentar aliviarlo y prevenirlo. La pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV-2 es una oportunidad para entender que ante este virus, aquí y ahora, la única opción es prevenirlo, detectarlo mediante pruebas y confinarlo, es decir no transmitirlo y no reinfectarse. Si de forma transversal somos capaces de interiorizarlo y normalizar la convivencia en serodiscordancia, si normalizamos las pruebas diagnósticas rutinarias, podremos entre todas y todos reducir hasta un 90% la transmisión activa otra pandemia de la que hoy no se habla, del VIH, de este modo conseguiríamos minimizar la aparición de nuevos casos, frenar su avance y vencer definitivamente al SIDA

Treatment variability and its relationships to outcomes among patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy: A multicenter retrospective study

Background: Despite guidelines and recommendations, Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) treatment lacks evidence, leading to clinical practice variability.Aims: Given the overall lack of information on thiamine use for WE treatment, we analyzed data from a large, well-characterized multicenter sample of patients with WE, examining thiamine dosages; factors associated with the use of different doses, frequencies, and routes; and the influence of differences in thiamine treatment on the outcome.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with data from 443 patients from 21 centers obtained from a nationwide registry of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (from 2000 to 2012). Discharge codes and Caine criteria were applied for WE diagnosis, and treatment-related (thiamine dosage, frequency, and route of administration) demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were analyzed.Results: We found marked variability in WE treatment and a low rate of high-dose intravenous thiamine administration. Seventy-eight patients out of 373 (20.9%) received > 300 mg/day of thiamine as initial dose. Patients fulfilling the Caine criteria or presenting with the classic WE triad more frequently received parenteral treatment. Delayed diagnosis (after 24 h hospitalization), the fulfillment of more than two Caine criteria at diagnosis, mental status alterations, and folic acid deficiency were associated significantly with the lack of complete recovery. Malnutrition, reduced consciousness, folic acid deficiency, and the lack of timely thiamine treatment were risk factors for mortality.Conclusions: Our results clearly show extreme variability in thiamine dosages and routes used in the management of WE. Measures should be implemented to ensure adherence to current guidelines and to correct potential nutritional deficits in patients with alcohol use disorders or other risk factors for WE

IL-6 serum levels predict severity and response to tocilizumab in COVID-19: An observational study

Background: Patients with coronavirus disaese 2019 (COVID-19) can develop a cytokine release syndrome that eventually leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Because IL-6 is a relevant cytokine in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the blockade of its receptor with tocilizumab (TCZ) could reduce mortality and/or morbidity in severe COVID-19. Objective: We sought to determine whether baseline IL-6 serum levels can predict the need for IMV and the response to TCZ. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical information and laboratory findings, including IL-6 levels, were collected approximately 3 and 9 days after admission to be matched with preadministration and postadministration of TCZ. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions and survival analysis were performed depending on outcomes: need for IMV, evolution of arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, or mortality. Results: One hundred forty-six patients were studied, predominantly males (66%); median age was 63 years. Forty-four patients (30%) required IMV, and 58 patients (40%) received treatment with TCZ. IL-6 levels greater than 30 pg/mL was the best predictor for IMV (odds ratio, 7.1; P < .001). Early administration of TCZ was associated with improvement in oxygenation (arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio) in patients with high IL-6 (P = .048). Patients with high IL-6 not treated with TCZ showed high mortality (hazard ratio, 4.6; P = .003), as well as those with low IL-6 treated with TCZ (hazard ratio, 3.6; P = .016). No relevant serious adverse events were observed in TCZ-treated patients. Conclusions: Baseline IL-6 greater than 30 pg/mL predicts IMV requirement in patients with COVID-19 and contributes to establish an adequate indication for TCZ administrationThis study was funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant nos. RD16/0011/0012 and PI18/ 0371 to I.G.A., grant no. PI19/00549 to A.A., and grant no. SAF2017-82886-R to F.S.-M.) and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. The study was also funded by ‘‘La Caixa Banking Foundation’’ (grant no. HR17-00016 to F.S.-M.) and ‘‘Fondos Supera COVID19’’ by Banco de Santander and CRUE. None of these sponsors have had any role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publicatio

Plan de Acción Tutorial para nuevos estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa

Memoria ID-010. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2021-2022