¿Baloncesto sin fronteras? Similitudes y diferencias entre los Campeonatos Continentales de baloncesto

El estudio de los indicadores de rendimiento técnico-tácticos son una gran herramienta para los entrenadores, pues proporciona información objetiva sobre las acciones del deportista y del equipo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar los indicadores de rendimiento en los últimos Campeonatos Continentales de Baloncesto. Se analizaron los 5 campeonatos continentales del año 2015, un total de 231 partidos. Las variables analizadas fueron: posesiones de balón, diferencia de puntos, puntos anotados, lanzamientos de uno, dos y tres puntos anotados y lanzados, rebotes totales, defensivos y ofensivos, asistencias, robos, pérdidas, tapones a favor y en contra, faltas cometidas y recibidas, y valoración. Se llevaron a cabo un análisis descriptivo y de perfiles de rendimiento para caracterizar la muestra. La ANOVA de un factor con la corrección de Bonferroni se utilizó para identificar las diferencias entre campeonatos. El análisis discriminante permitió identificar los indicadores de rendimiento que mejor caracterizan a cada uno de los campeonatos continentales. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que existen diferencias entre todos los campeonatos en todos los indicadores de rendimiento, salvo en los tiros de 3 puntos anotados y en los tapones. Se identifica un perfil de juego específico para cada campeonato. Las mayores diferencias en los perfiles de rendimiento se encuentran entre el Eurobasket y Africabasket, mientras que los campeonatos con un perfil más parecido en los indicadores de rendimiento son el FIBA América y Asiabasket. Estos hallazgos son de utilidad para los entrenadores a la hora de preparar los diferentes escenarios posibles en función del campeonato y rival al que se enfrenten.The analysis of technical-tactical performance indicators is an excellent tool for coaches, because it provides objective information on the actions of players and teams. The aim of this investigation was to study the performance indicators for the last continental basketball championships. Five continental championships played in 2015 were analysed for a total of 213 matches. The variables analysed were: ball possessions, point difference, points scored, one, two and three point throws attempted and scored, total and defensive and offensive rebounds, assists, steals, turnovers, blocks for and against, fouls committed and received, and evaluation. A descriptive analysis and performance profiles were carried out to characterise the sample. A one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction were used to identify the differences among championships. A discriminant analysis was performed to identify the performance indicators best characterising each analysed championship. The results show that there are differences among all the championships and all the performance indicators, except in three point throws scored and blocks. A specific play profile has been identified for each championship. The greatest performance profile differences were found between the Eurobasket and the Afrobasket championships, while the championships with the most similar performance indicator profiles were FIBA America and Asia Cup. These findings are useful for coaches when preparing the different possible scenarios depending on the championship and their respective opponent.• Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Ayuda GR15122peerReviewe

Atrial fibrosis hampers non-invasive localization of atrial ectopic foci from multi-electrode signals: A 3D simulation study

Introduction: Focal atrial tachycardia is commonly treated by radio frequency ablation with an acceptable long-term success. Although the location of ectopic foci tends to appear in specific hot-spots, they can be located virtually in any atrial region. Multi-electrode surface ECG systems allow acquiring dense body surface potential maps (BSPM) for non-invasive therapy planning of cardiac arrhythmia. However, the activation of the atria could be affected by fibrosis and therefore biomarkers based on BSPM need to take these effects into account. We aim to analyze the effect of fibrosis on a BSPM derived index, and its potential application to predict the location of ectopic foci in the atria

Relationship between the pedagogical variables of coaching a mini-basketball team

This study arises from the importance of analyzing the coaching process and knowing how to coach in the first stages of sports initiation. The purpose of this study was to analyze how a basketball coach establishes teaching the game phases in youth categories, through the relationship between the pedagogical variables that define each of the coaching tasks. A total of 452 tasks, organized in 80 training sessions that were planned by a coach of mini-basketball (10-11 yearolds) from the 2004-2005 season were analyzed. After a descriptive analysis of the game phase variable, a non-parametric inferential analysis (chi-square and contingency coefficient) was carried out to study the relationships between the variables of the study (game phase, game situation, type of content, and content). The results make clear that for the coach that was analyzed, there is a disproportionate amount of work done on phases of offense to the detriment of defensive work. The aspects of the attack that are developed most are those without opposition, 1-on-0 (RAS=9.7) and to a lesser degree 1-on-1 (RAS=-10.7), although the opposite happens in the case of defensive fundamentals, 1-on-0 (RAS=-5.4) and 1-on-1 (RAS=12.3). A higher proportion of tasks without opposition, 1- on-0, were planned to work on individual offense technique (RAS=15.7), such as shooting. The analysis of the coaching process provides much information when generating sport teaching principles. The results have an important practical application, and they facilitate the process of continuing education and reflection on coaches' actions

Análisis de los medios de entrenamiento de un equipo de Minibásket y la influencia de un programa formativo para el entrenado: un estudio de caso

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of a training program, orientated by understanding methodology, on a novice basketball coach, measured throughout the coaching tasks. To do so, we have analyzed the pedagogical variables of the coaching tasks, in particular the means of training and its relationship with the other educational variables. We analyzed all the training tasks performed by a novice basketball team during two seasons (n=846). Training sessions were categorized in the PYC-Basket program 2.0. An initial descriptive analysis of the results and an inferential analysis to know the coaching differences between the two seasons were carried out. Results show a change in the choice of coaching methods employed during the two seasons, and the increasing use of play as a main coaching method. There is a progressively increase the complexity of the proposals in order to promote learning. Evidence show an evolution towards a learning for understanding model based on a constructivist methodology for basketball teaching according to the characteristics of the players of these stages.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la influencia que un programa formativo orientado a la metodología comprensiva tiene sobre un entrenador novel de baloncesto, medido a través de las tareas de entrenamiento. Para ello se han analizado las variables pedagógicas del entrenamiento. De forma específica los medios de entrenamiento y su relación con el resto de variables pedagógicas. Se analizaron todas las tareas de entrenamiento realizadas por un equipo de iniciación al baloncesto durante dos temporadas (n=846). Las sesiones de entrenamiento fueron categorizadas en el programa PYC-Basket 2.0. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los resultados, así como un análisis inferencial para conocer las diferencias en el entrenamiento entre las dos temporadas. Los resultados muestran un cambio en la elección de los medios de entrenamiento empleados en las dos temporadas, aumentando el empleo del juego como medio de entrenamiento prioritario. Aumento progresivo de la complejidad de las propuestas con el objeto de favorecer el aprendizaje. Las evidencias manifiestan una evolución hacia un modelo comprensivo basado en una metodología constructivista para la enseñanza del baloncesto acorde a las características de los jugadores de estas etapas

Determinant Factors of Achievement Motivation in School Physical Education

Today, it is important for physical education teachers to know students’ motivation profiles for learning. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze achievement motivation according to four variables: students’ sex, the taught sport modality, students’ experience and teaching methodology. Likewise, the effects of students’ sex and experience on the methodologies applied were analyzed. A total of 108 primary education students (10.95 ± 0.48 years), 54 boys and 54 girls, from three state schools participated in the study. The students answered the Achievement Motivation in Physical Education test (Spanish version) after participating in soccer and basketball programs based on different methodologies. Each class-group received a different educational program (soccer or basketball). The differences between the categories of the variables analyzed were calculated for each dimension of the motivational test through the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. The effects of students’ sex and experience on the teaching methodologies applied were analyzed using the univariate General Linear Model test. In soccer and basketball, boys perceived being more motor competent (U = 732.00; p < 0.05; r = 0.43) than girls. In addition, experienced students in both sports perceived being more motor competent (U = 695.50; p < 0.05; r = 0.27) than inexperienced students. In turn, they indicated feeling less failure anxiety and stress (U = 780.00; p < 0.05; r = 0.22). All of the students who played soccer reported more commitment (learning dedication) (U = 1051.50; p < 0.05; r = 0.20) and perceived motor competence (U = 972.00; p < 0.05; r = 0.24) than students who played basketball. Considering the effects of students’ sex and experience on the methodologies (perceived motor competence dimension), there were significant differences (F = 7.68; p < 0.05; ηp2 = 0.07) in favor of experienced boys who played soccer and basketball using the Tactical Games Approach methodology. Soccer was practiced more in school and out of school. This made students feel greater commitment (learning dedication) and perceived motor competence towards this invasion sport in physical education. In addition, it was shown that teachers should take into account students’ sex and experience because they are two factors that influence the teaching of sports and achievement motivation.This study has been partially subsidized by the Aid for Research Groups (GR21149) from the Regional Government of Extremadura (Department of Economy, Science and Digital Agenda), with a contribution from the European Union from the European Funds for Regional Development. The author J.M.G.-C. was supported by a grant from the Universities Ministry of Spain and the European Union (NextGenerationUE) “Ayuda del Programa de Recualificación del Sistema Universitario Español, Modalidad de ayudas Margarita Salas para la formación de jóvenes doctores” (MS-01)

Stochastic Assessment of the Economic Impact of Streptococcus suis-Associated Disease in German, Dutch and Spanish Swine Farms

The economic assessment of animal diseases is essential for decision-making, including the allocation of resources for disease control. However, that assessment is usually hampered by the lack of reliable data on disease incidence, or treatment and control measures, and that is particularly true for swine production diseases, such as infections caused by Streptococcus suis. Therefore, we deployed a questionnaire survey of clinical swine veterinarians to obtain the input data needed for a stochastic model to calculate the costs caused by S. suis, which was implemented in three of the main swine producing countries in Europe: Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. S. suis-associated disease is endemic in those countries in all production phases, though nursery was the phase most severely impacted. In affected nursery units, between 3.3 and 4.0% of pigs had S. suis-associated disease and the mortalities ranged from 0.5 to 0.9%. In Germany, the average cost of S. suis per pig (summed across all production phases) was 1.30 euros (90% CI: 0.53-2.28), in the Netherlands 0.96 euros (90% CI: 0.27-1.54), and in Spain 0.60 euros (90% CI: 0.29-0.96). In Germany, that cost was essentially influenced by the expenditure in early metaphylaxis in nursery and in autogenous vaccines in sows and nursery pigs; in the Netherlands, by expenditure on autogenous vaccines in sows and nursery pigs; and in Spain, by the expenditures in early metaphylaxis and to a lesser extent by the mortality in nursery pigs. Therefore, the differences in costs between countries can be explained to a great extent by the measures to control S. suis implemented in each country. In Spain and in Germany, use of antimicrobials, predominantly beta-lactams, is still crucial for the control of the disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Using Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Real Trajectories to Get More Trustworthy Pedestrian Simulation

Reinforcement learning is one of the most promising machine learning techniques to get intelligent behaviors for embodied agents in simulations. The output of the classic Temporal Difference family of Reinforcement Learning algorithms adopts the form of a value function expressed as a numeric table or a function approximator. The learned behavior is then derived using a greedy policy with respect to this value function. Nevertheless, sometimes the learned policy does not meet expectations, and the task of authoring is difficult and unsafe because the modification of one value or parameter in the learned value function has unpredictable consequences in the space of the policies it represents. This invalidates direct manipulation of the learned value function as a method to modify the derived behaviors. In this paper, we propose the use of Inverse Reinforcement Learning to incorporate real behavior traces in the learning process to shape the learned behaviors, thus increasing their trustworthiness (in terms of conformance to reality). To do so, we adapt the Inverse Reinforcement Learning framework to the navigation problem domain. Specifically, we use Soft Q-learning, an algorithm based on the maximum causal entropy principle, with MARL-Ped (a Reinforcement Learning-based pedestrian simulator) to include information from trajectories of real pedestrians in the process of learning how to navigate inside a virtual 3D space that represents the real environment. A comparison with the behaviors learned using a Reinforcement Learning classic algorithm (Sarsa(λ)) shows that the Inverse Reinforcement Learning behaviors adjust significantly better to the real trajectories

Training and Competition Load Monitoring and Analysis of Women's Amateur Basketball by Playing Position: Approach Study

Currently, the number of women involved in sport is increasing. Although, research on their characteristics and performance is scarce. A great amount of research on men's basketball is available, but it is unknown if it can be applied to women's basketball. The objective of this research was to characterize the internal and external load performed by female basketball players during training and sports competition according to playing positions through inertial devices. The participants in the following study were 10 amateur basketball players who competed at regional level (21.7 ± 3.65 years; 59.5 ± 12.27 kg, and 168.5 ± 3.56). Data were collected in games of the final phase (n = 8) and from 5 vs. 5 training tasks (n = 47). All the analyses were run according to playing positions. Each player was equipped with a GarminTM Heart Rate Band and WimuTM inertial device that monitored physical activity and movement in real time. The results obtained showed that the load experienced during competition was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001) than during training (Heart Rate, Player Load, Steps, Jumps, and Impacts). There were also differences according to playing positions, mainly between the backcourt and frontcourt players (p &lt; 0.001). The players must work in higher areas of heart rate during training, mainly in Z4 and Z5, increasing their HRmáx y HRavg. The training doesn't equal the load supported and the distance performed in competition, so it is necessary to pay more attention during training. This information allows us to develop adequate training protocols adjusted to the specific individual requirements of the sports competition

Grado de implementación del mando orientado a la misión en unidades paracaidistas

El Mission Command, definido por el ejército estadounidense, es el “ejercicio de la autoridad y dirección de un mando mediante el uso de órdenes de misión, para fomentar la iniciativa disciplinada dentro del propósito del escalón superior”. Esta forma de mando está basada en unos principios básicos. Libertad de acción, confianza mutua y unidad de esfuerzo.Los primeros documentos y esfuerzos en la implementación de una filosofía de mando datan de las fuerzas armadas prusianas del siglo XIX, estas fueron seguidas por una evolución e implementación con nuevas tecnologías durante el III Reich. Tras esto, los principales promotores de este tipo de liderazgo, los ejércitos estadounidenses y británicos continuaron su desarrollo, hasta el principio del siglo XXI, en el que el Mission Command apareció oficialmente en la doctrina estadounidense.Este TFG se centra en el estudio del grado de implementación del Mission Command en unidades paracaidistas del ejército español. Este tipo de flexibilidad y adaptabilidad son de importancia primordial para unidades paracaidistas. Las unidades de infantería paracaidista, usadas en su forma convencional, como unidades lanzadas detrás de las líneas enemigas, requieren un grado de iniciativa y flexibilidad muy grande. Esto es porque, durante la situación previamente explicada, la capacidad de improvisación es vital, toda oportunidad debe de ser explotada tan pronto como es posible, y cualquier incidencia, resuelta antes de que la unidad sea sobrepasada o sus suministros agotados.Las herramientas usadas para adquirir y analizar datos han sido la entrevista a capitanes de infantería, y una encuesta anónima centrada en mandos de compañía y sección. Se han realizado diagramas DAFO y AMFE, así como diagramas de flujo y simulaciones de combate, diseñadas para estimar la capacidad de los líderes de usar Mission Command en situaciones tácticas, en las cuales se enfrentan a fuerzas enemigas u otras situaciones inesperadas, como WIA, emboscadas, trampas, etc. Con estas herramientas y simulaciones se ha buscado el análisis de la situación del Mission Command en la Brigada Paracaidista, así como los beneficios del uso de esta filosofía de mando.Tras el análisis de los datos extraídos se han llegado a una serie de conclusiones. La filosofía del Mission Command no está implementada actualmente en las unidades de infantería paracaidistas españolas. Esta situación no es particular en este tipo de unidades, pero es una situación más crítica debido a la naturaleza particular de estas. La brigada aerotransportada, en términos de implementación y desarrollo del Mission Command, debería ser la punta de lanza del ET. Esta situación no es la actual, la implementación de esta filosofía de liderazgo es tan fallida como en el resto de brigadas del ET. Los escenarios a los que las fuerzas paracaidistas se enfrentan, así como los que se pueden enfrentar en un futuro, son campos de batalla más adecuados para unidades en las que se ha implementado la filosofía del Mission Command.<br /

Study of the differences yn play between winning and losing teams in formative stages of team handball

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la competición cadete de balonmano, intentando identificar las estadísticas del juego que discriminan los equipos ganadores y perdedores. Se analizaron los registros estadísticos de 52 partidos del Campeonato de España cadete de balonmano masculino 2007. Los resultados han sugerido que los equipos ganadores tienen un mejor rendimiento ofensivo y defensivo. Los equipos ganadores hacen mejor y mayor uso del contraataque. Los lanzamientos en contraataque, los goles en contraataque, los goles desde 6 metros y las asistencias predicen la victoria, y los lanzamientos recibidos, la derrota. Los resultados sugieren trabajar defensas agresivas y rápidas transiciones en esta categoría.Actividad Física y Deport