180 research outputs found
Steering between Bloch oscillation and dipole oscillation in parabolic optical waveguide arrays
We study the optical oscillations of supermodes in planar optical waveguide
arrays with parabolically graded propagation constant in individual waveguide
interacting through nearest neighbor couplings. In these arrays, we have
identified a transition between a symmetric dipole oscillation (DO) and a
symmetry-breaking Bloch oscillation (BO) under appropriate conditions. There
exist obvious correspondences between gradon localization and various optical
oscillations. By virtue of an analogue between the oscillation of optical
system and that of a plane pendulum, we propose a shift of the graded profile
to cause a transition from BO to DO. We confirm the optical transition by means
of Hamiltonian optics, as well as by the field evolution of the supermodes. The
results offer great potential applications in optical switching, which can be
applied to design suitable optical devices.Comment: Submitted to JOSA B for publication
Scale Invariant Low-Energy Effective Action in N=3 SYM Theory
Using the harmonic superspace approach we study the problem of low-energy
effective action in N=3 SYM theory. The candidate effective action is a scale
and \gamma_5-invariant functional in full N=3 superspace built out of N=3
off-shell superfield strengths. This action is constructed as N=3 superfield
generalization of F^4/\phi^4 component term which is leading in the low-energy
effective action and is simultaneously the first nontrivial term in scale
invariant Born-Infeld action. All higher-order terms in the scale invariant
Born-Infeld action are also shown to admit an off-shell superfield completion
in N=3 harmonic superspace.Comment: 17 pages; v2: typos correcte
Quantum N=3, d=3 Chern-Simons Matter Theories in Harmonic Superspace
We develop the background field method for studying classical and quantum
aspects of N=3, d=3 Chern-Simons and matter theories in N=3 harmonic
superspace. As one of the immediate consequences, we prove a nonrenormalization
theorem implying the ultra-violet finiteness of the corresponding supergraph
perturbation theory. We also derive the general hypermultiplet and gauge
superfield propagators in a Chern-Simons background. The leading supergraphs
with two and four external lines are evaluated. In contrast to the
non-supersymmetric theory, the leading quantum correction to the massive
charged hypermultiplet proves to be the super Yang-Mills action rather than the
Chern-Simons one. The hypermultiplet mass is induced by a constant triplet of
central charges in the N=3, d=3 Poincare superalgebra.Comment: 1+37 pages, 3 figures; v2: a reference added, to appear in JHE
Vector-multiplet effective action in the non-anticommutative charged hypermultiplet model
We investigate the quantum aspects of a charged hypermultiplet in deformed
N=(1,1) superspace with singlet non-anticommutative deformation of
supersymmetry. This model is a "star" modification of the hypermultiplet
interacting with a background Abelian vector superfield. We prove that this
model is renormalizable in the sense that the divergent part of the effective
action is proportional to the N=(1,0) non-anticommutative super Yang-Mills
action. We also calculate the finite part of the low-energy effective action
depending on the vector multiplet, which corresponds to the (anti)holomorphic
potential. The holomorphic piece is just deformed to the star-generalization of
the standard holomorphic potential, while the antiholomorphic piece is not. We
also reveal the component structure and find the deformation of the mass and
the central charge.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figur
Two-loop effective potentials in general N=2, d=3 chiral superfield model
We study local superspace contributions to low-energy effective action in
general chiral three-dimensional superfield model. The effective Kahler and
chiral potentials are computed in explicit form up to the two-loop order. In
accordance with the non-renormalization theorem, the ultraviolet divergences
appear only in the full superspace while the effective chiral potential
receives only finite quantum contributions in the massless case. As an
application, the two-loop effective scalar potential is found for the
three-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric Wess-Zumino model.Comment: 1+29 page
ABJM models in N=3 harmonic superspace
We construct the classical action of the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena
(ABJM) model in the N=3, d=3 harmonic superspace. In such a formulation three
out of six supersymmetries are realized off shell while the other three mix the
superfields and close on shell. The superfield action involves two
hypermultiplet superfields in the bifundamental representation of the gauge
group and two Chern-Simons gauge superfields corresponding to the left and
right gauge groups. The N=3 superconformal invariance allows only for a minimal
gauge interaction of the hypermultiplets. Amazingly, the correct sextic scalar
potential of ABJM emerges after the elimination of auxiliary fields. Besides
the original U(N)xU(N) ABJM model, we also construct N=3 superfield
formulations of some generalizations. For the SU(2)xSU(2) case we give a simple
superfield proof of its enhanced N=8 supersymmetry and SO(8) R-symmetry.Comment: 1+35 pages, minor changes, a reference added, published versio
N=4 superparticle and super Yang-Mills theory in USp(4) harmonic superspace
We study the N=4 harmonic superparticle model, both with and without central
charge and quantize it. Since the central charge breaks the U(4) R-symmetry
group of the N=4 superalgebra down to USp(4), we consider the superparticle
dynamics in N=4 harmonic superspace with USp(4)/(U(1)xU(1)) harmonic variables.
We show that the quantization of a massive superparticle with central charge
leads to a superfield realization of the N=4 massive vector multiplet in N=4
harmonic superspace. In the massless case without central charge the
superparticle quantization reproduces three different multiplets: the N=4 SYM
multiplet, the N=4 gravitino multiplet and N=4 supergravity multiplet. The SYM
multiplet is described by six analytic superfield strengths with different
types of analyticity. We show that these strengths solve the N=4 SYM
constraints and can be used for the construction of actions in N=4 harmonic
superspace.Comment: 1+42 pages, references added, published versio
ϒ production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN=8.16 TeV
ϒ production in p–Pb interactions is studied at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision √sNN = 8.16 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed reconstructing bottomonium resonances via their dimuon decay channel, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03 < ycms < 3.53 and −4.46 < ycms < −2.96, down to zero transverse momentum. In this work, results on the ϒ(1S) production cross section as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum are presented. The corresponding nuclear modification factor shows a suppression of the ϒ(1S) yields with respect to pp collisions, both at forward and backward rapidity. This suppression is stronger in the low transverse momentum region and shows no significant dependence on the centrality of the interactions. Furthermore, the ϒ(2S) nuclear modification factor is evaluated, suggesting a suppression similar to that of the ϒ(1S). A first measurement of the ϒ(3S) has also been performed. Finally, results are compared with previous ALICE measurements in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and with theoretical calculations.publishedVersio
(Anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions at 1as=13TeV
The study of (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. In this paper the production of (anti-)deuterons is studied as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at s=13 TeV using the ALICE experiment. Thanks to the large number of accumulated minimum bias events, it has been possible to measure (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions up to the same charged particle multiplicity (d Nch/ d \u3b7 3c 26) as measured in p\u2013Pb collisions at similar centre-of-mass energies. Within the uncertainties, the deuteron yield in pp collisions resembles the one in p\u2013Pb interactions, suggesting a common formation mechanism behind the production of light nuclei in hadronic interactions. In this context the measurements are compared with the expectations of coalescence and statistical hadronisation models (SHM)
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