Estudio de la actividad biocida de aceites procedentes de plantas aromáticas sobre Tetranychus urticae y Ceratitis capitata

Se ha estudiado la actividad biocida de aceites esenciales extraídos de plantas aromáticas como el romero (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) y la salvia (Salvia officinalis L.) sobre la araña roja (Tetranychus urticae Koch) y la mosca de la fruta (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann). El aceite esencial de salvia a la concentración del 1% se mostró capaz de atraer adultos de C. capitata. La mayor actividad frente a la araña roja se observó por parte del aceite esencial de salvia, provocando, con gran rapidez, una alta tasa de mortalidad. El aceite de salvia al 0,25% consiguió reducir el nivel de puesta de T. urticae, llegando incluso a tasas de reducción de un 50%

MEDICIÓN DE LA FUERZA Y POTENCIA MUSCULAR DEL SALTO VERTICAL CON SENTADILLA HACIENDO USO DEL SOFTWARE ANALIZADOR DE VIDEOS TRACKER

En este trabajo se usó el programa analizador de videos Tracker para estudiar el salto vertical con sentadilla realizada por una persona. El salto fue filmado e importado a Tracker donde se construyó el modelo cinemático de salto. A partir del modelo determinamos la altura máxima que alcanza el centro de gravedad del saltador y los valores promedio de fuerza y potencia muscular desarrollados. La simplicidad del método, su bajo costo y la diversidad de variables físicas involucradas hacen que su aplicación sea apropiada no solo en cursos introductorios de física, sino también en pruebas de salto de diferentes disciplinas deportivas.PALABRAS CLAVE: Salto vertical con sentadilla, fuerza y potencia muscular, Tracker.

CHARACTERIZATION OF NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGIONS IN CELLS OF TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR IN CANINE: HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

El objetivo del presente estudio fue visualizar y caracterizar las Regiones Organizadoras Nucleolares Argénticas (AgNORs) en células neoplásicas del tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) de caninos a través de la impregnación con nitrato de plata. Se trabajó con una muestra tomada al azar de tejido parafinado de 30 caninos diagnosticados histológicamente (con coloración de Hematoxilina y Eosina) como TVT canino entre el 2000 al 2006. En 100 células por muestra se visualizó la presencia y ubicación de los AgNORs en las células neoplásicas. Se encontró un número medio de AgNORs por célula de 1.53, por núcleo de 0.91 y por nucléolo de 0.62. La distribución de los AgNORs en el total de células evaluadas fue de 60.7% (1821/3000) en el núcleo, 34.3% (1029/3000) en el nucléolo y 5% (150/3000) en ambas estructuras.The objective of the present study was to visualize and characterize the Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) in Cells of Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) in the canine through the impregnation with silver nitrate. One sample was collected at random from paraffin tissue of 30 canine tissue samples that were histological diagnosed (using Hematoxylin and Eosin stain) as TVT during the period of 2000-2006. The AgNORs were visualized and localized in 100 cells per sample. The average number of AgNORs per cell was 1.53, per cell nucleus was 90.91 and per nucleolus was 0.62. The distribution of AgNORs in the total number of cells was 60.7% (1821/ 3000) in the nucleus, 34.3% (1029/3000) in the nucleolus, and 5% (150/3000) in both structures

Human and Canine Echinococcosis Infection in Informal, Unlicensed Abattoirs in Lima, Peru

Echinococcus granulosus infections are a major public health problem in livestock-raising regions around the world. The life cycle of this tapeworm is sustained between dogs (definitive host, canine echinococcosis), and herbivores (intermediary host, cystic hydatid disease). Humans may also develop cystic hydatid disease. Echinococcosis is endemic in rural areas of Peru; nevertheless, its presence or the extension of the problem in urban areas is basically unknown. Migration into Lima, an 8-million habitant's metropolis, creates peripheral areas where animals brought from endemic areas are slaughtered without veterinary supervision. We identified eight informal, unlicensed abattoirs in a peripheral district of Lima and performed a cross-sectional study in to assess the prevalence of canine echinococcosis, evaluated by coproELISA followed by PCR evaluation and arecoline purge. Eight of 22 dogs (36%) were positive to coproELISA, and four (18%) were confirmed to be infected with E. granulosus tapeworms either by PCR or direct observation (purge). Later evaluation of the human population living in these abattoirs using abdominal ultrasound, chest X-rays and serology, found 3 out of 32 (9.3%) subjects with echinococcal cysts in the liver (two viable, one calcified), one of whom had also lung involvement and a strongly positive antibody response. Autochthonous transmission of E. granulosus is present in Lima. Informal, unlicensed abattoirs may be sources of infection to neighbouring people in this urban environment

The Vein Patterning 1 (VEP1) Gene Family Laterally Spread through an Ecological Network

Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is a major evolutionary mechanism in prokaryotes. Knowledge about LGT— particularly, multicellular— eukaryotes has only recently started to accumulate. A widespread assumption sees the gene as the unit of LGT, largely because little is yet known about how LGT chances are affected by structural/functional features at the subgenic level. Here we trace the evolutionary trajectory of VEin Patterning 1, a novel gene family known to be essential for plant development and defense. At the subgenic level VEP1 encodes a dinucleotide-binding Rossmann-fold domain, in common with members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) protein family. We found: i) VEP1 likely originated in an aerobic, mesophilic and chemoorganotrophic α-proteobacterium, and was laterally propagated through nets of ecological interactions, including multiple LGTs between phylogenetically distant green plant/fungi-associated bacteria, and five independent LGTs to eukaryotes. Of these latest five transfers, three are ancient LGTs, implicating an ancestral fungus, the last common ancestor of land plants and an ancestral trebouxiophyte green alga, and two are recent LGTs to modern embryophytes. ii) VEP1's rampant LGT behavior was enabled by the robustness and broad utility of the dinucleotide-binding Rossmann-fold, which provided a platform for the evolution of two unprecedented departures from the canonical SDR catalytic triad. iii) The fate of VEP1 in eukaryotes has been different in different lineages, being ubiquitous and highly conserved in land plants, whereas fungi underwent multiple losses. And iv) VEP1-harboring bacteria include non-phytopathogenic and phytopathogenic symbionts which are non-randomly distributed with respect to the type of harbored VEP1 gene. Our findings suggest that VEP1 may have been instrumental for the evolutionary transition of green plants to land, and point to a LGT-mediated ‘Trojan Horse’ mechanism for the evolution of bacterial pathogenesis against plants. VEP1 may serve as tool for revealing microbial interactions in plant/fungi-associated environments

Ocrelizumab versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Supported by F. Hoffmann–La Roche

Representaciones mentales colectivas sobre salud en el currículo de una Institución Educativa Distrital de la ciudad de Barranquilla

El presente estudio exploró acerca de las representaciones mentales colectivas y conceptos relacionados sobre la salud en jóvenes con edades entre 10 y 16 años de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario con el fin de extraer información sobre la naturaleza y las causas de la salud, así como de aquellos conceptos que con ella se relacionan y que permitan establecer el tipo de visión que se tiene al respecto. En general, se observó que los alumnos refieren un gran número de conceptos a la salud. Sin embargo, la perciben de una manera individualista y con poca consideración del entorno, por lo que estas representaciones colectivas indican que aún no se tienen elementos suficientes para su visión general. AbstractThis study explored the collective mental representations and concepts on health in a group of students within an age range of 10 to 16 in a public institution in Barranquilla. In order to do this, a questionnaire was made with the aim of obtaining information about the nature and causes of health, as well as other related concepts, therefore providing a kind of insight on the concept of health. In general, it was observed that students referred to health with a great number of concepts. However, they perceive health in an individual manner and with little regard for the environment, so these collective representations indicate that students do not have sufficient enough elements or awareness to have a global vision of health

Representaciones mentales colectivas sobre salud en el currículo de una Institución Educativa Distrital de la ciudad de Barranquilla

<p>El presente estudio exploró acerca de las representaciones mentales colectivas y conceptos relacionados sobre la salud en jóvenes con edades entre 10 y 16 años de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario con el fin de extraer información sobre la naturaleza y las causas de la salud, así como de aquellos conceptos que con ella se relacionan y que permitan establecer el tipo de visión que se tiene al respecto. En general, se observó que los alumnos refieren un gran número de conceptos a la salud. Sin embargo, la perciben de una manera individualista y con poca consideración del entorno, por lo que estas representaciones colectivas indican que aún no se tienen elementos suficientes para su visión general.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract<br />This study explored the collective mental representations and concepts on health in a group of students within an age range of 10 to 16 in a public institution in Barranquilla. In order to do this, a questionnaire was made with the aim of obtaining information about the nature and causes of health, as well as other related concepts, therefore providing a kind of insight on the concept of health. In general, it was observed that students referred to health with a great number of concepts. However, they perceive health in an individual manner and with little regard for the environment, so these collective representations indicate that students do not have sufficient enough elements or awareness to have a global vision of health.</p