106 research outputs found
Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
A primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to measure the MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to be uniquely sensitive to the component of the supernova flux, enabling a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the energy-dependent total cross section for charged-current absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of supernova spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the impact of modeling uncertainties on DUNE's supernova neutrino physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large theoretical uncertainties on must be substantially reduced before the flux parameters can be extracted reliably: in the absence of external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with less than 10\% bias with DUNE requires to be known to about 5%. The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a 20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to uncertainties on the shape of . A direct measurement of low-energy -argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the theoretical precision to the needed level
Constraints on the CMB temperature redshift dependence from SZ and distance measurements
The relation between redshift and the CMB temperature,
is a key prediction of standard cosmology, but is violated in many non-standard
models. Constraining possible deviations to this law is an effective way to
test the CDM paradigm and search for hints of new physics. We present
state-of-the-art constraints, using both direct and indirect measurements. In
particular, we point out that in models where photons can be created or
destroyed, not only does the temperature-redshift relation change, but so does
the distance duality relation, and these departures from the standard behaviour
are related, providing us with an opportunity to improve constraints. We show
that current datasets limit possible deviations of the form
to be up to a redshift
. We also discuss how, with the next generation of space and
ground-based experiments, these constraints can be improved by more than one
order of magnitude.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figure
Neutrino-nucleus cross sections for oscillation experiments
Neutrino oscillations physics is entered in the precision era. In this
context accelerator-based neutrino experiments need a reduction of systematic
errors to the level of a few percent. Today one of the most important sources
of systematic errors are neutrino-nucleus cross sections which in the
hundreds-MeV to few-GeV energy region are known with a precision not exceeding
20%. In this article we review the present experimental and theoretical
knowledge of the neutrino-nucleus interaction physics. After introducing
neutrino oscillation physics and accelerator-based neutrino experiments, we
overview general aspects of the neutrino-nucleus cross sections, both
theoretical and experimental views. Then we focus on these quantities in
different reaction channels. We start with the quasielastic and
quasielastic-like cross section, putting a special emphasis on multinucleon
emission channel which attracted a lot of attention in the last few years. We
review the main aspects of the different microscopic models for this channel by
discussing analogies and differences among them.The discussion is always driven
by a comparison with the experimental data. We then consider the one pion
production channel where data-theory agreement remains very unsatisfactory. We
describe how to interpret pion data, then we analyze in particular the puzzle
related to the impossibility of theoretical models and Monte Carlo to
simultaneously describe MiniBooNE and MINERvA experimental results. Inclusive
cross sections are also discussed, as well as the comparison between the
and cross sections, relevant for the CP violation
experiments. The impact of the nuclear effects on the reconstruction of
neutrino energy and on the determination of the neutrino oscillation parameters
is reviewed. A window to the future is finally opened by discussing projects
and efforts in future detectors, beams, and analysis
Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF
The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at
the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described
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Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), far detector technical design report, volume III: DUNE far detector technical coordination
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module
Dusty: an assistive mobile manipulator that retrieves dropped objects for people with motor impairments
People with physical disabilities have ranked object retrieval as a high priority task for assistive robots. We have developed Dusty, a teleoperated mobile manipulator that fetches objects from the floor and delivers them to users at a comfortable height. In this paper, we first demonstrate the robot's high success rate (98.4%) when autonomously grasping 25 objects considered important by people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We tested the robot with each object in five different configurations on five types of flooring. We then present the results of an experiment in which 20 people with ALS operated Dusty. Participants teleoperated Dusty to move around an obstacle, pick up an object, and deliver the object to themselves. They successfully completed this task in 59 out of 60 trials (3 trials each) with a mean completion time of 61.4 seconds (SD=20.5 seconds), and reported high overall satisfaction using Dusty (7-point Likert scale; 6.8 SD=0.6). Participants rated Dusty to be significantly easier to use than their own hands, asking family members, and using mechanical reachers (p < 0.03, paired t-tests). 14 of the 20 participants reported that they would prefer using Dusty over their current methods
Measurement of the production cross section for Z gamma -> nu(nu)over-bar gamma in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV and limits on ZZ gamma and Z gamma gamma triple gauge boson couplings
This article is the pre-print version of the final published paper that is available from the link below.A measurement of the Z → vvγ cross section in pp collisions at root s = 7TeV is presented, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb-1 collected with the CMS detector. This measurement is based on the observation of events with an imbalance of transverse energy in excess of 130 GeV and a single photon in the absolute pseudorapidity range |n| < 1:4 with transverse energy above 145 GeV. The Z →vvγ production cross section is measured to be 21.1±4.2 (stat:)±4.3 (syst:)±0.5 (lum:) fb, which agrees with the standard model prediction of 21.9±1.1 fb. The results are combined with the CMS measurement of Z production in the l+l- γ final state (where l is an electron or a muon) to yield the most stringent limits to date on triple gauge boson couplings: |hZ3|< 2.7 x 10-3, |hZ4| < 1,3 x 10-5 for ZZγ and |hγ3| < 2.9 x10-3, |hγ4| < 1.5 x 10-5 for Zγγ couplings
Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading
neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this
work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in
the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to
100 kiloton-megawatt-years (kt-MW-yr). The analysis includes detailed
uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and
detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously
resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 3 (5) level, with a 66
(100) kt-MW-yr far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong
statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of
other oscillation parameters. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make
a robust measurement of CPV at a 3 level with a 100 kt-MW-yr exposure
for the maximally CP-violating values \delta_{\rm CP}} = \pm\pi/2.
Additionally, the dependence of DUNE's sensitivity on the exposure taken in
neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal
fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal
when considered over the entire space of interest
Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector
Measurements of electrons from interactions are crucial for the Deep
Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as
searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection,
and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and
reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector.
ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and
operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of
low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a
purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy
scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray
muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated
cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the
theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert
reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector
response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including
readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation
between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectrum
is derived and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron
selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited
energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the
energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50~MeV. These results are
used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to
reconstruct low-energy electrons.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC
The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection
chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at
the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far
detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will
be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead,
South Dakota, USA. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components
as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of ~m.
The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and
high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation
between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far
detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and
operation of the detector components
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