Transatlantic Monetary and Fiscal Policy Interaction

This paper studies the design, effects and interactions of monetary and fiscal policies in the euro-area and between the euro-area and the non euro-area. To do so, a stylized three-country model of monetary and fiscal policy rules is constructed. It is analyzed how monetary and fiscal rules affect the adjustment dynamics in the individual euro-area countries, the aggregate euro-area and the US, which is used as a proxy of the non euro-area. Four aspects play an important role in the analysis: (i) the consequences of alternative monetary and fiscal policy rules, (ii) transatlantic spillovers and policy interactions, and the dynamics of the euro and euro-area current account, (iii) the consequences of asymmetries between euroarea countries -asymmetries in macroeconomic shocks, macroeconomic structures or policy preferences-, and between the euro-area and the US, (iv) the role of alternative degrees of backward and forward looking (expectations) in output and inflation.EMU, fiscal policy, monetary policy

Long-run relationship between exports and imports : current account sustainability tests for the EU

We assess the sustainability of external imbalances for EU countries using panel stationarity tests of Current Account (CA) balance-to-GDP ratios and panel cointegration of exports and imports of goods and services, for the period 1970Q1-2015Q4. We find that: i) the country panel is non-stationary; ii) cross-sectional dependence plays an important role; iii) there is non-stationarity of the CA, imports, and exports with cross-sectional panel dependence and multiple structural breaks; iv) however, there is a stable long-run relationship between exports and imports in the panel. Hence, trade imbalances can be less unsustainable but this is not sufficient to make current account imbalances sustainable.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Données économiques sur la lutte biologique contre le scolyte des baies du caféier

La possibilité d'utiliser un parasitoïde, Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem, pour contrôler les populations de scolytes des baies a été démontrée. Cette étude économique en évalue les possibilités d'application dans les grandes exploitations familiales du sud-ouest du Guatemala. Cette innovation technique ne représente pas un investissement financier élevé. Son coût, essentiellement la main-d'oeuvre nécessaire au maintien des élevages du parasitoïde, est comparable à celui de la lutte chimique, soit 7% du coût total. Les petits exploitants qui rénovent leur caféière sont très favorables à l'adoption des techniques de lutte biologique, car ils peuvent se grouper pour les mettre en oeuvre. (Résumé d'auteurs

Transatlantic Monetary and Fiscal Policy Interaction

This paper studies the design, effects and interactions of monetary and fiscal policies in the euro-area and between the euro-area and the non euro-area. To do so, a stylized three-country model of monetary and fiscal policy rules is constructed. It is analyzed how monetary and fiscal rules affect the adjustment dynamics in the individual euro-area countries, the aggregate euro-area and the US, which is used as a proxy of the non euro-area. Four aspects play an important role in the analysis: (i) the consequences of alternative monetary and fiscal policy rules, (ii) transatlantic spillovers and policy interactions, and the dynamics of the euro and euro-area current account, (iii) the consequences of asymmetries between euroarea countries -asymmetries in macroeconomic shocks, macroeconomic structures or policy preferences-, and between the euro-area and the US, (iv) the role of alternative degrees of backward and forward looking (expectations) in output and inflation

Indebtedness and macroeconomic imbalances in a monetary-union DSGE model

We build a two-country open-economy monetary union DSGE model in order to explain some macroeconomic imbalances in the euro area. We fo cus on the role of cyclic al behaviour of public spending and sovereign risk premium. Pro-cyclical primary public expenditures in one country do not lead to higher interest rates on domestic public bonds in the short term as long as output growth helps financing public debt. Spillover effects on th e other country can be positive on output as long as a real effective depreciation of the common currency leads to higher exports to the rest of the world

Maladie du hêtre. Bilan chiffré de la situation à l'été 2001

Durant l'été 2001, un inventaire des dégâts occasionnés par la maladie du hêtre à été réalisé. Les résultats de cette étude ont été publiés dans la revue Silva belgica. Nous en reprenons ici la conclusion ainsi que quelques-uns des nombreux graphiques et tableaux qui y sont présentés. Nous invitons le lecteur intéressé à se référer à l'article original

How to select the most relevant 3D roughness parameters of a surface

In order to conduct a comprehensive roughness analysis, around sixty 3D roughness parameters are created to describe most of the surface morphology with regard to specific functions, properties or applications. In this paper, a multiscale surface topography decomposition method is proposed with application to stainless steel (AISI 304), which is processed by rolling at different fabrication stages and by electrical discharge tool machining. Fifty-six 3Droughness parameters defined in ISO, EUR, and ASME standards are calculated for the measured surfaces. Then, expert software 'MesRug' is employed to perform statistical analysis on acquired data in order to find the most relevant parameters characterizing the effect of both processes (rolling and machining), and to determine the most appropriate scale of analysis. For the rolling process: The parameter Vmc (the Core Material Volume-defined as volume of material comprising the texture between heights corresponding to the material ratio values of p=10% and q=80%) computed at the scale of 3 mm is the most relevant parameter to characterize the cold rolling process. For the EDM Process, the best roughness parameter is SPD that represents the number of peaks per unit area after segmentation of a surface into motifs computed at the scale of 8 mm. SCANNING 9999:1-11, 2013. (c) Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Un poble en Venda

Treball Final de Grau en Comunicació Audiovisual. Codi: CA0932. Curs: 2013-201

Exploiting the MDM2-CK1 alpha Protein-Protein Interface to Develop Novel Biologics That Induce UBL-Kinase-Modification and Inhibit Cell Growth

Protein-protein interactions forming dominant signalling events are providing ever-growing platforms for the development of novel Biologic tools for controlling cell growth. Casein Kinase 1 α (CK1α) forms a genetic and physical interaction with the murine double minute chromosome 2 (MDM2) oncoprotein resulting in degradation of the p53 tumour suppressor. Pharmacological inhibition of CK1 increases p53 protein level and induces cell death, whilst small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of CK1α stabilizes p53 and induces growth arrest. We mapped the dominant protein-protein interface that stabilizes the MDM2 and CK1α complex in order to determine whether a peptide derived from the core CK1α-MDM2 interface form novel Biologics that can be used to probe the contribution of the CK1-MDM2 protein-protein interaction to p53 activation and cell viability. Overlapping peptides derived from CK1α were screened for dominant MDM2 binding sites using (i) ELISA with recombinant MDM2; (ii) cell lysate pull-down towards endogenous MDM2; (iii) MDM2-CK1α complex-based competition ELISA; and (iv) MDM2-mediated ubiquitination. One dominant peptide, peptide 35 was bioactive in all four assays and its transfection induced cell death/growth arrest in a p53-independent manner. Ectopic expression of flag-tagged peptide 35 induced a novel ubiquitin and NEDD8 modification of CK1α, providing one of the first examples whereby NEDDylation of a protein kinase can be induced. These data identify an MDM2 binding motif in CK1α which when isolated as a small peptide can (i) function as a dominant negative inhibitor of the CK1α-MDM2 interface, (ii) be used as a tool to study NEDDylation of CK1α, and (iii) reduce cell growth. Further, this approach provides a technological blueprint, complementing siRNA and chemical biology approaches, by exploiting protein-protein interactions in order to develop Biologics to manipulate novel types of signalling pathways such as cross-talk between NEDDylation, protein kinase signalling, and cell survival