la Expression and RNA Content in BALF of Allotransplanted lungs in Dogs

la expression and RNA content in BALF and peripheral blood were evaluated on the condition of combination therapy of Cyclosporine (CsA), Azathioprine (Azp), and Predonine (Pr) following lung allotransplanatation in dogs. 1) la expression of lymphocytes in BALF was faciliated according to the appearance of rejection and depressed according to the disappearance of rejection. Thefore, it is indicated that la expression is one of the valuable monitorings to determine the appearance of rejection. 2) The low RNA content of macrophages in BALF and monocytes in the peripheral blood showed regardless of the appearance of rejection or not. It was of no use to determine rejection on the condition of prescribing CsA

F-molding: A New Production Method for Largely Aspherical Mirrors of Cordierite

Cordierite is a rigid low thermal expansion coefficient ceramic equivalent to that of low thermal expansion glass but with voids due to forming with raw material powder. To overcome this problem, we propose Flexible Molding (F-molding) as our new fabrication method. With F-molding, the raw material powder is converted to liquid slurry, which is poured into a resin mold, solidified, and directly formed into near net design of a mirror. The mold prepared from F-molding is an effective tool for processing multiple volumes of identical structures such as those used in segmented mirror designs. We introduce details of our fabrication method in F-molding mirror and report its measurement results of optical performances with a 270mm diameter sample

Dissociative photoionization of the NO molecule studied by photoelectron-photon coincidence technique

Low-energy photoelectron–vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photon coincidences have been measured using synchrotron radiation excitation in the inner-valence region of the nitric oxide molecule. The capabilities of the coincidence set-up were demonstrated by detecting the 2s−1 → 2p−1 radiative transitions in coincidence with the 2s photoelectron emission in Ne. In NO, the observed coincidence events are attributed to dissociative photoionization with excitation, whereby photoelectron emission is followed by fragmentation of excited NO+ ions into O+ + N* or N+ + O* and VUV emission from an excited neutral fragment. The highest coincidence rate occurs with the opening of ionization channels which are due to correlation satellites of the 3σ photoionization. The decay time of VUV photon emission was also measured, implying that specific excited states of N atoms contribute significantly to observed VUV emission

Graft Function Associated with Oxygen Free Radicals Immediately after Transplantation

Free radical formation on lung allografts was estimated in macrophages of the bronchoalveolar space, and monocytes of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein in terms of the different immunosuppressive drugs of cyclosporine and azathioprine. It is elucidated that free radical formation is facilitated by macrophages of the bronchoalveolar space. It is of interest to emphasize that cyclosporine plays a cytoprotective role in prevention of free radical formation

Graft Rejection in Tems of Oxygen Free Radicals

Oxygen free radical formation in macrophages of bronchoalveolar lavage and monocytes of the pulmonary artery and vein was assessed in terms of the pathogenesis of rejection with or without pneumonia on lung allografts on the condition of the use of cyclosporine and azathioprine. It was clearly observed that oxygen free radicals are activated after transplantation. However, the immunosuppressive drugs of cyclosporine and azathioprione individually revealed a different behavior for the activation of oxygen free radicals. There was not close correlation between the activation of oxygen free radicals and occurrence of rejection with or without pneumonia

Photoprocesses in protoplanetary disks

Circumstellar disks are exposed to intense ultraviolet radiation from the young star. In the inner disks, the UV radiation can be enhanced by more than seven orders of magnitude compared with the average interstellar field, resulting in a physical and chemical structure that resembles that of a dense photon-dominated region (PDR). This intense UV field affects the chemistry, the vertical structure of the disk, and the gas temperature, especially in the surface layers of the disk. The parameters which make disks different from traditional PDRs are discussed, including the shape of the UV radiation field, grain growth, the absence of PAHs, the gas/dust ratio and the presence of inner holes. New photorates for selected species, including simple ions, are presented. Also, a summary of available cross sections at Lyman alpha 1216 A is made. Rates are computed for radiation fields with color temperatures ranging from 4000 to 30,000 K, and can be applied to a wide variety of astrophysical regions including exo-planetary atmospheres. The importance of photoprocesses is illustrated for a number of representative disk models, including disk models with grain growth and settling.Comment: A website with the final published version and all photodissociation cross sections and rates can be found at http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/~ewine/phot