The Nationality of Theories

Keynote dialogue for 22nd IACCP World Congress, Reims, July 16, 201

Dimensões da cultura organizacional: resultados de uma empresa brasileira com atuação internacional

UnavailableEste trabalho, parcialmente baseado em pesquisa realizada por Hofstede et al. (1990) e em estudos sobre a cultura brasileira, investiga a cultura organizacional de uma empresa brasileira, focalizando as suas principais filiais no Brasil, assim como as na Europa, América Latina, América do Norte e Ásia – uma amostragem total de 36 cidades e 1.742 respondentes. Os resultados indicam a influência da cultura nacional sobre a cultura organizacional, na medida em que as dimensões encontradas refletem claramente a ambigüidade e as características de ética dúplice da cultura brasileira. Este trabalho apresenta, também, a importância da hierarquia e da rede de relações, que acentua a relevância do elemento cultural na estrutura e no funcionamento organizacional. Em síntese, a compreensão da ética dúplice que governa a cultura brasileira ajuda-nos a entender os comportamentos aparentemente diversos, ambíguos e, até mesmo, contraditórios refletidos nas prát icas de cultura organizacional (CO) de uma empresa brasileira com operações internacionais. Além disso, há pouca pesquisa empírica sobre a combinação de fatores que faz os indivíduos concordarem ou discordarem a respeito dos seus pontos de vista culturais. Consideramos que este trabalho procura preencher esta lacuna, tendo em vista que os clusters culturais foram obtidos por meio de uma abordagem multivariada, utilizando variáveis demográficas e as dimensões organizacionais identificadas. Os resultados desta fase do trabalho sugerem que o contexto organizacional pode aumentar ou reduzir a probabilidade de a nacionalidade afetar a concordância cultural dos membros do grupo

The relative advantage of marketing over technological capabilities in influencing new product performance:the moderating role of country institutions

Marketing and technological capabilities are major drivers of new product performance. Prior research has suggested that marketing capabilities outperform technological capabilities. This study shows that the relative advantage of marketing over technological capabilities for new product performance depends on the institutional context in a country. Meta-analytic data of 341 effect sizes of the relationship between capabilities and new product performance taken from 50 articles with 57 independent samples and collected in 17 different countries reveal new contingencies to the capabilities framework. Although in general, marketing capabilities have a stronger influence than technological capabilities on new product performance, this effect is moderated by institutional context factors. The relative advantage decreases and even reverses with increasing growth rates; it further decreases with increasingly stronger rules of law in a country; and it increases in societies that put emphasis on self-expression values over survival values. These findings contribute to research on the utility of different capabilities, inform the institution-based view of firms in international marketing, and provide implications for international marketing managers

PSYCHO-SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS AND MANAGERIAL PREFERENCES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN WESTERN ROMANIA

Women managers and the tradition of feminism in Romania It is a generally accepted fact that, since antiquity, under social and cultural facets, the human performance evaluations are, in their most frequent expression, profoundly male centered. While during the mid 20th century, the feminist movements registered a significant growth this was not a reality in the Eastern Europe. After the Second World War, the collective imagery enhanced, due to the propagandistic effort of the communist regime, a model of "new feminism" which excluded any realism and significance. The approaches of management starting from a certain typology of local mentalities, already has some tradition in the field literature. It is the object of thoroughly research based theories such as those of Geert Hofstede (Netherlands), Nancy Adler (SUA) or Gareth Morgan (Great Brittan)710 which developed theories on the so-called cross-cultural management noting the strong determinants of the national cultures impact on the managerial performance of firms. Following these approaches, our study propose the analysis of elements which can constitute an objective base of what we here call gender management. If there are significant differences between approaches of management determined by the cultural area where the entrepreneurial activity is taking place, we have sufficient arguments to consider that, regarding the managerial preferences of women there can be observed series of specificities. Consequently, in order to understand the managerial choices of women entrepreneurs from Romania, we must consider the psycho-social context and the particularities of the local culture where she is working, even more as, due to the globalization of markets one can note the standardization of organizational structures and processes. The way people expect a leader to act and the way he or she is communicating the decisions is grounded in a social normative structure incorporated in culture. A schematic analysis of our subjects answers provides the opportunity to develop some considerations regarding the basic attitudes of women entrepreneurs from the western Romania. Based upon the psycho-sociological investigations on organizational culture 71

A student teamwork induction protocol

Faulty group processes have harmful effects on performance but there is little research about intervention protocols to pre-empt them in HE. This naturalistic experiment compared a control cohort with an inducted cohort. The inducted cohort attended a workshop, consultations, elected a leader and used tools (a group log and group contract) designed to minimize social loafing, optimize coordination (by boosting good information sampling) and orient group dynamics towards the task. In the absence of inductions, a faulty system of processes was in play and this had a significant impact on group performance. In contrast, the inductions created a buffer. Structural equation modeling showed that the intervention made both group cohesion and conflict beneficial to group performance. The induction protocols enhanced students’ individual accountability, a sense of unique responsibility and dissent during group decision-making (which improved its quality). The implication is that inductions help optimize the processes within student teamwork

A Brazilian study

Cidral, W., Aparicio, M., & Oliveira, T. (2020). Students’ long-term orientation role in e-learning success: A Brazilian study. Heliyon, 6(12), 1-12. [e05735]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05735E-learning can play an important role in the solution to educate a large quota of the population in significant countries. Studies point out that cultural characteristics can influence e-learners’ performance. Our main goal is to understand the e-learning success drivers in Brazil. Our research proposes a model that analyzes students' long-term orientation role in the Brazilian e-learning context. We collected 297 answers from a survey of higher education students in nine regions. Data were analyzed through a quantitative method. Results indicate that information and collaboration quality, and e-learner satisfaction explain e-learning systems usage. Our model indicates that students' long-term orientation influences the positive relationship between e-learning systems' use and the perceived net benefits. We also found that system and information quality, and e-learning systems’ use are determinants of e-learning user satisfaction. Collaboration quality and information quality are determinants of e-learning systems usage. E-learning usage and user satisfaction explain overall e-learning net benefits, and long-term orientation has a moderating effect between e-learning use and net benefits.publishersversionpublishe

Psychic distance : antecedents, retail strategy implications and performance outcomes

The authors propose a conceptual model of the psychic distance&ndash;organizational performance relationship that incorporates organizational factors (international experience and centralization of decision making), entry strategy, and retail strategy implications. The findings suggest that when entering psychically distant markets, retailers should adopt low-cost/low-control entry strategies and adapt their retail strategy to a greater extent than in psychically close markets. However, the authors find that such strategic responses have an adverse effect on performance. They find that international experience, psychic distance, entry strategy, and retail strategy adaptation are significant drivers of organizational performance and factors that determine critical success in international retailing.<br /

Personality traits, consumer animosity, and foreign product avoidance: The moderating role of individual cultural characteristics

Although personality and cultural traits were found to be important predictors or moderators of consumer attitudes and behavior, their relationship to consumer animosity has not yet been studied. This article reports the findings of a study conducted among 606 Ukrainian consumers, aiming to identify personality drivers and behavioral outcomes of consumer animosity, as well as the moderating role of cultural characteristics. Structural equation modeling revealed that extraversion and conscientiousness have a negative effect on consumer animosity, while neuroticism and openness are positively associated with this feeling. However, no significant relationship was observed between animosity and agreeableness. In turn, consumer animosity was found to influence product avoidance, with this association becoming stronger in the case of consumers with higher levels of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and masculinity. The study also showed that male and educated consumers are more likely to harbor animosity toward a hostility-evoking country, while age and income had no control effect on animosity. Several implications for theory and practice are derived from the study findings, and directions for future research are provided