ホウカゴジドウクラブ ニ オケル オヤツ ト セイカツカツドウ ニ カンスル チヨウサ

We conducted a survey on the present conditions of after-school children clubs (Gakudohoiku), the method of providing snacks to younger schoolchildren during after-school care, the awareness toward feeding snacks among child care workers and guardians of admitted children, the interaction with other members in groups of different ages, and the children\u27s life activities in facilities for After School Care Program in Mieprefecture. The results were summarized as follows: (1) The female childcare workers made up roughly 90%; the childcare workers in their 40\u27s to 60\u27s made up around 80% of the total. (2) The child care mostly began "at two p.m." during weekdays, and "at eight a.m." on weekends, and mostly closed "at six p.m." through the week. (3) The most common expense budget for snack for a child per day at after-school children clubs was "between 50 yen and 100 yen", being the lowest "20yen" and the highest "200 yen and more". (4) "Children\u27s preferences" were the biggest elements taken into considerations, followed by "prices" in providing snacks at the after-school facilities. (5) The top food education programs at after-school children clubs were "Let\u27s Cook Together", "Good Manners at the Table", and "Growing Vegetables and Potatoes" (6) Among after-school care operators, parent\u27s associations accounted for about 30%, and local communities accounted for about 20%. Around 30% of after-school children clubs were operated inside school premises, while 70% were outside school premises. (7) Children in lower grades of primary school (aged 6 through 8) made up around 80% of children admitted in after-school children clubs, which corresponded to a national-level figure. (8) Child care workers encouraged significantly more interactions among multiage groups at medium or large-sized after-school children clubs than at small-sized ones. Comparing the ratio of low graders, children had significantly more opportunities for multi-age interaction at after-school children clubs with low ratio of low graders. (9) Boys and girls were almost equal in numbers at after-school children clubs. Around 90% of children joined the child care facilities in the first grade. As for visiting frequency, "five times a week" was the most common. With regard to reasons for visiting these facilities, "double income family" accounted for 80%. (10) As for frequency of snacks at home, "once" was most common during weekdays and weekends. (11) "Snack food", "chocolate confectionery" and "ice cream" are the most popular snacks given to children at home, which showed that parents were likely to provide snack of their children\u27s preferences. (12) Regarding snack time at home, "five to eight p.m." is most common on weekdays; "three to six p.m." was predominantly common on weekends. (13) As for appropriate budget for snack at home, "50 yen to 100 yen" for a child per day was most common. (14) Concerning life activities of those admitted in after school clubs, physical activities, such as "playground equipment", "soccer", "tag", and "jump rope" were most popular types of child\u27s play during weekdays

シン キユウシヨクジツシユウシツ ヲ シヨウ シタ キユウシヨク ジツシユウ ニ オケル エイセイ カンリ ノ ケントウ : タイリヨウ チヨウリ シセツ エイセイ カンリ マニユアル トノ ヒカク

In order to examine whether sufficient instruction was completed, hygiene supervision and accident prevention were compared with the manual by food service management practice in new food service management room. As a result, it became clear that the consciousness of a work area and the consciousness ofprevention of cross contamination were insufficient. Things important in order to raise the consciousness of zoning are classification by color of a zone or an instrument, and manual preparation. In addition, repair of a door, installation of curtain, cleaning of a ceiling, and extermination of a rat are required for hygiene supervision. Although it is impossible to carry all out as a manual, I think that we would like to strive to be able to study hygiene supervision equivalent to carrying out with the actual possible institution

RNA Editing Genes Associated with Extreme Old Age in Humans and with Lifespan in C. elegans

The strong familiality of living to extreme ages suggests that human longevity is genetically regulated. The majority of genes found thus far to be associated with longevity primarily function in lipoprotein metabolism and insulin/IGF-1 signaling. There are likely many more genetic modifiers of human longevity that remain to be discovered.Here, we first show that 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RNA editing genes ADARB1 and ADARB2 are associated with extreme old age in a U.S. based study of centenarians, the New England Centenarian Study. We describe replications of these findings in three independently conducted centenarian studies with different genetic backgrounds (Italian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Japanese) that collectively support an association of ADARB1 and ADARB2 with longevity. Some SNPs in ADARB2 replicate consistently in the four populations and suggest a strong effect that is independent of the different genetic backgrounds and environments. To evaluate the functional association of these genes with lifespan, we demonstrate that inactivation of their orthologues adr-1 and adr-2 in C. elegans reduces median survival by 50%. We further demonstrate that inactivation of the argonaute gene, rde-1, a critical regulator of RNA interference, completely restores lifespan to normal levels in the context of adr-1 and adr-2 loss of function.Our results suggest that RNA editors may be an important regulator of aging in humans and that, when evaluated in C. elegans, this pathway may interact with the RNA interference machinery to regulate lifespan

The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory

The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy universe via a suite of four instruments, covering a very wide energy range, from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. These instruments include a high-resolution, high-throughput spectrometer sensitive over 0.3-2 keV with high spectral resolution of Delta E < 7 eV, enabled by a micro-calorimeter array located in the focal plane of thin-foil X-ray optics; hard X-ray imaging spectrometers covering 5-80 keV, located in the focal plane of multilayer-coated, focusing hard X-ray mirrors; a wide-field imaging spectrometer sensitive over 0.4-12 keV, with an X-ray CCD camera in the focal plane of a soft X-ray telescope; and a non-focusing Compton-camera type soft gamma-ray detector, sensitive in the 40-600 keV band. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral resolution, will enable the pursuit of a wide variety of important science themes.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

Delphi Method Consensus-Based Identification of Primary Trauma Care Skills Required for General Surgeons in Japan

Purpose General surgeons at regional hospitals should have the primary trauma care skills necessary to treat critically ill trauma patients to withstand transfer. This study was conducted to identify a consensus on primary trauma care skills for general surgeons. Methods An initial list of acute care surgical skills was compiled, and revised by six trauma experts (acute care surgeons); 33 skills were nominated for inclusion in the Delphi consensus survey. Participants (councilors of the Japanese Society for Acute Care Surgery) were presented with the list of 33 trauma care skills and were asked (using web-based software) to rate how strongly they agreed or disagreed (using a 5-point Likert scale) with the necessity of each skill for a general surgeon. The reliability of consensus was predefined as Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.8, and trauma care skills were considered as primarily required when rated 4 (agree) or 5 (strongly agree) by ≥ 80% participants. Results There were 117 trauma care specialists contacted to participate in the Delphi consensus survey panel. In the 1st round, 85 specialists participated (response rate: 72.6%). In the 2nd round, 66 specialists participated (response rate: 77.6%). Consensus was achieved after two rounds, reliability using Cronbach’s α was 0.94, and 34 items were identified as primary trauma care skills needed by general surgeons. Conclusion A consensus-based list of trauma care skills required by general surgeons was developed. This list can facilitate the development of a new trauma training course which has been optimized for general surgeons

Fundamental physics activities with pulsed neutron at J-PARC(BL05)

"Neutron Optics and Physics (NOP/ BL05)" at MLF in J-PARC is a beamline for studies of fundamental physics. The beamline is divided into three branches so that different experiments can be performed in parallel. These beam branches are being used to develop a variety of new projects. We are developing an experimental project to measure the neutron lifetime with total uncertainty of 1 s (0.1%). The neutron lifetime is an important parameter in elementary particle and astrophysics. Thus far, the neutron lifetime has been measured by several groups; however, different values are obtained from different measurement methods. This experiment is using a method with different sources of systematic uncertainty than measurements conducted to date. We are also developing a source of pulsed ultra-cold neutrons (UCNs) produced from a Doppler shifter are available at the unpolarized beam branch. We are developing a time focusing device for UCNs, a so called "rebuncher", which can increase UCN density from a pulsed UCN source. At the low divergence beam branch, an experiment to search an unknown intermediate force with nanometer range is performed by measuring the angular dependence of neutron scattering by noble gases. Finally the beamline is also used for the research and development of optical elements and detectors. For example, a position sensitive neutron detector that uses emulsion to achieve sub-micrometer resolution is currently under development. We have succeeded in detecting cold and ultra-cold neutrons using the emulsion detector.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of International Conference on Neutron Optics (NOP2017

Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese x-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E  >  2  keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft x-rays to gamma rays. After a successful launch on February 17, 2016, the spacecraft lost its function on March 26, 2016, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the onboard instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Site-directed mutagenesis by biolistic transformation efficiently generates inheritable mutations in a targeted locus in soybean somatic embryos and transgene-free descendants in the T-1 generation

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 (Cas9) system is being rapidly developed for mutagenesis in higher plants. Ideally, foreign DNA introduced by this system is removed in the breeding of edible crops and vegetables. Here, we report an efficient generation of Cas9-free mutants lacking an allergenic gene, Gly m Bd 30K, using biolistic transformation and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Five transgenic embryo lines were selected on the basis of hygromycin resistance. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analysis detected only two different mutations in e all of the lines. These results indicate that mutations were induced in the target gene immediately after the delivery of the exogenous gene into the embryo cells. Soybean plantlets (T-0 plants) were regenerated from two of the transgenic embryo lines. The segregation pattern of the Cas9 gene in the T-1 generation, which included Cas9-free plants, revealed that a single copy number of transgene was integrated in both lines. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that no Gly m Bd 30K protein accumulated in the Cas9-free plants. Gene expression analysis indicated that nonsense mRNA decay might have occurred in mature mutant seeds. Due to the efficient induction of inheritable mutations and the low integrated transgene copy number in the T-0 plants, we could remove foreign DNA easily by genetic segregation in the T-1 generation. Our results demonstrate that biolistic transformation of soybean embryos is useful for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated site-directed mutagenesis of soybean for human consumption