Современные представления о супружеских конфликтах и супружеской дезадаптации

Рассмотрены современные данные о семейных конфликтах и связанной с ними супружеской дезадаптации. Сделан вывод о необходимости дальнейшей разработки этой проблемы.Modern data about family conflicts and the associated spouse deadaptation are discussed. The author concludes about the necessity of further investigation of the issue

Die Erfassung der betrieblichen Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Forschungsbericht zum Projekt "Indikatorenentwicklung Berufliche Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung"

Im Rahmen des Projekts „Indikatoren Berufliche Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung“ (iBBnE) wurden Indikatoren ermittelt, mit denen der Umsetzungsstand von beruflicher Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BBNE) erfasst werden kann. Die Indikatoren sollen auch dazu dienen, den Stand der deutschen Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie im Bereich der beruflichen Bildung zu dokumentieren und die Zielerreichung im nationalen Aktionsplan sichtbar zu machen. Der vorliegende Bericht enthält die Projektergebnisse und geht außerdem auf den Projekthintergrund ein. Gegenstand ist neben den Zielen von iBBnE und den eingesetzten Methoden auch ein Kapitel zur Frage, welche Projektmaßnahmen sich besonders bewährt haben. Nutzen und Verwertbarkeit der Ergebnisse werden kritisch bewertet, bevor die Autor*innen einen Blick auf die erforderlichen Anknüpfungsschritte werfen. (DIPF/Orig.

Patterns of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor prescriptions for different indications: A population-based study

Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are widely prescribed. While ACEIs are usually initiated for lifelong treatment, many patients stop or switch treatment. Exploration of such patterns is important because the discontinuation of these drugs is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to study usage patterns for different indications of ACEIs. Methods: We defined a cohort of patients older than 45 years who started ACEI treatment between 2007 and 2013 in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Indications for ACEI treatment (hypertension (HTN), heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), renal failure (RF), or combinations of them (COT)) were retrieved from the medical records, and duration of ACEI treatment was calculated. We distinguished between continuous use, discontinued use, switch to an alternative drug, and restart, considering 6 months time interval between two prescription periods. Five-year persistence among the different indications was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and times to discontinuation were compared using the log-rank test. Results: In total, 222058 patients initiating ACEIs were identified with the following indications: HTN (68.2%), MI (5.1%), RF (4.4%), HF (1.9%), and COT (20.4%). Five-year persistence rates were 62.4% for HF, 58% for HTN, 70.1% for MI, 45.5% for RF, and 55% for COT. Time to discontinuation was significantly different between indications (log-rank p-valu

Association of polymorphisms in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene with fracture risk and bone mineral density

Summary: Signaling through the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) on the osteoblast influences bone remodeling in rodents. In the B2AR gene, three polymorphisms influence receptor function. We show that these polymorphisms are not associated with fracture risk or bone mineral density in the UCP, Rotterdam Study, and GEFOS cohorts. Introduction: Signaling through the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) on the osteoblast influences bone remodeling in rodents. In the B2AR gene, three polymorphisms are known to influence receptor function in vitro and in vivo (rs1042713, rs1042714, and rs1800888). We examined the role of these polymorphisms in the B2AR gene on human bone metabolism. Methods: We performed nested case–control studies to determine the association of these polymorphisms with fracture risk in the Utrecht Cardiovascular Pharmacogenetics (UCP) cohort and in three cohorts of the Rotterdam Study. We also determined the association of these polymorphisms with bone mineral density (BMD) in the GEFOS Consortium. UCP contains drug-dispensing histories from community pharmacies linked to national registrations of hospital discharges in the Netherlands. The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study investigating demographics and risk factors of chronic diseases. GEFOS is a large international collaboration studying the genetics of osteoporosis. Fractures were defined by ICD-9 codes 800–829 in the UCP cohort (158 cases and 2617 unmatched controls) and by regular X-ray examinations, general practitioner, and hospital records in the Rotterdam Study (2209 cases and 8559 unmatched controls). BMD was measured at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in GEFOS (N = 32,961). Results: Meta-analysis of the two nested case–control studies showed pooled odds ratios of 0.98 (0.91–1.05, p = 0.52), 1.04 (0.97–1.12, p = 0.28), and 1.16 (0.83–1.62, p = 0.38) for the associations betwee

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Разработка дизайна оболочки велотренажера для людей с ограниченными физическими возможностями

Объектом исследования является велотренажер для людей с ограниченными физическими возможностями. Цель работы – проектирование оболочки велотренажера для людей с ограниченными физическими возможностями. В процессе проектирования проводилась разработка вариантов дизайнерских решений оболочки корпуса. В результате проектирования была разработана велотренажера для людей с ограниченными физическими возможностями.The object of the study is an exercise bike for people with disabilities. The aim of the work is to design the shell of an exercise bike for people with disabilities. In the design process, the development of variants of the design solutions of the hull shell was carried out. As a result of the design, an exercise bike was developed for people with disabilities

Gestaltung nachhaltiger Lernorte in der Berufsbildung in Europa. Denkanstoß des Forschungsinstituts Betriebliche Bildung (f-bb) für die Umsetzung des europäischen Grünen Deals und einer sozial-ökologischen Transformation

Mit dem Europäischen Grünen Deal möchte die EU-Kommission Maßnahmen auf den Weg bringen, um den Klimawandel zu bekämpfen. Ziel ist eine ökologische Modernisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Berufliche Bildung ist dabei von entscheidender Bedeutung, da sie es Bürgerinnen und Bürgern ermöglicht, die für diesen Übergang erforderlichen beruflichen Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten zu erwerben. Mit Blick auf Deutschland und andere Länder mit einer dualen Berufsausbildung spielen vor allem Betriebe eine zentrale Rolle als Lernort. Wie Betriebe zu nachhaltigen Lernorten werden und wie die Politik diesen Prozess gestalten und fördern kann, dazu soll das Working Paper einen Anstoß geben. Eingeflossen sind Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus verschiedenen Forschungs- und Gestaltungsprojekten des f-bb. Darin wird erstens aufgezeigt, welche Gestaltungsbereiche und Handlungsfelder es zur Etablierung von Nachhaltigkeit in der betrieblichen Aus- und Weiterbildung gibt und welche Möglichkeiten Betriebe haben, sich diesem Thema zu nähern. Zweitens wird angeregt, Ausbildungs- und Lehrpläne weiter anzupassen und das Bildungspersonal – also Ausbilderinnen und Ausbilder sowie ausbildende Fachkräfte – in diesen Fragen zu qualifizieren. Drittens wird vorgeschlagen, den Prozess indikatorengestützt zu steuern und gezielt Anreize zu schaffen. (DIPF/Orig.