The Lord Selkirk neighbourhood

32 leaves : maps

Immigrants and Refugees in the Housing Markets of Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, 2011

New data based on a linkage between the Immigrant Landing File and the 2011 National Household Survey are used to build a picture of immigrants and refugees in the housing markets of Canada’s three largest metropolitan areas. While most newcomers find it a challenge to secure affordable and adequate housing, Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver have attracted different immigrant populations who are presented with distinct economic conditions and housing markets. As a result, there are some common patterns in housing consumption among immigrants across the three cities, but there are quite profound differences as well. The situation is particularly variegated when we examine the outcomes for specific immigrant admission categories and visible minority groups. In general, immigrants reach high levels of home ownership, especially in Toronto and Vancouver, and probably have a significant impact on the housing markets of the two cities. But there are also many who cannot find a comfortable foothold in the housing market. The experiences of refugees in the three cities are highlighted, and we find that, in the long term, refugees approach the total population in terms of home ownership levels and, also, the ratio of individuals under financial stress in the housing market. This rather positive story has only become apparent because of our access to new data, and suggests that we should reconsider the commonplace understanding of refugees as representing a long-term burden on Canadian society

Refugee trajectories, imaginaries, and realities: Refugee housing in Canadian cities

The literature on refugee trajectories in Canada suggests that over time, and despite considerable hardship during the early years of resettlement, those who enter Canada as refugees eventually attain income and housing outcomes similar to other immigrants and to their Canadian-born counterparts. These positive achievements are partially described by the concept of an immigrant effect whereby immigrants to Canada are much more likely to purchase a home than their Canadian-born counterparts given their average financial circumstances. This paper seeks to deepen our collective understanding of the integration of refugees in the Canadian housing and labour market by presenting data from the 2016 census paired with findings from a qualitative case study exploring the initial years of settlement for one group of refugees. We argue that despite considerable hardship and barriers to housing and employment, refugee families exercise constrained forms of agency which helps explain their positive trajectories in the labour and housing market over the long term. This paper contributes to the literature on refugee integration by presenting data from Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, as well as the additional cities of Ottawa, Edmonton and Calgary. This is an important addition as less is known about the outcomes of newcomers to these cities. Drawing our on our qualitative data, we also contribute to the literature by examining the specific strategies that refugee families employ to grow their social capital and share resources within households.La littérature sur les trajectoires des réfugiés au Canada suggère qu’au fil du temps, et malgré des difficultés considérables au cours des premières années de relocalisation, ceux qui entrent au Canada en tant que réfugiés finissent par atteindre des revenus et vivre dans des logements similaires à ceux des autres immigrants et de leurs homologues nés au Canada. Ces trajectoires positives sont partiellement décrites par le concept d’un effet immigrant selon lequel les immigrants au Canada sont beaucoup plus susceptibles d’acheter une maison que leurs homologues nés au Canada compte tenu de leur situation financière moyenne. Cet article vise à approfondir notre compréhension des trajectoires des réfugiés concernant le marché immobilier et du travail au Canada en présentant les données du recensement de 2016 jumelées aux résultats d’une étude de cas qualitative explorant les premières années d’établissement d’un groupe de réfugiés. Nous soutenons qu’en dépit de difficultés considérables et d’obstacles au logement et à l’emploi, les familles de réfugiés exercent des formes d’agence contraintes qui contribuent à expliquer leurs trajectoires positives sur le marché immobilier et du travail à long terme. Cet article contribue à la littérature sur les trajectoires des réfugiés en présentant des données de Montréal, Toronto et Vancouver, ainsi que des villes additionnelles telles qu’Ottawa, Edmonton et Calgary. Il s’agit d’un ajout important car on en sait moins sur les résultats des nouveaux arrivants dans ces villes. En nous appuyant sur nos données qualitatives, nous contribuons également à la littérature en examinant les stratégies spécifiques que les familles de réfugiés emploient pour développer leur capital social et partager les ressources au sein des ménages ; heures supplémentaires, expérience positive d’une trajectoire positive vis-à-vis le logement et le revenu

Landing at Home: Insights on Immigration and Metropolitan Housing Markets from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada

This paper examines the housing conditions, needs and trajectories of recent new- comers to Canada, by focusing on the first few months of their adjustment process. Until now, most research in this field has been unable to provide a comprehensive description of this early stage of settlement. Employing individual survey data from the first wave of Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC), we draw a portrait of immigrant and refugee residential out- comes as observed six months after arrival. In particular, we highlight five novel insights, centered around the rapidity with which newcomers in general enter the housing market, but also around the appreciable variability of outcomes in tenure status, class of entry, metropolitan area of settlement, and assessment by newcom- ers of their situation in the housing market. We conclude with a discussion of the significance of these variegated findings for the settlement experience of recently arrived immigrants and refugees and, more broadly, for social policy in the areas of housing and newcomer integration

On the Outside Looking In: The Precarious Housing Situations of Successful Refugee Claimants in the GVRD

Access to affordable and adequate housing is a key step in the successful integration of newcomers. While some immigrants are able to transition into home ownership quite rapidly, other newcomers are finding it increasing difficult to access basic shelter. There is little systematic knowledge about the extent of homelessness among immigrants and refugees in Greater Vancouver. This paper details the findings of a 2005 study entitled The Profile of Absolute and Relative Homelessness among Immigrants, Refugees, and Refugee Claimants in the GVRD. We highlight the extent to which some newcomers are increasingly at risk of “hidden homelessness,” a term that describes precarious and unstable housing experiences. This paper also details the unique housing experiences of refugee claimants. Given their temporary legal status, claimants often face the most tenuous experiences in the housing market. Their experiences are often marked by poor residential conditions, crowding, and high rent-to-income ratios.L’accès à un logement abordable et adéquat est une étape importante dans l’intégration réussie des nouveaux arrivants. Bien que quelques immigrants parviennent à devenir propriétaire de leur logement assez rapidement, d’autres nouveaux arrivants éprouvent des difficultés croissantes pour accéder à un abri de base. Il existe peu d’information systématique sur l’étendue du phénomène des sans-abris parmi les immigrants et les réfugiés dans le Grand Vancouver. Ce document met en exergue les résultats d’une étude entreprise en 2005 et intitulée The Profile of Absolute and Relative Homelessness Among Immigrants, Refugees, and Refugee Claimants in the GVRD (“Le profil des sans-abris absolus et relatifs parmi des immigrants, les réfugiés, et les demandeurs du statut de réfugiés dans le DRGV”). Nous soulignons la mesure dans laquelle certains nouveaux arrivants sont de plus en plus à risque du sans-abrisme caché, un terme qui décrit des expériences de logement précaire et instable. Ce document détaille également les expériences uniques en matière de logement des demandeurs du statut de réfugié. Étant donné leur statut juridique provisoire, les demandeurs font face souvent à des expériences des plus ardues sur le marché du logement. Leurs expériences sont souvent caractérisées par des conditions de logement précaires, l’encombrement et des loyers élevés par rapport aux revenus

Assimilation, Cultural Pluralism and Social Exclusion Among Ethno-Cultural Groups

Abstract: In this paper we use custom tabulations from the 1991 Census for Greater Vancouver to compare the settlement experience of immigrants with ethnic origins in Europe (the 'traditional' stream) and outside Europe (the 'non-traditional' stream). In particular we analyze the extent to which assimilation or cultural pluralism best describe the differential experience of the two groups. Assimilation is measured according to the degree to which either group moves toward the characteristics of the native-born population, while cultural pluralism is assessed from profiles of residential concentration, employment segmentation, mother-tongue retention and ethnic in-marriage. To add a dynamic component, traditional and non-traditional ethnicities are divided into three cohorts according to their length of residence in Canada. We also assess the extent to which assimilation or cultural pluralism is associated with social exclusion, that is, marginalization in terms of economic and educational achievement. Many trends emerge from the complex inter-correlations between these sets of variables. In general we find that assimilation best describes the experience of both groupings, though it is much slower for non-European immigrants and ethnicities, where cultural pluralism survives appreciably beyond the first generation. Cultural pluralism is associated with economic marginality for both groups in their first decade in Canada, though more profoundly for non-European immigrants in terms of personal income. However, labour power is substituted for human capital and household incomes among non-traditional ethnicities exceed those of European-origin groups after a decade of residence. In contrast there is some evidence that for the European-origin native-born, some ethnic separation remains and is associated with economic privilege. In general with length of residence, the relationship between variables becomes more ordered, and education emerges as a structuring effect in shaping economic outcomes. In the early years of immigration, in contrast, education has very little predictive power in terms of economic achievement

UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

Abstract In this paper we advocate the study of local street markets to explore fundamental issues about the relationship between economy and society. This relationship evolves over time and we believe that it has been recast in an age of increasing cultural diversity and neoliberal state regulatory structures. In street markets we can see how diversity and the nature of economic transactions become mutually constitutive. We argue that cultural diversity propels local markets, while everyday interactions in markets influence intercultural relationships. These complex processes are affected by the spatiality of markets and the regulatory environments within which they operate. We conclude by framing a research program on street markets and discuss a number of methodological complications that would need to be addressed in this endeavour

Dorsal striatum does not mediate feedback-based, stimulus-response learning: An event-related fMRI study in patients with Parkinson\u27s disease tested on and off dopaminergic therapy

© 2018 Learning associations between stimuli and responses is essential to everyday life. Dorsal striatum (DS) has long been implicated in stimulus-response learning, though recent results challenge this contention. We have proposed that discrepant findings arise because stimulus-response learning methodology generally confounds learning and response selection processes. In 19 patients with Parkinson\u27s disease (PD) and 18 age-matched controls, we found that dopaminergic therapy decreased the efficiency of stimulus-response learning, with corresponding attenuation of ventral striatum (VS) activation. In contrast, exogenous dopamine improved response selection accuracy related to enhanced DS BOLD signal. Contrasts between PD patients and controls fully support these within-subject patterns. These double dissociations in terms of behaviour and neural activity related to VS and DS in PD and in response to dopaminergic therapy, strongly refute the view that DS mediates stimulus-response learning through feedback. Our findings integrate with a growing literature favouring a role for DS in decision making rather than learning, and unite two literature that have been evolving independently

Transformation through Integration: The Renaissance Knowledge Network (ReKN) and a Next Wave of Scholarly Publication

This article reflects on the first six months of funded research by the Renaissance Knowledge Network (ReKN), focusing especially on the possibilities for interoperability and metadata aggregation of diverse digital projects, including but not limited to Early English Books Online—Text Creation Partnership; the Iter Bibliography; the Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory; the Advanced Research Consortium network; Editing Modernism in Canada; the INKE working groups; and several other, smaller projects. is article also considers how internetworked resources and a holistic scholarly environment should incorporate and build on existing publication and markup tools. Key to this process of facilitating new forms of scholarly production are including possibilities for middle-state publication; exporting both primary and critical content; and forming new types of technologically facilitated scholarly communities

Karma, morality, and evil

The doctrine of karma has been praised as a rational and morally edifying explanatory response to the existence of evil and apparent injustice in the world. Critics have attacked it as a morally misguided dogma that distorts one's vision of reality. This essay, after outlining the traditional doctrine, examines three criticisms that have been central to recent debates: firstly, that the doctrine offers no practical guidance; second, that it faces a dilemma between free will and fatalism; and third, that it involves a morally repugnant form of blaming victims for their own misfortunes. Possible responses are considered, the depth of the disagreement is highlighted, and a morally significant difference between alternative ways of articulating the belief in karma is analyzed