An integrated associative processing system

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-105).by Frederick Paul Herrmann.Ph.D

Setting our sights on infectious diseases

In May 2019, the Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research (WCAIR) at the University of Dundee, UK, held an international conference with the aim of discussing some key questions around discovering new medicines for infectious diseases and a particular focus on diseases affecting Low and Middle Income Countries. There is an urgent need for new drugs to treat most infectious diseases. We were keen to see if there were lessons that we could learn across different disease areas and between the preclinical and clinical phases with the aim of exploring how we can improve and speed up the drug discovery, translational, and clinical development processes. We started with an introductory session on the current situation and then worked backward from clinical development to combination therapy, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies, drug discovery pathways, and new starting points and targets. This Viewpoint aims to capture some of the learnings

Lawson criterion for ignition exceeded in an inertial fusion experiment

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease.

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Custom Integrated Circuits

Contains table of contents for Part III, table of contents for Section 1 and reports on ten research projects.IBM CorporationNational Science FoundationNational Science Foundation/Advanced Research Projects Agency Grant MIP 91-17724Advanced Research Projects Agency/U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Contract N00014-94-1-0985U.S. Navy Contract N00174-93-C-0035Analog Devices, Inc.Federal Bureau of Investigation Contract J-FBI-92-196Advanced Research Projects Agency/Consortium for Superconducting Electronics Contract MDA972-90-C-0021National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate FellowshipDigital Equipment CorporationSemiconductor Research Corporation Contract SRC 93-SJ-360U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Contract N00014-91-J-1698National Science Foundation/Advanced Research Projects Agency Grant MIP 91-17724Semiconductor Research Corporation Contract SRC 93-SJ-558Advanced Research Projects Agency/U.S. Army Intelligence Center Contract DABT63-94-C-0053National Science Foundation Young Investigator AwardMitsubishi Corporation Fellowship MIP 92-5837

Custom Integrated Circuits

Contains table of contents for Part III, table of contents for Section 1 and reports on nine research projects.Analog DevicesIBM CorporationNational Science Foundation/Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Grant MIP 88-14612U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1698National Science Foundation PYI MIP 88-58764U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Contract N00014-87-K-0825Digital Equipment CorporationFederal Bureau of InvestigationIBM Corporation Grant/Fellowshi

Custom Integrated Circuits

Contains table of contents for Part III, table of contents for Section 1 and reports on ten research projects.IBM CorporationNational Science FoundationNational Science Foundation Grant MIP 91-17724Advanced Research Projects Agency/National Science Foundation Grant MIP 91-17724U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1698National Science Foundation Fellowship MIP 88-58764U.S. Navy Contract N00174-92-Q-0133Federal Bureau of Investigation Contract J-FBI-92-196Advanced Research Projects Agency/Consortium for Superconducting Electronics Contract MDA972-90-C-0021National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate FellowshipDigital Equipment CorporationSemiconductor Research Corporation Contract SRC 93-SJ-360Advanced Research Projects Agency/U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1698National Science Foundation Fellowship MIP 92-5837