Detección de protozoarios parásitos en aves residentes y migratorias de los manglares y zonas boscosas de Punta Galeta - Colón, Panamá

Con el objetivo de determinar la presencia y prevalencia de parásitos sanguíneos en aves residentes y migratorias de los manglares y zonas boscosas de Punta Galeta, Provincia de Colón, se colecte un total de 456 frotis de sangre extraídas de unos 231 individuos de aves, comprendidos en 49 especies, dentro de 17 familias y 5 Ordenes. De las cuales, 37 eran especies residentes (que crían en Panamá) y 12 especies migratorias (que crían en Norteamérica). Con un total de 26 frotis u 11.26% de las muestras positivas para alga tipo de parásito sanguíneo, se determinó que el más común de estos parásitos encontrados era el Plasmodium (6.06%), seguido de Haemoproteus (3.03%), Leucocytozoon (1.30%). Trypanosomas (0.87%). Además reportamos la presencia de microfilarias pertenecientes a los helmintos con (0.43%) de prevalencia. Mediante una prueba de ANOVA DBA, se determinó que existe diferencia significativa en la cantidad de parásitos por género, la prueba de comparación de media t de Student muestra que Plasmodium es el parásito que se encuentra en mayor proporción, mientras que las Microfilarias se encuentran en menor cantidad. De igual manera se determinó que existe diferencia significativa entre las estaciones del año y el tipo de bosque, el estadístico muestra que durante la estación seca en el bosque tropical hubo mayor número de parásitos, pero en la misma estación en bosque de manglar no se encontró una gran cantidad de parásitos.Se determinó que no hay diferencias significativas entre el peso de las aves parasitadas y no parasitadas de forma general para este estudio, utilizando la Prueba de Mann-Whitney. Entre las aves silvestres capturadas, las Familias Tyrannidae, Parulidae y Thamnophilidae fueron las más frecuentes. Del total de aves capturadas, el 24.49% fueron migratorias neotropicales, de estas, Parkesia noveboracensis fue la especie más abundante o con mayor captura en las redes (9.09%), y que solo registro un 7.69% de presencia de parásitos en sangre. Este estudio brinda información actualizada de la situación de los parásitos encontrados en las aves de Punta Galeta. No hay estudios previos en esta área del país y los únicos reportes para Panamá datan de hace 45 años

RIQUEZA DE PALOMAS Y TÓRTOLAS (COLUMBIDAE) EN EL CENTRO REGIONAL UNIVERSITARIO DE COLÓN

A monitoring of resident birds during the rainy season 2016 recorded the presence of Columba livia, Patagioenas cayennensis, Columbina talpacoti and Leptotila verreauxi in fragments of vegetation of Colón University Regional Center. Transect and counting point techniques used to record the presence and abundance of the taxon; this finding makes it possible to update data on columbides in urban forests. Therefore, the idea of establishing strategies for the conservation of shrubby fragments reinforced. The results strengthen the strategies for the conservation of urban forests in the Regional Center.Un monitoreo de aves residentes durante la época lluviosa 2016 documenta la presencia de Columba livia, Patagioenas cayennensis, Columbina talpacoti y Leptotila verreauxi en fragmentos de vegetación del Centro Regional Universitario de Colón. Se utilizaron las técnicas de transectos y punto de conteo para registrar la presencia y abundancia del taxón. Este hallazgo permite actualizar datos sobre columbidos en bosque urbano. Por lo que se refuerza la idea de establecer estrategias para la conservación de fragmentos arbustivos del Centro Regional

REPORTES FOTOGRÁFICOS DEL MOSQUERO BERMELLÓN (Pyrocephalus rubinus) EN PANAMÁ

We present photographic records of the Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) in Panama. A female bird was recorded on March 29, 2019 in the Sinai Community, Membrillo River, Embera and Wounaan Comarca, Darien province (8° 36' 51.2" N; 77° 49' 50.4" W).  A male bird was recorded on May 28, 2020 in the gardens of the Comisión Panamá – Estados Unidos para la Erradicación y Prevención del Gusano Barrenador del Ganado (COPEG) with coordinates (09° 05' 16.7” N; 79° 17' 10.8” O), in the county of Pacora, Panama City. These reports aim to contribute in updating records of this species for the country, since their observations are rare, with 12 records documented so far and also contribute to understanding migration patterns of the species.Presentamos dos registros fotográficos del Mosquero Bermellón (Pyrocephalus rubinus) en Panamá. Una hembra fue registrada el 29 de marzo de 2019 en la Comunidad de Sinaí, Río Membrillo, Comarca Emberá y Wounaan, provincia de Darién (8° 36' 51.2" N; 77° 49' 50.4" O) y un macho, el 28 de mayo de 2020 en los jardines de la Comisión Panamá – Estados Unidos para la Erradicación y Prevención del Gusano Barrenador del Ganado (COPEG) con coordenadas (09°05’16.7” N; 79°17’10.8” O), en el corregimiento de Pacora, Ciudad de Panamá. Estos reportes contribuyen a actualizar los registros de esta especie para el país, ya que sus observaciones son poco comunes, con 12 registros documentados hasta el momento, además contribuye a comprender patrones de migración de la especie

FOUR REPORTS OF PREDATION OF Quiscalus mexicanus (PASSERIFORMES: ICTERIDAE) IN PANAMA CITY.

We report the predation of two species of rodents of the Muridae family (Rattus norvergicus and Mus musculus), one specimen of Columbina talpacoti (Aves: Columbiforme) and a crustacean Leptuca sp by females of Quiscalus mexicanus in Panama. One observation was made in 2008, and four in 2020 in Panama City. This report seeks to promote research on the changes that Q. mexicanus makes in its diet depending on the availability of nutritional resources and thus expand the knowledge about its food sources.Reportamos la depredación de dos especies de roedores de la familia Muridae (Rattus norvergicus y Mus musculus), un especimen de Columbina talpacoti (Aves: Columbiformes) y un crustáceo Leptuca sp   por hembras de Quiscalus mexicanus en Panamá. Una observación fue hecha en 2008, y cuatro en 2020 en la Ciudad de Panamá. Este reporte busca promover la investigación sobre los cambios que hace Q. mexicanus en su dieta dependiendo de la disponibilidad de recursos alimenticios y así expandir el conocimiento acerca de sus fuentes de alimento

Green metallic nanoparticles for cancer therapy: evaluation models and cancer applications

Metal-based nanoparticles are widely used to deliver bioactive molecules and drugs to improve cancer therapy. Several research works have highlighted the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by green chemistry, using biological entities to minimize the use of solvents and control their physicochemical and biological properties. Recent advances in evaluating the anticancer effect of green biogenic Au and Ag nanoparticles are mainly focused on the use of conventional 2D cell culture and in vivo murine models that allow determination of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration, a critical parameter to move forward clinical trials. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and the tumor microenvironment is not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more human-like evaluation models or to improve the existing ones for a better understanding of the molecular bases of cancer. This review provides recent advances in biosynthesized Au and Ag nanoparticles for seven of the most common and relevant cancers and their biological assessment. In addition, it provides a general idea of the in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models used for the anticancer evaluation of green biogenic metal-based nanoparticles.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::8 - Treball Decent i Creixement EconòmicObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::16 - Pau, Justícia i Institucions SòlidesObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::4 - Educació de QualitatPostprint (published version

Bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles against propagation of Clavibacter michiganensis infection in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

This study explored the use of silver nanoparticle as a bactericidal against the propagation of Clavibacter michiganensis onto tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). In Mexico, tomato production covers about 73% of the total vegetable production but it is affected by outbreak of bacteria canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies michiganensis (Cmm). Silver ions possess inhibitor properties, bactericides and high specter antimicrobials. In this study, 6 groups of culture were prepared using 6 different petri dishes where silver nanoparticles of varying concentrations (120, 84, 48, 24, 12 and 0 μg) were added. Furthermore, each group was observed for 20 min, 1, 2, 12 and 24 h. The optimum concentration is 84 μg, which shows an average of 2 Cmm colonies after 20 min. Further increase to 120 μg shows no significant change. However, the average colonies was observed for 48 μg after 1, 2, 12, and 24 h. The obtained results indicate that silver nanoparticles are a promising inhibitor, bactericide and high a specter antimicrobial for treatment or prevention of Cmm

Alineamiento de la producción científica a las prioridades de investigación en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú: Propuesta de fortalecimiento y descentralización de la investigación: Propuesta de fortalecimiento y descentralización de la investigación

Background: One of the impact indicators of priorities in health research-setting is the scientific production that refers to these priorities. EsSalud raised nine priority research topics (PRT) and 20 priority research questions (PRQ) for the 2017-2019 period. We assess the alignment to these research priorities in the scientific articles published during the 2017-2020 period by EsSalud, and we characterize those financed by this institution. Material and Methods: Analysis of the scientific articles registered in the EsSalud scientific production database for the period 2017-2020. We used a standardized methodology and in duplicate to evaluate the alignment of a scientific article to the PRT and PRQ 2017-2019 of EsSalud. The evaluation of the alignment to the PRQs is only carried out in original articles and congress summaries. We report alignment frequencies to each PRT and PRQ, and we report the frequency of alignment to at least one PRT according to the articles' characteristics. In addition, the characteristics of the articles financed by EsSalud were reported. Results: 170 out of 1283 articles were aligned to at least one PRT. Eight of the twenty PRQs went unanswered. Articles with authors who belong to or received funding from IETSI-EsSalud had the highest alignment rate. Finally, the highly cited articles financed by EsSalud were mainly observational studies, clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews. Conclusion: The articles published by EsSalud during 2017 to 2020 have low alignment with institutional research priorities. Furthermore, it is necessary a process of implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of research priorities in the institution.Introducción: Uno de los indicadores del impacto del establecimiento de prioridades en investigación en salud es la producción científica. EsSalud planteó nueve temas de investigación prioritarios (TIP) y 20 preguntas de investigación prioritarias (PIP) 2017-2019. Evaluamos el alineamiento a estas prioridades de investigación en los artículos científicos publicados con filiación de EsSalud durante 2017-2020, y caracterizamos aquellos financiados por esta institución. Material y Métodos: Análisis de los artículos científicos registrados en la base de datos de producción científica de EsSalud 2017-2020. Empleamos una metodología estandarizada y por duplicado para evaluar el alineamiento a los TIP y PIP 2017-2019 de EsSalud. La evaluación del alineamiento a las PIP sólo lo realizamos en artículos originales y resúmenes de congreso. Reportamos frecuencias de alineamiento a cada TIP y PIP, y frecuencia de alineamiento a por lo menos un TIP según características de los artículos. Además, se reportó las características de los artículos financiados por EsSalud. Resultados: Un total de 170 de 1283 artículos se alinearon a al menos un TIP. Ocho de las veinte PIP no fueron respondidas. Los artículos con autores que pertenecen o recibieron financiamiento del IETSI-EsSalud tuvieron la mayor tasa de alineación. Finalmente, los artículos financiados por EsSalud fueron principalmente estudios observacionales, guías de práctica clínica y revisiones sistemáticas. Conclusión: Los artículos científicos publicados con filiación de EsSalud durante el 2017 al 2020 tienen baja alineación con las prioridades de investigación de la institución. Por lo tanto, es necesario generar un proceso de gestión de implementación, seguimiento y evaluación de las prioridades de investigación en la institución

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe