Industrialización de la riqueza vegetal: oportunidades sociales y económicas

Las empresas enfrentan un importante desafío es esta economía globalizada, porque para sobrevivir tienen que ofrecer nuevos productos con valor agregado en los mercados internacionales. Para ello se requieren profesionales entrenados en las metodologías para el desarrollo de nuevos productos (DNP), y los egresados universitarios tienen que tener estas habilidades para que puedan contribuir a enfrentar esta situación. J unto con esto se requieren también productos innovadores de la mano con la conservación del medio ambiente y aprovechando al máximo los recursos disponibles, bien sea de la tierra o de transformación tecnológica. Con este proyecto se pretende abrir una ventana de oportunidad para que los alumnos del programa de Ingeniería de Procesos puedan adquirir el entrenamiento necesario para desempeñarse con éxito en el DNP. A demás, los empresarios del campo puedan obtener un valor agregado para sus productos como alternativa en tiempos de precios desfavorables.Companies face a major challenge is this globalized economy, because to survive they have to offer new products with added value in the international market. This requires professionals trained in the methodologies for the development of new products (DNP) and university graduates must have these skills so that they can contribute to deal with this situation. A long with this they also require innovations running by the side of conservation of the environment and the taking of full advantage of available resources, either from land or technological transformation. This project is to open a window of opportunity so that the Process Engineering students can acquire the knowledge needed to perform successfully in the DNP training. A lso field employers can get valueadded products as an alternative in times of unfavourable prices

StarHorse: A Bayesian tool for determining stellar masses, ages, distances, and extinctions for field stars

Understanding the formation and evolution of our Galaxy requires accurate distances, ages and chemistry for large populations of field stars. Here we present several updates to our spectro-photometric distance code, that can now also be used to estimate ages, masses, and extinctions for individual stars. Given a set of measured spectro-photometric parameters, we calculate the posterior probability distribution over a given grid of stellar evolutionary models, using flexible Galactic stellar-population priors. The code (called {\tt StarHorse}) can acommodate different observational datasets, prior options, partially missing data, and the inclusion of parallax information into the estimated probabilities. We validate the code using a variety of simulated stars as well as real stars with parameters determined from asteroseismology, eclipsing binaries, and isochrone fits to star clusters. Our main goal in this validation process is to test the applicability of the code to field stars with known {\it Gaia}-like parallaxes. The typical internal precision (obtained from realistic simulations of an APOGEE+Gaia-like sample) are $\simeq 8\%$ in distance, $\simeq 20\%$ in age,$\simeq 6\$ in mass, and $\simeq 0.04$ mag in $A_V$. The median external precision (derived from comparisons with earlier work for real stars) varies with the sample used, but lies in the range of $\simeq [0,2]\%$ for distances, $\simeq [12,31]\%$ for ages, $\simeq [4,12]\%$ for masses, and $\simeq 0.07$ mag for $A_V$. We provide StarHorse distances and extinctions for the APOGEE DR14, RAVE DR5, GES DR3 and GALAH DR1 catalogues.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, accepte

Efficacy of phage therapy in preclinical models of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens is an increasing clinical problem and alternative approaches to antibiotic chemotherapy are needed. One of these approaches is the use of lytic bacterial viruses known as phage therapy. We aimed to assess the efficacy of phage therapy in preclinical animal models of bacterial infection. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE/Ovid, Embase/Ovid, CINAHL/EbscoHOST, Web of Science/Wiley, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to Sept 30, 2021. Studies assessing phage efficacy in animal models were included. Only studies that assessed the efficacy of phage therapy in treating established bacterial infections in terms of survival and bacterial abundance or density were included. Studies reporting only in-vitro or ex-vivo results and those with incomplete information were excluded. Risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation tool. The main endpoints were animal survival and tissue bacterial burden, which were reported using pooled odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences with random-effects models. The I2 measure and its 95% CI were also calculated. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022311309. FINDINGS Of the 5084 references screened, 124 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Risk of bias was high for 70 (56%) of the 124 included studies; therefore, only studies classified as having a low-to-moderate risk of bias were considered for quantitative data synthesis (n=32). Phage therapy was associated with significantly improved survival at 24 h in systemic infection models (OR 0·08 [95% CI 0·03 to 0·20]; I2=55% [95% CI 8 to 77]), skin infection (OR 0·08 [0·04 to 0·19]; I2 = 0% [0 to 79]), and pneumonia models (OR 0·13 [0·06 to 0·31]; I2=0% [0 to 68]) when compared with placebo. Animals with skin infections (mean difference -2·66 [95% CI -3·17 to -2·16]; I2 = 95% [90 to 96]) and those with pneumonia (mean difference -3·35 [-6·00 to -0·69]; I2 = 99% [98 to 99]) treated with phage therapy had significantly lower tissue bacterial loads at 5 ± 2 days of follow-up compared with placebo. INTERPRETATION Phage therapy significantly improved animal survival and reduced organ bacterial loads compared with placebo in preclinical animal models. However, high heterogeneity was observed in some comparisons. More evidence is needed to identify the factors influencing phage therapy performance to improve future clinical application. FUNDING Swiss National Foundation and Swiss Heart Foundation

Apropiación/expropiación de territorialidades sociales. Análisis comparativo de procesos de erradicación/relocalización de fracciones sociales empobrecidas, en ciudades argentinas.

Las dinámicas de la intervención estatal es un tema intensamente trabajado y, en consecuencia, exige definir con claridad la posición que adoptamos. Las políticas públicas son el modo más visible de las formas que adopta la estatalidad y del modo como concibe y se relaciona con la ciudadanía. Ciertamente, las lógicas impuestas desde hace más de tres décadas han favorecido, con sus esquemas focalizados y meritocráticos, la nítida constitución de sectores sociales objeto de la atención estatal. Ello redunda en una representación cada vez más extendida de una sociedad en la que algunos sectores tienen y ejercen sus derechos, mientras otros sólo serían carentes y asistidos. Esta preocupante situación se ve claramente reforzada por los modos de intervención que los aparatos del Estado vienen desarrollando en materia de política urbana -en general- y en vivienda social -en particular- a través de programas sustentados en la construcción, material y simbólica, de verdaderas fronteras estigmatizantes. En este marco, el problema que propone esta investigación refiere a ¿qué relaciones sociales se ocultan, se construyen y destruyen tras la materialidad de los objetos que se producen y circulan por y con el acceso a una vivienda digna? Empíricamente, abordaremos el análisis sincrónico y diacrónico de los procesos de erradicación/relocalización de fracciones sociales empobrecidas y los programas de vivienda que los tendrían como destinatarios, beneficiarios, adjudicatarios -y no como sujetos de derecho- a través de estudios de caso, en distintas ciudades argentinas (Córdoba, Mar del Plata y Santa Fe). El interés central de dicho estudio, es visibilizar un conjunto de acciones con fuerte contenido biopolítico, pues se nos presentan como dispositivos que naturalizan y legitiman formas diferenciales de apropiación de la ciudad, y formas de violencia implícitas y explícitas. Así, será posible reflexionar y avanzar en la comprensión de ¿Cómo y qué sujetos se construyen con los dispositivos de y por la vivienda? ¿Cómo se interrelacionan? ¿Cómo se materializa y espacializa, en una política pública, la estigmatización de la pobreza? ¿Qué mecanismos de violencia operan tras la racionalidad técnica de los objetos

Apropiación/expropiación de territorialidades sociales. Análisis comparativo de procesos de erradicación/relocalización de fracciones sociales empobrecidas, en ciudades argentinas

Las dinámicas de la intervención estatal es un tema intensamente trabajado y, en consecuencia, exige definir con claridad la posición que adoptamos. Las políticas públicas son el modo más visible de las formas que adopta la estatalidad y del modo como concibe y se relaciona con la ciudadanía. Ciertamente, las lógicas impuestas desde hace más de tres décadas han favorecido, con sus esquemas focalizados y meritocráticos, la nítida constitución de sectores sociales objeto de la atención estatal. Ello redunda en una representación cada vez más extendida de una sociedad en la que algunos sectores tienen y ejercen sus derechos, mientras otros sólo serían carentes y asistidos. Esta preocupante situación se ve claramente reforzada por los modos de intervención que los aparatos del Estado vienen desarrollando en materia de política urbana -en general- y en vivienda social -en particular- a través de programas sustentados en la construcción, material y simbólica, de verdaderas fronteras estigmatizantes. En este marco, el problema que propone esta investigación refiere a ¿qué relaciones sociales se ocultan, se construyen y destruyen tras la materialidad de los objetos que se producen y circulan por y con el acceso a una vivienda digna? Empíricamente, abordaremos el análisis sincrónico y diacrónico de los procesos de erradicación/relocalización de fracciones sociales empobrecidas y los programas de vivienda que los tendrían como destinatarios, beneficiarios, adjudicatarios -y no como sujetos de derecho- a través de estudios de caso, en distintas ciudades argentinas (Córdoba, Mar del Plata y Santa Fe). El interés central de dicho estudio, es visibilizar un conjunto de acciones con fuerte contenido biopolítico, pues se nos presentan como dispositivos que naturalizan y legitiman formas diferenciales de apropiación de la ciudad, y formas de violencia implícitas y explícitas. Así, será posible reflexionar y avanzar en la comprensión de ¿Cómo y qué sujetos se construyen con los dispositivos de y por la vivienda? ¿Cómo se interrelacionan? ¿Cómo se materializa y espacializa, en una política pública, la estigmatización de la pobreza? ¿Qué mecanismos de violencia operan tras la racionalidad técnica de los objetos?Fil: Ciuffolini, María Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Avalle, Gerardo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; Argentin

Infectious Diseases, Social, Economic and Political Crises, Anthropogenic Disasters and Beyond: Venezuela 2019 – Implications for Public Health and Travel Medicine

During last months, there have been a significant increase in the evidences showing the catastrophic health situation in Venezuela. There are multiple epidemics, increase in emerging and reemerging infectious, tropical and parasitic diseases as consequences of the social, economic and political crises, which would be considered today a clearly anthropogenic disaster. Venezuela is facing in 2019, the worse sanitary conditions, with multiple implications for public health and travel medicine. So far, from a global perspective, this situation will be an impediment for the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDG) in 2030. In this multiauthor review, there is a comprehensive analysis of the situation for infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, their impact in the Americas region, given the migration crisis as well as the comparative status of the SDG 2030. This discussion can provide input for prioritizing emerging health problems and establish a future agenda

Infectious Diseases, Social, Economic and Political Crises, Anthropogenic Disasters and Beyond: Venezuela 2019 – Implications for Public Health and Travel Medicine

During last months, there have been a significant increase in the evidences showing the catastrophic health situation in Venezuela. There are multiple epidemics, increase in emerging and reemerging infectious, tropical and parasitic diseases as consequences of the social, economic and political crises, which would be considered today a clearly anthropogenic disaster. Venezuela is facing in 2019, the worse sanitary conditions, with multiple implications for public health and travel medicine. So far, from a global perspective, this situation will be an impediment for the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDG) in 2030. In this multiauthor review, there is a comprehensive analysis of the situation for infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, their impact in the Americas region, given the migration crisis as well as the comparative status of the SDG 2030. This discussion can provide input for prioritizing emerging health problems and establish a future agenda

CGIAR modeling approaches for resource-constrained scenarios: I. Accelerating crop breeding for a changing climate.

Crop improvement efforts aiming at increasing crop production (quantity, quality) and adapting to climate change have been subject of active research over the past years. But, the question remains 'to what extent can breeding gains be achieved under a changing climate, at a pace sufficient to usefully contribute to climate adaptation, mitigation and food security?'. Here, we address this question by critically reviewing how model-based approaches can be used to assist breeding activities, with particular focus on all CGIAR (formerly the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research but now known simply as CGIAR) breeding programs. Crop modeling can underpin breeding efforts in many different ways, including assessing genotypic adaptability and stability, characterizing and identifying target breeding environments, identifying tradeoffs among traits for such environments, and making predictions of the likely breeding value of the genotypes. Crop modeling science within the CGIAR has contributed to all of these. However, much progress remains to be done if modeling is to effectively contribute to more targeted and impactful breeding programs under changing climates. In a period in which CGIAR breeding programs are undergoing a major modernization process, crop modelers will need to be part of crop improvement teams, with a common understanding of breeding pipelines and model capabilities and limitations, and common data standards and protocols, to ensure they follow and deliver according to clearly defined breeding products. This will, in turn, enable more rapid and better-targeted crop modeling activities, thus directly contributing to accelerated and more impactful breeding efforts.Online Version of Record before inclusion in an issue

The Latin American experience of allografting patients with severe aplastic anaemia: real-world data on the impact of stem cell source and ATG administration in HLA-identical sibling transplants

We studied 298 patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) allografted in four Latin American countries. The source of cells was bone marrow (BM) in 94 patients and PBSCs in 204 patients. Engraftment failed in 8.1% of recipients with no difference between BM and PBSCs (P = 0.08). Incidence of acute GvHD (aGvHD) for BM and PBSCs was 30% vs 32% (P = 0.18), and for grades III–IV was 2.6% vs 11.6% (P = 0.01). Chronic GvHD (cGvHD) between BM and PBSCs was 37% vs 59% (P = 0.002) and extensive 5% vs 23.6% (P = 0.01). OS was 74% vs 76% for BM vs PBSCs (P = 0.95). Event-free survival was superior in patients conditioned with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)-based regimens compared with other regimens (79% vs 61%, P = 0.001) as excessive secondary graft failure was seen with other regimens (10% vs 26%, P = 0.005) respectively. In multivariate analysis, aGvHD II–IV (hazard ratio (HR) 2.50, confidence interval (CI) 1.1–5.6, P = 0.02) and aGvHD III–IV (HR 8.3 CI 3.4–20.2, Po0.001) proved to be independent negative predictors of survival. In conclusion, BM as a source of cells and ATG-based regimens should be standard because of higher GvHD incidence with PBSCs, although the latter combining with ATG in the conditioning regimen could be an option in selected high-risk patient