Educación multidisciplinaria en la prevención de obesidad en educandos de la Ciudad de México

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública, que afecta recientemente a la población de menor edad, impactando en la salud y desarrollo psico-social del infante, por lo que la educación temprana orientada a fomentar los hábitos saludables representa un eje central en su prevención y control. El presente trabajo es un ejercicio de análisis y reflexión sobre la eficiencia de los programas multidisciplinarios y preventivos para controlar la obesidad, basados en la educación como eje central. Se realizó una revisión y análisis de estudios que abordan el problema de la obesidad como fenómeno social, y de estudios que evalúan la aplicación de programas multidisciplinarios basados en la educación para incidir en acciones integrales de prevención de la obesidad. La prevalencia de obesidad no ha disminuido pese a las estrategias implementadas por las instancias de salud. Los programas multidisciplinarios de intervención cuyo tema central es la concientización de los educandos sobre cómo contribuye la nutrición y la actividad física en el cuidado de su salud, pueden ser un medio eficiente para prevenir y disminuir la obesidad infantil, cuando se integra la educación en el ámbito escolar y familiar. “La salud es un derecho y bien tutelar del infante”, que puede asegurarse a través de la implementación de programas de intervención multidisciplinar, sustentados en los cuidados primarios con participación de la familia y la escuela.//Obesity is a public health problem, which recently affects to childhood population, impacting the health and psycho-social development of the infant, so early education aimed at promoting healthy habits represents a central axis in its prevention and control. The present work is an exercise of analysis and reflection on the efficiency of multidisciplinary and preventive programs to control obesity, based on education as a central axis. A review and analysis of studies on obesity as a social phenomenon was carried out, and analysis of studies on the application of multidisciplinary programs based on education to influence integral actions for the prevention of obesity. The prevalence of obesity has not decreased despite the strategies implemented by the health authorities. The multidisciplinary intervention programs whose principal purpose is the awareness of the childhood about how nutrition and physical activity contributes to their health care, can be an efficient means to prevent and reduce the obesity, when education is integrated into the school and family environment. “Health is a right and well-being of the infant”, which can be ensured through the implementation of multidisciplinary intervention programs, based on primary care with the participation of the family and the school

Barreras para la integración de buenas prácticas con TIC. Estudio de caso.

This research analyzes the barriers or obstacles to the integration of ICT’s best educational practices in the second largest public university in Mexico: The University of Guadalajara. A case study was conducted at the University Center for Economic and Administrative Sciences (CUCEA). CUCEA is one of 15 centers that integrate the academic network of the University of Guadalajara. For this research, a closed questionnaire, type rubric, was designed with a five-point scale ranging from “not started” to “consolidated,” in order to identify the main obstacles, as perceived by the faculty, to the integration of ICT into existing educational practices. The questionnaire was divided into two parts: The first part explored the barriers attributed to the educational institution, and the second part explored the barriers attributed to teachers. The sample was representative and random, with a sample of 210 teachers out of a total of 460. The results identified as major obstacles: the lack of incentives to integrate ICT into teaching (382 points out of 1055), the lack of flexibility of the curriculum (483), and, finally, the lack of trust in distance education (583).Esta investigación analiza las barreras u obstáculos para la integración de las buenas prácticas educativas con TIC, en la segunda más grande universidad pública de México: La Universidad de Guadalajara. Se analiza el caso del Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas (CUCEA), el cual es uno de los 15 centros universitarios que integran la red universitaria de la UdeG. Para esta investigación fue diseñado un cuestionario cerrado, tipo rubrica, con una escala de 5 puntos que iba desde no se ha iniciado hasta consolidado, para poder identificar cuáles eran los principales obstáculos percibidos por los profesores para integrar las TIC en las prácticas educativas. El cuestionario estuvo dividido en dos partes, la primera exploraba las barreras atribuidas a la institución educativa, y la segunda, las barreras atribuidas a los profesores. El muestreo fue representativo y aleatorio, con una muestra de 210 profesores de un total de 460. Los resultados identificaron como los mayores obstáculos: La falta de incentivos para integrar las TIC en la enseñanza con 382 puntos de un total de 1055, la falta de flexibilidad curricular con 483 puntos, y por último, la falta de confianza en la educación a distancia con 583 puntos

Invaginación intestinal en adulto secundario a tumoración, reporte de un caso

Intussusception is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adults, representing between 1% and 5% of all causes of intestinal obstruction in this age group. Four anatomical variants are described a) entero-enteric, involving only the small intestine b) colo-colic, involving only the colon c) ileo-colic, when the terminal ileum prolapses in the ascending colon d) ileo-caecal, when the ileocecal valve is brought to the point of intussusception. Almost 90% of cases are secondary to different pathologies, such as carcinomas, polyps, Meckel's diverticulum, colonic diverticula, and adhesionsLa intususcepción es una causa rara de obstrucción intestinal en el adulto, representando entre el 1 % y el 5 % de todas las causas de obstrucción intestinal en este grupo etario. Se describen cuatro variantes anatómicas a) entero-entérica, involucrando únicamente intestino delgado, b) colo-cólica, involucrando solo colon, c) ileo-cólica, cuando el íleo terminal se prolapsa en el colon ascendente, d) ileo-cecal, cuando la válvula ileocecal es llevada al punto de intususcepción. Casi el 90 % de los casos son secundarios a diferentes patologías, como son carcinomas, pólipos, divertículo de Meckel, divertículos colónicos y adherencias

Prospectiva ambiental al 2030 en sistemas de producción de leche de vaca en México

The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental performance of cow milk production in small and medium scale systems in Mexico, through life cycle analysis with a cradle to farm gate approach, for the period 2021-2030. The established functional unit was 1 kg of milk corrected for fat and protein. The impact assessment was carried out with the OpenLCA 1.11.0 software, using the ReCiPe method, considering seven impact categories: agricultural land occupation (ALO), marine ecotoxicity (ME), human toxicity (HT), climate change (CC), fossil depletion (FD), soil acidification (SA), and water depletion (WD). Among the main results of the research, the production of cattle feed was identified as the chief contributor to environmental loads in most of the  categories with percentages above 71 %, while on-farm emissions contribute to the environmental loads for the CC (28 %), FD (26 %) and SA (59 %) categories. A comparison was made between pessimistic, base and optimistic scenarios for the years 2021 and 2030, which confirmed an improvement in environmental efficiency in the optimistic scenario, the increase in production volume represents a decrease of 6 % and 5 %, respectively, in the assessed impact categories.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desempeño ambiental de la producción de leche de vaca en sistema de pequeña y mediana escala en México, mediante análisis de ciclo de vida con un enfoque de la cuna a la puerta de la granja, para el periodo 2021-2030. Se estableció como unidad funcional 1 kg de leche corregida por grasa y proteína. La evaluación de impacto se realizó con el software OpenLCA 1.11.0, mediante el método ReCiPe, se consideraron siete categorías de impacto: ocupación de suelo agrícola (ALO), ecotoxicidad marina (ME), toxicidad humana (TH), cambio climático (CC), agotamiento fósil (FD), acidificación terrestre (TA) y agotamiento de agua (WD). Como principales resultados de la investigación se identificó que la producción de alimento para el ganado es el principal contribuyente a las cargas ambientales en la mayoría de las categorías con porcentajes superiores al 71 %, mientras que las emisiones generadas en la granja contribuyen a las cargas ambientales para las categorías CC (28 %), FD (26 %) y TA (59 %). Se realizó una comparación entre escenarios pesimista, base y optimista para los años 2021 y 2030, lo que confirmó una mejora en la eficiencia ambiental en el escenario optimista prospectado, el incremento en el volumen de producción representó una disminución del 6 % y 5 % respectivamente, en las categorías de impacto evaluadas

Heterosis y aptitud combinatoria para producción y calidad de forraje en seis poblaciones de maíz

Six corn populations drawn from outstanding forage quality germplasm, and 15 of their direct crosses were assessed in four sites located between 1,117 and 1,932 m asl. The purpose of the present study was to determine general and specific combining ability and mid parent heterosis for whole plant dry matter (TDM), ear dry matter (EDM), stover dry matter (SDM), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) and crude protein (CP). Populations showed significant differences for all dry matter yield characteristics, but not for forage quality, while crosses showed differences for EDM and IVDMD. General combining ability effects (GCA) were high and significant only for TDM, while specific combining ability effects (SCA) were significant for IVDMD. Population P3 had the highest GCA for TDM (0.66 t ha-1) and P5F for EDM (0.49 t ha-1). Early cross P1*P2 had the highest heterosis for TDM (17.6 %) and highly significant SCA effects for both TDM and IVDMD (1.48 t ha-1 and 22.6 g kg-1, respectively), while crosses P2*P5F, P1*P4 and P1*P6F had high mid parent heterosis for EDM, with values ranging from 18.6 % to 26.2 %. None of the crosses showed mid parent heterosis for forage traits of importance.Seis poblaciones de maíz derivadas de fuentes de germoplasma sobresalientes por sus cualidades forrajeras y sus 15 cruzas directas se evaluaron en cuatro localidades entre 1,117 y 1,932 m sobre el nivel del mar. El objetivo fue determinar la aptitud combinatoria general y específica, y la heterosis media para variables de producción: materia seca total (MST), de elote (MSEL) y de rastrojo (MSRAS) y variables de calidad del forraje: digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS), contenido de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y proteína cruda (PC). Las poblaciones difirieron significativamente en las tres variables de producción, pero no en calidad forrajera, en cambio las cruzas difirieron en producción de MSEL y en DIVMS. Los efectos de aptitud combinatoria general (ACG) fueron significativos sólo para MST y MSEL, mientras que los efectos de aptitud combinatoria específica (ACE), lo fueron adicionalmente para DIVMS. La población P3 tuvo la mayor ACG para MST (0.66 t ha-1), y la población P5F para MSEL (0.49 t ha-1). La cruza precoz P1xP2 presentó la heterosis media más alta para MST con 17.6 % y efectos positivos y significativos de ACE para MST y DIVMS con valores de 1.48 t ha-1 y 22.6 g kg-1. En cambio, las cruzas P2xP5F, P1xP4 y P1xP6F tuvieron los valores de heterosis más altos para MSEL con valores de 18.1 a 26.2 %. Ninguna cruza tuvo heterosis media importante para caracteres de calidad de forraje

Pesquisa de cáncer de mama por Mamografía. Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley. Enero 2010-2011

It was carried out a descriptive, prospective and analytic study to workers from the medical insurance vice-direction at Celia Sánchez Manduley hospital in the period from January 2010 to January 2011, with the intention to investigate breast cancer by mammography. The universe was constituted by 262 women and the sample by 248 patients of 40 years and older, applying the mammography to them, taking into consideration the following variables: age, risk factors, mammographic findings; benign and malignant lesions were differentiated as well. The results obtained showed that the risk of suffering from mammary lesions increases with age and precociously stop weaning was the most frequent factor and that the disease appears more frequently in women having risk factors, showing great association between the cause and the effect. The calcifications prevailed in post-menopausic women and the nodules in premenopausic ones; the age group with a greatest incidence was the one from 55 to 59 years, benign findings prevailed individually. Recommendations were made to promote breast cancer detection in the early stages.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y analítico a trabajadoras  de la vicedirección de aseguramientos médicos del hospital  Celia Sánchez Manduley en el periodo enero 2010 – enero 2011, con el propósito de  pesquisar cáncer de mama por mamografía. El universo estuvo constituido por 262 mujeres y la muestra por 248 pacientes de 40 y más años, a las cuales se les realizó mamografía tomando en consideración las siguientes variables: edad, factores de riesgos, hallazgos mamográficos; así como diferenciar lesiones benignas y malignas según signos radiológicos. Los resultados obtenidos arrojaron que el riesgo de padecer lesiones mamarias aumenta con la edad, que el destete precoz fue el factor de mayor causalidad y que la enfermedad se presentó con más frecuencia en mujeres  con factores de riesgos, existiendo fuerza de asociación entre la causa y el efecto. Predominaron las calcificaciones en mujeres postmenopáusicas y los nódulos en premenopáusicas; el grupo etáreo de mayor incidencia fue el de 55-59 años, prevalecieron individualmente hallazgos mamográficos de benignidad. Se realizan recomendaciones para promover la detección del cáncer de mama en etapas tempranas.

Cuerpo extraño inusual en recto como causa de obstrucción intestinal, Reporte de un caso.

The rectum, the penultimate portion of the large intestine, tends to be of special interest due to so-called anorectal emergencies, which are defined as “a wide variety of conditions that share common symptoms, such as anorectal pain or bleeding, which may require immediate management." These emergencies are considered a public health problem that result in a large economic expense, time, medications, days of working life and culmination of quality of life. The presence of a foreign body in the rectum constitutes a challenge for the surgeon. This pathology shows a wide predisposition for the male gender with a peak in its presentation between 20 and 40 years, being the main etiology of a sexual nature, which is why patients often tend to avoid seeking help for fear of being judged. We present the case of a 33-year-old man, with a history of chronic alcoholism, in the process of rehabilitation admitted to a clinic, where he was referred for presenting abdominal pain, vomiting on numerous occasions, and inability to evacuate for 3 days. , in addition to transanal bleeding in a mild to moderate amount, fetid, dark liquid, a simple and contrast-enhanced tomography is performed, showing the presence of impaction at the level of the rectal ampulla of apparent "bird bones", which is corroborated after directed questioning and rectal exploration with extraction of some pieces. He is admitted to the operating room where the foreign body is extracted under regional anesthesia and instrumentation, he is hospitalized and managed with laxatives, he is discharged after 4 days due to improvement.El recto, la penúltima porción del intestino grueso, tiende a ser de especial interés debido a las denominadas urgencias anorrectales, las cuales se definen como “una amplia variedad de enfermedades que comparten síntomas en común, como son dolor anorrectal o sangrado, las cuales pueden requerir de manejo inmediato”. Estas urgencias, son consideradas un problema de salud pública que derivan en un gran gasto económico, tiempo, medicamentos, días de vida laboral y afectan la calidad de vida. La presencia de un cuerpo extraño en el recto constituye un reto para el cirujano. Esta patología muestra una amplia predisposición por el género masculino con un pico en su presentación entre los 20 y 40 años, siendo la principal etiología de índole sexual por lo que muchas veces los pacientes tienden a evitar el buscar ayuda por miedo a ser juzgados. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 33 años de edad, con antecedente de alcoholismo crónico, en proceso de rehabilitación internado en una clínica, de donde es referido por presentar dolor abdminal, vòmito en numerosas ocasiones e incapacidad para evacuar de 3 días de evolución, además de sangrado transanal en cantidad leve a moderada, fétida, líquida oscura, se realiza tomografía simple y contrastada que muestra la presencia de impactación a nivel de ámpula rectal de aparentes ”huesos de pollo”, el cual se corrobora tras el interrogatorio dirigido y la exploración rectal con extracción de algunas piezas. Es ingresado a sala de quirófano donde se extrae bajo bloqueo regional y con instrumentación el cuerpo extraño, es hospitalizado y manejado con laxantes, se egresa a los 4 días por mejoría

A network perspective on the ecology of gut microbiota and progression of type 2 diabetes: Linkages to keystone taxa in a Mexican cohort

IntroductionThe human gut microbiota (GM) is a dynamic system which ecological interactions among the community members affect the host metabolism. Understanding the principles that rule the bidirectional communication between GM and its host, is one of the most valuable enterprise for uncovering how bacterial ecology influences the clinical variables in the host.MethodsHere, we used SparCC to infer association networks in 16S rRNA gene amplicon data from the GM of a cohort of Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in different stages: NG (normoglycemic), IFG (impaired fasting glucose), IGT (impaired glucose tolerance), IFG + IGT (impaired fasting glucose plus impaired glucose tolerance), T2D and T2D treated (T2D with a 5-year ongoing treatment).ResultsBy exploring the network topology from the different stages of T2D, we observed that, as the disease progress, the networks lose the association between bacteria. It suggests that the microbial community becomes highly sensitive to perturbations in individuals with T2D. With the purpose to identify those genera that guide this transition, we computationally found keystone taxa (driver nodes) and core genera for a Mexican T2D cohort. Altogether, we suggest a set of genera driving the progress of the T2D in a Mexican cohort, among them Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Alistipes, Anaerostipes, and Terrisporobacter.DiscussionBased on a network approach, this study suggests a set of genera that can serve as a potential biomarker to distinguish the distinct degree of advances in T2D for a Mexican cohort of patients. Beyond limiting our conclusion to one population, we present a computational pipeline to link ecological networks and clinical stages in T2D, and desirable aim to advance in the field of precision medicine

High incidence of clinical fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. A case-control study.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of clinical fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and analyze risk factors for fracture. Methods: Incidence of clinical fragility fractures in 330 postmenopausal women with RA was compared to that of a control population of 660 age-matched postmenopausal Spanish women. Clinical fractures during the previous five years were recorded. We analyzed associations with risk factors for fracture in both populations and with disease-related variables in RA patients. Results: Median age of RA patients was 64 years; median RA duration was eight years. Sixty-nine percent were in remission or on low activity. Eighty-five percent had received glucocorticoids (GCs); 85 %, methotrexate; and 40 %, ≥1 biologic DMARD. Fifty-four patients and 47 controls had ≥1 major osteoporotic fracture (MOF). Incidence of MOFs was 3.55 per 100 patient-year in patients and 0.72 in controls (HR: 2.6). Risk factors for MOFs in RA patients were age, previous fracture, parental hip fracture, years since menopause, BMD, erosions, disease activity and disability, and cumulative dose of GCs. Previous fracture in RA patients was a strong risk for MOFs (HR: 10.37). Conclusion: Of every 100 postmenopausal Spanish women with RA, 3-4 have a MOF per year. This is more than double that of the general population. A previous fracture poses a high risk for a new fracture. Other classic risk factors for fracture, RA disease activity and disability, and the cumulative dose of GCs are associated with fracture development

Early holocenic and historic mtDNA african signatures in the iberian peninsula: The andalusian region as a paradigm

Determining the timing, identity and direction of migrations in the Mediterranean Basin, the role of "migratory routes" in and among regions of Africa, Europe and Asia, and the effects of sex-specific behaviors of population movements have important implications for our understanding of the present human genetic diversity. A crucial component of the Mediterranean world is its westernmost region. Clear features of transcontinental ancient contacts between North African and Iberian populations surrounding the maritime region of Gibraltar Strait have been identified from archeological data. The attempt to discern origin and dates of migration between close geographically related regions has been a challenge in the field of uniparental-based population genetics. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies have been focused on surveying the H1, H3 and V lineages when trying to ascertain north-south migrations, and U6 and L in the opposite direction, assuming that those lineages are good proxies for the ancestry of each side of the Mediterranean. To this end, in the present work we have screened entire mtDNA sequences belonging to U6, M1 and L haplogroups in Andalusians--from Huelva and Granada provinces--and Moroccan Berbers. We present here pioneer data and interpretations on the role of NW Africa and the Iberian Peninsula regarding the time of origin, number of founders and expansion directions of these specific markers. The estimated entrance of the North African U6 lineages into Iberia at 10 ky correlates well with other L African clades, indicating that U6 and some L lineages moved together from Africa to Iberia in the Early Holocene. Still, founder analysis highlights that the high sharing of lineages between North Africa and Iberia results from a complex process continued through time, impairing simplistic interpretations. In particular, our work supports the existence of an ancient, frequently denied, bridge connecting the Maghreb and Andalusia.Financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Competitiveness through Research Project CGL2010-15191/BOS granted to RC and International Mobility Program Acciones Integradas Hispano-Portuguesas (PRI-AIBPT-2011-1004) granted to RC (Spain) and LP (Portugal) (http://www.mineco.gob.es/portal/site/mineco/idi). The E.C. Sixth Framework Programme under Contract n° ERAS-CT-2003-980409 (EUROCORES project of the European Science Foundation) also provided financial support to JMD for North African population research. CLH has a predoctoral fellowship granted by Complutense University. PS is supported by FCT Investigator Programme (IF/01641/2013). IPATIMUP (https://www.ipatimup.pt/) integrates the Instituto the Investigação em Saúde (i3S) Research Unit, which is partially supported by FCT, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. IPATIMUP is funded by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors - COMPETE and National Funds through the FCT - under the project PEst-C/SAU/LA0003/2013. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript