Perdurabilidad empresarial : El caso del sector de insumos audiológicos

A través de la historia, la comunicación ha jugado un papel importante en el desarrollo social, religioso, cultural y político del ser humano, permitiéndole expresar sus pensamientos, sentimientos y emociones por medio de la utilización de diferentes signos y símbolos, los cuales se han ido transformando y evolucionando de acuerdo a sus necesidades. Serra (2009) entiende la comunicación como un fenómeno social y grupal, el cual es analizado como un proceso particular e individual, pues requiere de funciones, procesos y recursos que se ponen en marcha cada vez que se despliega una actividad comunicativa. Sin embargo, esta comunicación puede verse alterada por diversos factores que impiden que el individuo interactúe eficientemente dentro de un contexto social, generándole dificultades de tipo comunicativo

Antiradical and functional properties of subcritical water extracts from edible mushrooms and from commercial counterparts

This study deals with the antioxidant and functional potential of subcritical water extracts from edible mushrooms, in comparison to commercial products. Pleurotus citrinopileatus extracts showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant properties. Similar results were determined in commercial extracts of Coriolus versicolor. The highest growth inhibition in selected human carcinogenic cells was identified for the P. citrinopileatus extract obtained during heating up to 160 °C. Rheological studies confirmed that glucan-based hydrogels prepared with mushroom extracts exhibited enhanced viscoelastic properties compared to those formulated with commercial products. The extracts providing the strongest gels were obtained from Pleurotus eryngii, followed by Hericium erinaceus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus. No water syneresis for the proposed hydrogels was observed. The formulated hydrogels could be interesting for their application in the food sector.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. BES-2016-076840Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RYC2018-024454-

PESQUISA DE DISFUNCIÓN ENDOTELIAL: IMPACTO EN LA INCIDENCIA DE LAS FORMAS SEVERAS DE PREECLAMPSIA.

Con el objeto de evaluar si el enfoque de disfunción endotelial, disminuye la incidencia de las formas severas de preeclampsia, se estudiaron 52 gestantes que iniciaron control prenatal en el primer trimestre en el consultorio de obstetricia del Hospital Belén de Trujillo (HBT).  Método se elaboró la línea de base individual para cada gestante: peso, hematocrito, creatinina sérica, recuento plaquetario y volumen plaquetario medio, presión arterial etc. Y fueron seguidas hasta 40 días post parto buscando cambios que indiquen disfunción. Y comparados con el histórico del servicio para el año 2012.  Resultados el 36.5% fue catalogada como disfunción sin hipertensión, el   36.5% fue preeclampsia leve y el 7.7% preeclampsia severa, solo 4% pacientes ingresaron a UCIM, pero ninguna requirió ventilación mecánica o hemodiálisis.  Se concluye que el enfoque de disfunción endotelial individualiza el seguimiento de las gestantes durante el control prenatal   permite la intervención oportuna, detectando la preeclampsia en estadios leves. Lo que disminuye la incidencia de las formas severas y la demanda de servicio de cuidado intensivo.     

Analyses of chondrogenic induction of adipose mesenchymal stem cells by combined co-stimulation mediated by adenoviral gene transfer

INTRODUCTION: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into cartilage under stimulation with some reported growth and transcriptional factors, which may constitute an alternative for cartilage replacement approaches. In this study, we analyzed the in vitro chondrogenesis of ASCs transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) either alone or in combinations. METHODS: Aggregate cultures of characterized ovine ASCs were transduced with 100 multiplicity of infections of Ad.IGF-1, Ad.TGF-β1, Ad.FGF-2, and Ad.SOX9 alone or in combination. These were harvested at various time points for detection of cartilage-specific genes expression by quantitative real-time PCR or after 14 and 28 days for histologic and biochemical analyses detecting proteoglycans, collagens (II, I and X), and total sulfated glycosaminoglycan and collagen content, respectively. RESULTS: Expression analyses showed that co-expression of IGF-1 and FGF-2 resulted in higher significant expression levels of aggrecan, biglycan, cartilage matrix, proteoglycan, and collagen II (all P ≤0.001 at 28 days). Aggregates co-transduced with Ad.IGF-1/Ad.FGF-2 showed a selective expression of proteoglycans and collagen II, with limited expression of collagens I and × demonstrated by histological analyses, and had significantly greater glycosaminoglycan and collagen production than the positive control (P ≤0.001). Western blot analyses for this combination also demonstrated increased expression of collagen II, while expression of collagens I and × was undetectable and limited, respectively. CONCLUSION: Combined overexpression of IGF-1/FGF-2 within ASCs enhances their chondrogenic differentiation inducing the expression of chondrogenic markers, suggesting that this combination is more beneficial than the other factors tested for the development of cell-based therapies for cartilage repair

Interpretación de los comportamientos violentos en los jóvenes del grado sexto del colegio nacional liceo Celedón de Santa Marta - Magdalena

La importancia de este estudio radica en que se pretende formar un individuo autónomo, libre, creativo, apto para desenvolverse dentro de la sociedad, respetuoso, de los demás, participativo, crítico, capaz de llegar a construir un nuevo país. Además de lo anterior, también es importante este tema, porque son los estudiantes los protagonistas del futuro del mundo, por lo tanto, conociendo los factores que generan la excesiva agresividad en los niños, se podrá canalizar en buena forma esas acciones de violencia, para contribuir a un mejor mañana. Los docentes desde el aula de clase pueden cambiar esa actitud tan negativa de parte de los estudiantes en especial aquellos que pertenecen al grado 6o del Colegio Liceo Celedón, asumiendo su verdadera función de orientador de jóvenes, haciéndolos crecer cada día hacia un futuro sin traumas y conflictos sociales

Enhancement of Lutein Production in Chlorella sorokiniana (Chorophyta) by Improvement of Culture Conditions and Random Mutagenesis

Chlorella sorokiniana has been selected for lutein production, after a screening of thirteen species of microalgae, since it showed both a high content in this carotenoid and a high growth rate. The effects of several nutritional and environmental factors on cell growth and lutein accumulation have been studied. Maximal specific growth rate and lutein content were attained at 690 μmol photons m−2 s−1, 28 °C, 2 mM NaCl, 40 mM nitrate and under mixotrophic conditions. In general, optimal conditions for the growth of this strain also lead to maximal lutein productivity. High lutein yielding mutants of C. sorokiniana have been obtained by random mutagenesis, using N-methyl-N′-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) as a mutagen and selecting mutants by their resistance to the inhibitors of the carotenogenic pathway nicotine and norflurazon. Among the mutants resistant to the herbicides, those exhibiting both high content in lutein and high growth rate were chosen. Several mutants exhibited higher contents in this carotenoid than the wild type, showing, in addition, either a similar or higher growth rate than the latter strain. The mutant MR-16 exhibited a 2.0-fold higher volumetric lutein content than that of the wild type, attaining values of 42.0 mg L−1 and mutants DMR-5 and DMR-8 attained a lutein cellular content of 7.0 mg g−1 dry weight. The high lutein yield exhibited by C. sorokiniana makes this microalga an excellent candidate for the production of this commercially interesting pigment

CC8 MRSA Strains Harboring SCCmec Type IVc are Predominant in Colombian Hospitals

BACKGROUND: Recent reports highlight the incursion of community-associated MRSA within healthcare settings. However, knowledge of this phenomenon remains limited in Latin America. The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of MRSA in three tertiary-care hospitals in Medellín, Colombia. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from 2008-2010. MRSA infections were classified as either community-associated (CA-MRSA) or healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA), with HA-MRSA further classified as hospital-onset (HAHO-MRSA) or community-onset (HACO-MRSA) according to standard epidemiological definitions established by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Genotypic analysis included SCCmec typing, spa typing, PFGE and MLST. RESULTS: Out of 538 total MRSA isolates, 68 (12.6%) were defined as CA-MRSA, 243 (45.2%) as HACO-MRSA and 227 (42.2%) as HAHO-MRSA. The majority harbored SCCmec type IVc (306, 58.7%), followed by SCCmec type I (174, 33.4%). The prevalence of type IVc among CA-, HACO- and HAHO-MRSA isolates was 92.4%, 65.1% and 43.6%, respectively. From 2008 to 2010, the prevalence of type IVc-bearing strains increased significantly, from 50.0% to 68.2% (p = 0.004). Strains harboring SCCmec IVc were mainly associated with spa types t1610, t008 and t024 (MLST clonal complex 8), while PFGE confirmed that the t008 and t1610 strains were closely related to the USA300-0114 CA-MRSA clone. Notably, strains belonging to these three spa types exhibited high levels of tetracycline resistance (45.9%). CONCLUSION: CC8 MRSA strains harboring SCCmec type IVc are becoming predominant in Medellín hospitals, displacing previously reported CC5 HA-MRSA clones. Based on shared characteristics including SCCmec IVc, absence of the ACME element and tetracycline resistance, the USA300-related isolates in this study are most likely related to USA300-LV, the recently-described 'Latin American variant' of USA300

Women in (Dis)placement: The Field of Studies on Migrations, Social Remittances, Care and Gender in Chile

This article presents current perspectives on the gender approach to the study of migration in Chile between 1990 and 2018, contextualizing it in light of international debates in the social sciences. We will discuss how the feminization and the growth of Latin American migrations have given rise to a prolific field of research, as exemplified by studies conducted in central and northern Chile. We will show how the concepts of social remittances and caregiving permeate the Chilean debate on migrant women. We conclude with reflections on topics and perspectives to be incorporated into the Chilean research agenda on gender and migration.Se presenta un estado del arte sobre el enfoque de género en los estudios de la migración en Chile entre 1990 y 2018, contextualizándolo a la luz de debates internacionales de las ciencias sociales. Abordaremos cómo la feminización y el incremento de las migraciones latinoamericanas inauguran un prolijo campo de investigaciones, articulado a través de estudios desarrollados en el centro y en el norte de Chile. Señalaremos cómo los conceptos de remesas sociales y cuidados permean el debate chileno sobre las mujeres migrantes. Finalizamos con reflexiones sobre temas y perspectivas a ser incorporados en la agenda chilena de investigaciones sobre género y migración.The authors would like to thank the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) for funding the study that led to this article through Fondecyt Regular Project number 1160683: “Ser Mujer Mayor en Santiago. Organización social de los cuidados, feminización del envejecimiento y desigualdades acumuladas” (“Being an older woman in Santiago. Social organization of care, feminization of ageing and accumulated inequalities”), led by Herminia Gonzálvez Torralbo and Fondecyt Regular Project number 1190056: “The Boundaries of Gender Violence: Migrant Women’s Experiences in South American Border Territories” led by Menara Lube Guizardi

Workforce Race Equality in UK Higher Education: an Exploration of the Differential Outcomes for Black Staff

For more than a decade consistent attention has been drawn to the under-representation of ethnic minority staff in UK higher education. This attention has focused on the failure of institutions to represent their increasingly diverse student populations through their academic faculty, whilst statistical reports and published research continue to expose the negative workplace experiences of ethnic minority academics. In parallel, ethnic minority colleagues in professional and support roles and their lived experiences of UK higher education have remained largely in the shadows yet mirror that of their academic counterparts. Ethnic minority staff do not share the same lived experiences and despite representing more than a fifth of all ethnic minority staff in UK institutions, black staff experience the least favourable outcomes compared to all other ethnic groups. Black staff are least likely to be represented at senior levels, are more likely to be employed on fixed-term contracts and are paid less than their peers. This dissertation provides a unique, in-depth, multi-layered exploration into the lived experiences of black staff in UK higher education and how these contribute to the differential workplace outcomes evidenced through workforce statistics. The study demonstrates that there are multi-level structural and agential factors that influence the way black staff navigate white hegemonic institutional spaces, that evade or deny talk of race or racism, creating psychological and ethnic penalties for black staff that are materially different to staff of any other ethnic group. The research takes a qualitative, social constructionist approach by employing one-to-one semi-structured interviews with black staff in academic and professional and support roles, equality and diversity and HR practitioners, senior managers in UK institutions and sector agencies. The dissertation applies Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field, capital, and symbolic violence to interpret participants feelings, perceptions and experiences of racism and institutional racism in UK higher education. It also offers a perspective as a practitioner-researcher and proposes recommendations to inform policy and practice in the field of organisational equality and diversity, to advance race equality in UK higher education institutions and create good diversity practice across any industry or sector