Water demand modelling using evolutionary computation techniques: integrating water equity and justice for realization of the sustainable development goals

The purpose of this review is to establish and classify the diverse ways in which evolutionary computation (EC) techniques have been employed in water demand modelling and to identify important research challenges and future directions. This review also investigates the potentials of conventional EC techniques in influencing water demand management policies beyond an advisory role while recommending strategies for their use by policy-makers with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in perspective. This review ultimately proposes a novel integrated water demand and management modelling framework (IWDMMF) that enables water policy-makers to assess the wider impact of water demand management decisions through the principles of egalitarianism, utilitarianism, libertarianism and sufficientarianism. This is necessary to ensure that water policy decisions incorporate equity and justice. Environmental science; Applied computing; Computing methodology; Civil engineering; Process modeling; Hydrology; evolutionary computation; water justice; water demand; Artificial intelligence; water equity; Sustainable development goal

A successful treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis due to Rhizopus oryzae

Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucoraceae family. The genera most commonly responsible are Mucor or Rhizopus. The disease occurs mostly in association with diabetic ketoacidosis. Mucormycosis has an extremely high death rate even when aggressive surgery is done. Death rates range from 25-85% depending on the body area involved. A case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a 65-year-old diabetic male patient typically presenting as headache, especially in parietal and frontal lobes, with nose and left eye discharge. After clinical and laboratory examination, mucormycosis was diagnosed, and Rhizopus oryzae was isolated. Systemic therapy with amphotericin B administered intravenously then replaced by posaconazole by a combination of aggressive surgery. The patient was treated and followed up for one year. We emphasize the importance of early detection and aggressive treatment in the management of this fatal disease

The dual interaction of antimicrobial peptides on bacteria and cancer cells; mechanism of action and therapeutic strategies of nanostructures

Abstract Microbial infection and cancer are two leading causes of global mortality. Discovering and developing new therapeutics with better specificity having minimal side-effects and no drug resistance are of an immense need. In this regard, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with dual antimicrobial and anticancer activities are the ultimate choice. For better efficacy and improved stability, the AMPs available for treatment still required to be modified. There are several strategies in which AMPs can be enhanced through, for instance, nano-carrier application with high selectivity and specificity enables researchers to estimate the rate of drug delivery to a particular tissue. In this review we present the biology and modes of action of AMPs for both anticancer and antimicrobial activities as well as some modification strategies to improve the efficacy and selectivity of these AMPs. Graphical Abstracthttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/173686/1/12934_2022_Article_1848.pd