Detection Antibiotic Resistance of Enviromental Bacterial Strains

المضادات الحيويه توصف بشكل عشوائي للعلاج البشري والبيطري. هنالك عدد قليل من المضادات الحيوية المستعملة من قبل البشر والحيوانات تهضم بشكل غير تام في الجهاز الهضمي وتنتهي في نظام التصريف والمستشفيات وفي النهايه تطرح الى مصادر المياه في البيئه مباشره دونما اي معالجه.      ان المياه نفسها تعتبر عامل رئيسي في نشر البكتريا بين مكونات البيئه المختلفه ، اضافه الى احتواء البكتريا على عناصر وراثيه قابله للانتقال بين اماكن مختلفه من التربه، المياه والبشر.      جمعت مسحات بيئيه محليا متضمنه 50 مسحه من بيئه المستشفى ،15مسحه من مخلفات الدواجن واحشاء الدجاج، 20 عينه من المياه الثقيله، 15 عينه من احواض الاسماك لتكشف عن 16 عزله من بكتريا Staphylococcus (4عزلات من Staphylococcus aureus و 12 عزله من بكتريا Staphylococcus السالبه لاختبار Coagulase)، 19 عزله من بكتريا Enterococcus spp.، 7 عزلات من بكتريا Pseudomonas  و5 عزلات بيئيه لكل من بكتريا Shigella و Salmonella.     اختبار الحساسيه لمضادي التيكوبلانين والفانكومايسين للعزلات تم اجراؤه ليظهر ان 2 من اصل 16 عزله (12.5%) من بكتريا Staphylococcus كانت مقاومه للفانكومايسين و 3 من اصل 19 عزله(15.7%) من بكتريا Enterococcus كانت مقاومه للفانكومايسين ، بينما كانت بقيه العزلات حساسه للفانكومايسين.     كل العزلات كانت حساسه لمضاد التايكوبلانين عدا عزله واحده من بكتريا Enterococcus spp.  كانت متوسطه التأثر به. مدى التركيز المثبط الادنى للفانكومايسين كان بين (64-6)مايكروغرام/مل. اظهرت بعض العزلات البكتيريه المقاومه لمضاد الفانكومايسين حزمه بلازميديه واحده بعد استخلاص الدنا الخاص بها.     Antibiotics are randomly prescribed  for veterinary and human medication. Antibiotics by little number are used by human , animals are digested uncompletely  in their digestive system and ended up in communal sewage and hospitals, eventually discharge in environmental water sources directly with no processing.     Water itself consider as major factor of dispersal of bacteria between different environmental components. Besides, bacteria had  transferable genetic mobile elements to different sites of soil, water and humans.       Environmental swabs were collected locally including 50 swabs of hospital environment , 15 samples of poultry feces and chicken guts , 20 sample of heavy water and 15 sample of fish tank to identify16 isolate of Staphylococcus (4 isolate of Staphylococus aureus and 12 isolate of coagulase –ve Staphylococcus) , 19 isolate of Enterococcus spp. , 7 isolates of Pseudomonas and 5 environment isolates for each Shigella spp.  and Salmonella spp. .           Teicoplanin and Vancomycin sensitivity test of isolates was done , showing that 2out of 16 isolates of Staphylococcus (12.5%) were Vancomycin-resistant , and 3out of 19 isolates of Enterococcus (15.7 %) were Vancomycin-resistant, while the rest of isolates were Vancomycin- sensitive. From other side , all isolates was Teicoplanin- sensitive except only 1 Enterococcus spp. Isolate which was intermediate . The range of the Vancomycin MIC were (6-64) µg/ml . Vancomycin resistant isolates , showed that some isolates have one plasmid band after Extraction of their DNA

Effects of Nursing Guidance About Venipuncture Versus Ordinary Syringe, A Comparative Study On Rates of Phlebotomy Hematoma

Objective: To assess the effects of nursing guidance about Venipuncture versus ordinary syringe, a Comparative Study on Rates of phlebotomy hematoma. Background: In order to reducing the incidence of phlebotomy hematoma, nurses should receive comprehensive training regarding appropriate blood sampling  Study design and methods: Pre-posttest, comparative study design using a quasi-experimental design for both groups. Setting: The surgery departments at Assiut University Hospital. Subjects: There were 40 nurses in total coverage, and 100 randomly selected patients underwent blood sample. The nurses and patients were split into two equal groups. Tools: (I): Patients' assessment (personnel and clinical data), (II): Easy hematoma degree classification and (III) Nurses' awareness questionnaire (demographic characteristics, knowledge, and observation checklist). Results: A statistically significant difference the venipuncture and ordinary syringe groups regarding the rates of phlebotomy hematoma (wound quality of life and wound healing) with a significant correlation between them. Moreover, a statistically significant difference between nurses' knowledge and practice of applying the nursing guidance pre- and post-test.  Conclusion: The nursing guidance had a beneficial impact on nurses' knowledge and practice, and it improved the rates of phlebotomy hematoma occurrence among patients who underwent venipuncture compared to the other group using an ordinary syringe Implications for research, policy, and practice: Enhance nurses' knowledge and practice, offer ongoing education and in-service training program to the surgery departments. Apply venipuncture to blood sampling to reduce the risk of phlebotomy hematomas. &nbsp

Multiplicity dependence of light (anti-)nuclei production in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

The measurement of the deuteron and anti-deuteron production in the rapidity range −1 < y < 0 as a function of transverse momentum and event multiplicity in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV is presented. (Anti-)deuterons are identified via their specific energy loss dE/dx and via their time-of- flight. Their production in p–Pb collisions is compared to pp and Pb–Pb collisions and is discussed within the context of thermal and coalescence models. The ratio of integrated yields of deuterons to protons (d/p) shows a significant increase as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity of the event starting from values similar to those observed in pp collisions at low multiplicities and approaching those observed in Pb–Pb collisions at high multiplicities. The mean transverse particle momenta are extracted from the deuteron spectra and the values are similar to those obtained for p and particles. Thus, deuteron spectra do not follow mass ordering. This behaviour is in contrast to the trend observed for non-composite particles in p–Pb collisions. In addition, the production of the rare 3He and 3He nuclei has been studied. The spectrum corresponding to all non-single diffractive p-Pb collisions is obtained in the rapidity window −1 < y < 0 and the pT-integrated yield dN/dy is extracted. It is found that the yields of protons, deuterons, and 3He, normalised by the spin degeneracy factor, follow an exponential decrease with mass number

Measurement of the low-energy antideuteron inelastic cross section

In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions at low particle momenta, covering a range of 0.3 ≤ p < 4 GeV/c. The measurement is carried out using p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC and utilizing the detector material as an absorber for antideuterons and antiprotons. The extracted raw primary antiparticle-to-particle ratios are compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the geant4 toolkit for the propagation of (anti)particles through the detector material. The analysis of the raw primary (anti)proton spectra serves as a benchmark for this study, since their hadronic interaction cross sections are well constrained experimentally. The first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions averaged over the ALICE detector material with atomic mass numbers ⟨A⟩ = 17.4 and 31.8 is obtained. The measured inelastic cross section points to a possible excess with respect to the Glauber model parametrization used in geant4 in the lowest momentum interval of 0.3 ≤ p < 0.47 GeV/c up to a factor 2.1. This result is relevant for the understanding of antimatter propagation and the contributions to antinuclei production from cosmic ray interactions within the interstellar medium. In addition, the momentum range covered by this measurement is of particular importance to evaluate signal predictions for indirect dark-matter searches

Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles as a function of mid- and forward rapidity multiplicities in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV

The multiplicity dependence of the pseudorapidity density of charged particles in proton–proton (pp) collisions at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}~=~5.02$, 7 and 13 TeV measured by ALICE is reported. The analysis relies on track segments measured in the midrapidity range ($|\eta | < 1.5$). Results are presented for inelastic events having at least one charged particle produced in the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta |<1$. The multiplicity dependence of the pseudorapidity density of charged particles is measured with mid- and forward rapidity multiplicity estimators, the latter being less affected by autocorrelations. A detailed comparison with predictions from the PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC event generators is also presented. The results can be used to constrain models for particle production as a function of multiplicity in pp collisions

Elliptic Flow of Electrons from Beauty-Hadron Decays in Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN\sqrt {s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

The elliptic flow of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The azimuthal distribution of the particles produced in the collisions can be parametrized with a Fourier expansion, in which the second harmonic coefficient represents the elliptic flow, $v_2$. The $v_2$ coefficient of electrons from beauty hadron decays is measured for the first time in the transverse momentum ($p_T$) range 1.3–6 GeV/c in the centrality class 30%–50%. The measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays exploits their larger mean proper decay length cτ ≈ 500 μm compared to that of charm hadrons and most of the other background sources. The $v_2$ of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity is found to be positive with a significance of 3.75 σ. The results provide insights into the degree of thermalization of beauty quarks in the medium. A model assuming full thermalization of beauty quarks is strongly disfavored by the measurement at high $p_T$, but is in agreement with the results at low $p_T$. Transport models including substantial interactions of beauty quarks with an expanding strongly interacting medium describe the measurement within uncertainties

Elliptic flow of electrons from beauty-hadron decays in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The elliptic flow of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity (|y| < 0.8) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The azimuthal distribution of the particles produced in the collisions can be parameterized with a Fourier expansion, in which the second harmonic coefficient represents the elliptic flow, v2. The v2 coefficient is measured for the first time in transverse momentum (pT) range 1.3-6 GeV/c in the centrality class 30-50%. The measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays exploits their larger mean proper decay length cτ≈ 500 μm compared to that of charm hadrons and most of the other background sources. The v2 of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity is found to be positive with a significance of 3.75σ. The results provide insights on the degree of thermalization of beauty quarks in the medium. A model assuming full thermalization of beauty quarks is strongly disfavoured by the measurement at high pT, but is in agreement with the results at low pT. Transport models including substantial interactions of beauty quarks with an expanding strongly-interacting medium describe the measurement

Publisher Correction: Unveiling the strong interaction among hadrons at the LHC

Correction to: Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-3001-6Published online 09 December 2020 In Fig. 1c of this Article, owing to an error during the production process, the equation incorrectly began ‘C(k*, r*) = …’ instead of ‘C(k*) = …’. In addition, in affiliation 71 ‘Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro’ has been corrected to read ‘Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli studi di Cagliari’. The original Article has been corrected online

Measurement of isolated photon–hadron correlations in √sNN = 5.02 TeV pp and p–Pb collisions

This paper presents isolated photon-hadron correlations using pp and p-Pb data collected by the ALICE detector at the LHC. For photons with |η| < 0.67 and 12 < pT < 40 GeV/c, the associated yield of charged particles in the range |η| < 0.80 and 0.5 < pT < 10 GeV/c is presented. These momenta are much lower than previous measurements at the LHC. No significant difference between pp and p-Pb is observed, with PYTHIA 8.2 describing both data sets within uncertainties. This measurement constrains nuclear effects on the parton fragmentation in p-Pb collisions, and provides a benchmark for future studies of Pb-Pb collisions

Elliptic and triangular flow of (anti)deuterons in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThe measurements of the (anti)deuteron elliptic flow (v2) and the first measurements of triangular flow (v3) in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN = 5.02 TeV are presented. A mass ordering at low transverse momentum (pT) is observed when comparing these measurements with those of other identified hadrons, as expected from relativistic hydrodynamics. The measured (anti)deuteron v2 lies between the predictions from the simple coalescence and blast-wave models, which provide a good description of the data only for more peripheral and for more central collisions, respectively. The mass number scaling, which is violated for v2, is approximately valid for the (anti)deuterons v3. The measured v2 and v3 are also compared with the predictions from a coalescence approach with phase-space distributions of nucleons generated by iebe-vishnu with ampt initial conditions coupled with urqmd, and from a dynamical model based on relativistic hydrodynamics coupled to the hadronic afterburner smash. The model predictions are consistent with the data within the uncertainties in midcentral collisions, while a deviation is observed in the most central collisions