In Search of a Trade Mark: Search Practices and Bureaucratic Poetics

Trade marks have been understood as quintessential ‘bureaucratic properties’. This article suggests that the making of trade marks has been historically influenced by bureaucratic practices of search and classification, which in turn were affected by the possibilities and limits of spatial organisation and technological means of access and storage. It shows how the organisation of access and retrieval did not only condition the possibility of conceiving new trade marks, but also served to delineate their intangible proprietary boundaries. Thereby they framed the very meaning of a trade mark. By advancing a historical analysis that is sensitive to shifts, both in actual materiality and in the administrative routines of trade mark law, the article highlights the legal form of trade mark as inherently social and materially shaped. We propose a historical understanding of trade mark law that regards legal practice and bureaucratic routines as being co-constitutive of the very legal object itself

Ozonation features of technological solutions in the malt production

У статті наведено спосіб виробництва солоду з використанням озонованих водних розчинів. Проаналізовано та досліджено технологічний процес пророщування зерна, що включає багатократне замочування зерна з періодичним ворушінням і продувкою шару зерна повітрям в процесі замочування і пророщування, фільтрування та повторне озонування технологічних розчинів, а також сушіння пророщеного матеріалу. Особливістю досліджуваної технології є використання в якості агенту замочування зерна водні розчини оброблені озоном. Наведені результати дослідження впливу озонованих водних розчинів на технологічні показники солодового зерна, особливості виробництва різноманітних солодів з використанням озонування солодових розчинів. Представлено оптимальну концентрацію озону для виходу високоякісної продукції. Досліджено вплив озонованих водних розчинів на динаміку поглинання вологи зерном, зміни якісних показників солоду, проведено моніторинг ферментативної активності в зерновій сировині при пророщуванні дослідних зразків порівняно з контролем, в якості якого обрано зерно, що пророщувалось по класичній технології без застосування активаторів. Встановлено, що озоновані водні розчини мають найбільший вплив на здатність до проростання всіх досліджуваних зразків зерна без винятку, покращують технологічні характеристики пивоварного солоду, збільшують ферментативну активності готового продукту. Також було запропоновано використовувати технологічні розчини повторно, а саме після їх фільтрування, озонувати та застосовувати для наступного замочування зернового матеріалу в якості агенту зволоження. Таке технологічне рішення дозволяє зменшити витрати води в 2-2,5 рази, що значно знизить собівартість готового продукту. Крім основної своєї функції - знезараження, озон виконує ряд функцій, що дозволяють удосконалити технологічні процеси виробництва солоду. Використання озонованих водних розчинів дозволить скоротити тривалість пророщення зернового матеріалу на 1-2 дні. Прискорення біохімічних процесів у пророщеному матеріалі призводить до збільшення вмісту борошнистих зерен, що є важливим технологічним результатом при подальшому виробництві різноманітної продукції з отриманого солоду і свідчить про більш повне розчинення складових зернового матеріалу.There is a method of producing malt with the use of ozone aqueous solutions in this article. The technological process of grain sprouting has been analyzed and investigated, which involves repeatedly soaking the grain with periodic stirring and blasting of the layer of grain with air during soaking and sprouting, filtering and secondary ozonation of technological solutions, as well as drying of sprouted material. The feature of the technology under study is use of ozone-treated aqueous solutions as a grain soaking agent. The study results of the influence on ozonized aqueous solutions on technological parameters of malt grain, features of the production of various malts using ozonation of malt solutions are obtained. The optimal concentration of ozone for the output of high-quality products is presented. It is researched the influence of ozonized aqueous solutions on the dynamics of absorption of moisture by grain, changes in qualitative parameters of malt, the monitoring of enzyme activity in grain raw materials was carried out with germination of experimental samples in comparison with the control, in which the grain that was propagated by classical technology without the use of activators was selected. It has been established that ozonized aqueous solutions have the greatest influence on the ability to sprout all studied samples of grain without exception, improve the technological characteristics of brewing malt, increase the enzymatic activity of the finished product. It was also suggested that the technological solutions were reused, namely after filtration, ozonized and used for subsequent soaking of the grain material as a moisturizing agent. Such a technological solution can reduce water consumption by 2-2,5 times, which significantly reduces the cost price of the finished product. In addition to its main function – disinfection, ozone performs a number of functions, which allow to improve the malt production processes. The use of ozone aqueous solutions will reduce the duration of grain germination material for 1-2 days. Acceleration of biochemical processes in germinated material leads to an increase in the content of floury grains, which is an important technological result in the further production of various products from the obtained malt and indicates a more complete dissolution of the compo nents of grain material

Coil ignition

Coil Ignition 1. • Magneto Ignition 32. • Automobile Electric Starting and Lighting apparatus 67. • Appendix 90. • Appended are also copies of 4 patent specifications and 7 Applications for Patents

EOSCpilot Ethics: Supporting Document to D3.3 Draft Policy Recommendations

This paper discusses how an ethical dimension can best be included within the policies, structures and services of the developing European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). Although the inclusion of ethical principles and policies are seen as of fundamental importance to the EOSC, it is difficult to anticipate all the ethical issues that may emerge as the scientific, technical, social and political landscape evolves. It is therefore seen as crucially important to have governance mechanisms in place that can ensure ethical issues are appropriately dealt with in the future, however and whenever they are presented, as well as identifying and proposing responses to current issues. An analysis of ethical issues relating to organisational conduct and policies, research conduct, research decision making, the use of data, especially sensitive personal data, and the interaction between science and society, serves to underline the complexity and diversity of potential issues

Title V of the 2nd Lome Convention Between EEC and ACP States: A Critical Assessment of the Industrial Cooperation as it Relates to Africa

On October 31, 1979, representatives from fifty-eight African-Caribbean-Pacific (ACP) and nine European Economic Community (EEC) States signed the second Lome Convetion. This agreement will govern the technical, commercial, and financial relations between the two groups of countries from March 1, 1980 through February 28, 1985. Lome II is the fifth in a series of conventions concluded between the EEC countries and the developing nations of Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. Like its predecessors, Lome II was designed to establish a model for relations between developed and developing states, and lay the foundation for a New International Economic Order. Toward this end, Lome II provided more than 5,607 million European units of account (EUA) - the equivalent of $6,924 million US - in trade and development assistance to the ACP states

International determinants of the evolution of the Spanish Patent System during the 19th century

Durante el siglo XIX los sistemas de patentes de los distintos países tuvieron una evolución institucional heterogénea. Este artículo explora los determinantes internacionales de esta diversidad institucional tomando como estudio de caso el sistema español. En vez de trazar la causalidad de la institución al desempeño económico, se explora la relación inversa, es decir, cómo la dependencia y el retraso tecnológico españoles incidieron en la organización institucional de su sistema de patentes. El impacto de las dinámicas internacionales se hizo sentir en distintas esferas del sistema: en su naturaleza periférica, híbrida y dual; la recepción de las controversias europeas en torno a las patentes; la temprana integración de España en el sistema internacional de patentes; y el protagonismo de los intermediarios internacionales. Se concluye señalando que las variaciones en la arquitectura institucional y la práctica administrativa de los distintos sistemas nacionales fue la consecuencia de la construcción de un sistema internacional de patentes asimétricoThe various nineteenth-century national patent systems had a heterogeneous institutional evolution. This article explores the international determinants of this institutional diversity, using the Spanish system as a case study. Instead of presenting the causality as running from institutions to economic performance, it explores the inverse relationship, that is, how Spain’s technological backwardness and dependency set the stage for the institutional organisation of this country’s patent system. The international dynamics manifested in different aspects of the system: its peripheral, hybrid and dual nature; the Spanish reception of the European controversy over patent rights; the early Spanish integration into the international patent system; and the prominence of international intermediaries. The article concludes that nineteenth-century variations in the institutional architecture and the administrative practices of the various national systems were the consequence of the historical making of an asymetric international patent syste

Process to get square holes by machine tools CNC with tool in rotation

Orientador: Amauri HassuiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecânicaResumo: A inovação é a chave para o diferencial da indústria no mercado competitivo atual. Fazer diferente, melhor e mais barato sempre agrega valor ao produto. Por outro lado, a resistência às mudanças faz parte do comportamento humano, seja na sociedade, ou na indústria. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar a viabilidade de se fazer furos não cilíndricos com uma ferramenta em rotação utilizando máquinas-ferramenta CNC. Estes sempre foram obstáculos na indústria de fabricação pela dificuldade de obtenção. Sendo assim, o processo apresentado nesse trabalho busca usinar um furo quadrado com a mesma configuração de ferramentas e fixação de peças utilizadas para um furo cilíndrico, tão comum à indústria. Isso visa reduzir custos de fabricação e facilitar a obtenção de furos não cilíndricos com os recursos de equipamentos programáveis existentes no chão de fábrica. A partir de um modelo matemático, a máquina é programada para executar movimentos sincronizados entre a rotação e os deslocamentos do eixo da ferramenta. Diversas programações foram testadas em diferentes máquinas ferramenta CNC, com diferentes comandos, com e sem recursos de alta velocidade, com diferentes quantidades de pontos programados, interpolações lineares e circulares. A partir dos experimentos, foram analisadas as configurações das máquinas, a capacidade de execução do controlador numérico instalado, a velocidade desenvolvida pela máquina na operação e a geometria obtida dos furos quadrados. Os experimentos apontam que para executar o furo quadrado, os comandos devem ser capazes de controlar um eixo rotativo como eixo propriamente dito, além de sincronizarem mais três eixos lineares. O crítico para este tipo de operação é a velocidade desempenhada pela máquina, sendo o fator mais significativo, o tempo que o comando precisa para o processamento do bloco de programação, independentemente da ativação de recursos de alta velocidade, interpolações lineares ou circulares. Verificou-se também que quanto maior a quantidade de pontos para compor a trajetória do centro da ferramenta, melhor será a geometria obtida do furo. Sendo assim, as máquinas ferramenta CNC que estão em operação na indústria são capazes de realizar a furação não cilíndrica de forma muito próxima à furação cilíndrica quanto ao tempo de usinagem e ao sistema de fixação da ferramenta e da peça, sendo necessária uma programação sincronizada do eixo spindle presente em toda e qualquer máquina ferramentaAbstract: The innovation is the key for the differential of the industry on the competitive market nowadays. To make different, better and cheaper always it is worth a lot to the product. By the other side, the resistance to changes makes part of the human behavior, in society, or in the industry. The main goal of this work is to study the feasibility to machining of non-cylindrical holes by a tool in rotation using CNC machine tools. That always has been offering obstacles to manufacturing industry by the difficulty of fabrication. Thus, the process presented on this work will machining a square hole with the same configuration of tools and systems for fixation of the parts, used for a cylindrical drilling, so common to industry. This intends to reduce the costs of fabrication and make easier to get non-cylindrical drilling using resources of the programmable equipment which are working at the shops. From a math model on, the machine is programmed to execute synchronized movements between the rotation and the displacements of the axis of the tool. Different programs were tested in different CNC machine tools, with different controllers, with and no resources for high speed, with different quantity of programmed points, with linear and circular interpolations. From the experiments, it was analyzed the configuration of the machines, the capacity for execution of the controller installed, the speed developed by machine at the operation and the geometry of the square holes. The experiments show that to machine a square hole, the controllers must be able to control a rotating axis itself, beyond to synchronize three axis. The critical to this kind of operation is the speed developed by the machine, being the most significant factor, the time the controller needs to process the block of programming, independently the activation of resources for high speed, linear or circular interpolations. It was verified than as larger the amount of points to compose the trajectory of the center of tool, better will be the geometry of the hole. Thus, the CNC machine tools in operation in the industry are able to machine the non-cylindrical drilling in a way very closely the cylindrical drilling as the time of machining and the fixing system of the tool and parts, requiring a programming that synchronizes the main spindle installed in any machine toolMestradoMateriais e Processos de FabricaçãoMestre em Engenharia Mecânic

The CLoud–Aerosol–Radiation interaction and forcing: year 2017 (CLARIFY-2017) measurement campaign

The representations of clouds, aerosols, and cloud–aerosol–radiation impacts remain some of the largest uncertainties in climate change, limiting our ability to accurately reconstruct past climate and predict future climate. The south-east Atlantic is a region where high atmospheric aerosol loadings and semi-permanent stratocumulus clouds are co-located, providing an optimum region for studying the full range of aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions and their perturbations of the Earth’s radiation budget. While satellite measurements have provided some useful insights into aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions over the region, these observations do not have the spatial and temporal resolution, nor the required level of precision to allow for a process-level assessment. Detailed measurements from high spatial and temporal resolution airborne atmospheric measurements in the region are very sparse, limiting their use in assessing the performance of aerosol modelling in numerical weather prediction and climate models. CLARIFY-2017 was a major consortium programme consisting of five principal UK universities with project partners from the UK Met Office and European- and USA-based universities and research centres involved in the complementary ORACLES, LASIC, and AEROCLO-sA projects. The aims of CLARIFY-2017 were fourfold: (1) to improve the representation and reduce uncertainty in model estimates of the direct, semi-direct, and indirect radiative effect of absorbing biomass burning aerosols; (2) to improve our knowledge and representation of the processes determining stratocumulus cloud microphysical and radiative properties and their transition to cumulus regimes; (3) to challenge, validate, and improve satellite retrievals of cloud and aerosol properties and their radiative impacts; (4) to improve the impacts of aerosols in weather and climate numerical models. This paper describes the modelling and measurement strategies central to the CLARIFY-2017 deployment of the FAAM BAe146 instrumented aircraft campaign, summarizes the flight objectives and flight patterns, and highlights some key results from our initial analyses