Investigation of the Printing Evaluation of Gloss Ink Holdout of Finished Papers

Gloss ink holdout is a description of an end result of a process involving many variables. The variables are the receptivity or absorbancy of the sheet for ink, the rate of penetration of the ink into the sheet, and the amount and type of ink used. This experiment kept the amount and type of ink constant and looked at the absorbancy of the sheet and the penetration of the ink into the sheet. The IGT Printability Tester was used to apply the ink, an infrared heat lamp to dry the sample, and the Hunter lab Glossmeter to measure the gloss. The sample sheets were evaluated after different ink penetration periods. The results showed that as penetration time increased the ink gloss decreased. The longer the ink was on the press, the lower the ink gloss. Also the amount of adhesive in the coating and the type of sheet, whether offset, letterpress, or rotogravure, influences the results

Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce lipid mediators

The chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology and molecular biology of oxylipins (defined as a family of oxygenated natural products that are formed from unsaturated fatty acids by pathways involving at least one step of dioxygen-dependent oxidation) are complex and occasionally contradictory subjects that continue to develop at an extraordinarily rapid rate. The term includes docosanoids (e.g. protectins, resolvins and maresins, or specialized pro-resolving mediators), eicosanoids and octadecanoids and plant oxylipins, which are derived from either the omega-6 (n-6) or the omega-3 (n-3) families of polyunsaturated fatty acids. For example, the term eicosanoid is used to embrace those biologically active lipid mediators that are derived from C20 fatty acids, and include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and related oxygenated derivatives. The keyenzymesfortheproductionofprostanoidsareprostaglandinendoperoxideHsynthases (cyclo-oxygenases), while lipoxygenases and oxidases of the cytochrome P450 family produce numerous other metabolites. In plants, the lipoxygenase pathway from C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids yields a variety of important products, especially the jasmonates, which havesomecomparablestructuralfeaturesandfunctions.Relatedoxylipinsareproducedby non-enzymicmeans(isoprostanes),whilefattyacidestersofhydroxyfattyacids(FAHFA)are now being considered together with the oxylipins from a functional perspective. In all kingdoms of life, oxylipins usually act as lipid mediators through specific receptors, have short half-lives and have functions in innumerable biological contexts

Observations on Late Cretaceous \u3ci\u3eMicrampulla\u3c/i\u3e (Corethrales, Bacillariophyceae) from the Campbell Plateau (Zealandia), southwest Pacific Ocean

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) diatom assemblages from the Campbell Plateau (Zealandia), southwest Pacific Ocean, obtained from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 29 Site 275, contain well-preserved specimens of two enigmatic diatom species currently assigned to the genus Ktenodiscus; Micrampulla parvula originally described from the Maastrichtian-age Moreno Shale, California, and Pterotheca cretacea from DSDP Site 275. In general, the two species share a number of common features with modern Corethron (domed valves, probable heterovalvate frustules, T-shaped serrated articulated spines, marginal sockets), but differ in the location of the sockets (i.e. vertically at the base of the valve dome and not on the rim), the design of the spines and sockets, and the hollow structure extending from the valve center. Although hooked spines are absent, equivalent 1-spine and 2-spine valves can be recognized in these two species. The recently described genus Praecorethron from the same late Campanian sediments shares many features with Micrampulla, but lacks the inflated central valve structure. As a result of our studies, the relevant subclass, order and family definitions are emended, as well as those of Micrampulla, M. parvula and M. cretacea comb. nov., and a new family, Micrampullaceae fam. nov., is erected to distinguish the ancient genera (Micrampulla and Praecorethron) from modern Corethron

Patient and Healthcare Professional Priorities for a Mobile Phone Application for Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease

Introduction Supervised exercise therapy (SET) is the first-line treatment for the peripheral arterial disease (PAD), however, access and compliance are low. An alternative method of delivering this therapy is through mobile health applications, which can be more accessible and convenient for patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate patient, public and healthcare professional (HCP) priorities with regard to a dedicated mobile phone application to deliver remote SET. Methods Bespoke questionnaires were designed for patients and HCPs to assess app functionality and prioritisations for development. These were distributed through social media and the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital. Results Functionality questionnaires were completed by 62 patients and 44 HCPs. Eighty-four per cent of patients wanted their therapy to be monitored by their vascular team with the majority (78%) interested in measuring walking distances. Most patients (76%) were interested in watching exercise videos. These views were shared by HCPs. A communication platform was prioritised for messaging and pictures by the patient (74% and 68% respectively), but not so by HCPs (40%). Documenting other forms of physical activity and the use of wearable technology was less valuable to patients but favoured by HCPs (50%). The ability to interact with other users was not prioritised by either group. Conclusion Delivery of a mobile phone application to deliver health programmes for SET in patients with PAD is an acceptable method for patients and HCPs. This data will enable the next stages of mobile phone application development to be appropriately prioritised, focusing on building exercise videos, a communication platform and further walking tests

Comparison of concentration methods for quantitative detection of sewage-associated viral markers in environmental waters

Pathogenic human viruses cause over half of gastroenteritis cases associated with recreational water use worldwide. They are relatively difficult to concentrate from environmental waters due to typically low concentrations and their small size. Although rapid enumeration of viruses by quantitative PCR (qPCR) has the potential to greatly improve water quality analysis and risk assessment, the upstream steps of capturing and recovering viruses from environmental water sources along with removing PCR inhibitors from extracted nucleic acids remain formidable barriers to routine use. Here, we compared the efficiency of virus recovery for three rapid methods of concentrating two microbial source tracking (MST) viral markers human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and polyomaviruses (HPyVs) from one liter tap water and river water samples on HA membranes (90 mm in diameter). Samples were spiked with raw sewage, and viral adsorption to membranes was promoted by acidification (method A) or addition of MgCl2 (methods B and C). Viral nucleic acid was extracted directly from membranes (method A), or viruses were eluted with NaOH and concentrated by centrifugal ultrafiltration (methods B and C). No inhibition of qPCR was observed for samples processed by method A, but inhibition occurred in river samples processed by B and C. Recovery efficiencies of HAdVs and HPyVs were ∼10-fold greater for method A (31 to 78%) than for methods B and C (2.4 to 12%). Further analysis of membranes from method B revealed that the majority of viruses were not eluted from the membrane, resulting in poor recovery. The modification of the originally published method A to include a larger diameter membrane and a nucleic acid extraction kit that could accommodate the membrane resulted in a rapid virus concentration method with good recovery and lack of inhibitory compounds. The frequently used strategy of viral absorption with added cations (Mg(2+)) and elution with acid were inefficient and more prone to inhibition, and will result in underestimation of the prevalence and concentrations of HAdVs and HPyVs markers in environmental waters

EOS MLS observations of dehydration in the 2004-2005 polar winters

We prove various estimates for the first eigenvalue of the magnetic Dirichlet Laplacian on a bounded domain in two dimensions. When the magnetic field is constant, we give lower and upper bounds in terms of geometric quantities of the domain. We furthermore prove a lower bound for the first magnetic Neumann eigenvalue in the case of constant field.Comment: 19 page

Search and modelling of remnant radio galaxies in the LOFAR Lockman Hole field

Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, © 2017 ESO.The phase of radio galaxy evolution after the jets have switched off, often referred to as the remnant phase, is poorly understood and very few sources in this phase are known. In this work we present an extensive search for remnant radio galaxies in the Lockman Hole, a well-studied extragalactic field. We create mock catalogues of low-power radio galaxies based on Monte Carlo simulations to derive first-order predictions of the fraction of remnants in radio flux limited samples for comparison with our Lockman-Hole sample. We have combined LOFAR observations at 150 MHz with public surveys at higher frequencies to perform a complete selection and have used, for the first time, a combination of spectral criteria (e.g. the classical ultra-steep spectral index and high spectral curvature) as well as morphological criteria (e.g. low radio core prominence and relaxed shapes). Mock catalogues of radio galaxies are created based on existing spectral and dynamical evolution models combined with observed source properties. We have identified 23 candidate remnant radio galaxies which cover a variety of morphologies and spectral characteristics. We suggest that these different properties are related to different stages of the remnant evolution. We find that ultra-steep spectrum remnants represent only a fraction of our remnant sample suggesting a very rapid luminosity evolution of the radio plasma. Results from mock catalogues demonstrate the importance of dynamical evolution in the remnant phase of low-power radio galaxies to obtain fractions of remnant sources consistent with our observations. Moreover, these results confirm that ultra-steep spectrum remnants represent only a subset of the entire population ($\sim$50%) when frequencies higher than 1400 MHz are not included in the selection process, and that they are biased towards old ages.Peer reviewe