A geochemical investigation of Late Holocene lake sediment cores from Pyramid Lake, Fiordland, New Zealand

Pyramid Lake is a small, semi-closed lake thought to have formed 12000 – 13000 years ago, following the Green Lake Landslide at the end of the last glaciation. Recent records of watershed history indicate regional climate variability from natural and anthropogenic sources. Biogenic silica, stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), elemental carbon and nitrogen and compound-specific lipids (n-alkanes and carboxylic acids) were examined in two sediment cores, 28 and 36 cm, collected from Pyramid Lake to shed light on organic matter sources and primary production within the lake. Carbon isotopes ranged from -27.6‰ to -28.5‰ displaying a near constant trend up core while nitrogen isotopes ranged from 0.9‰ to 1.9‰, showing a slight enrichment up core. Biogenic silica ranged from 0.97% to 23.8% and increased towards to the top of the cores. Elemental carbon and nitrogen percentages both increase mid-core with values shifting from 7 to 14 percent and 0.5 to 1 percent, respectively. Compound-specific results suggest a high proportion of vascular plants with limited algal signatures. Ages were determined via 239+240Pu-dating and range from 1855 to 1963. Results in conjunction with C/N ratios suggest possible increases in littoral sediment redistribution and/or primary productivity beginning around 1923 in association with 20th century warming. By learning how the lake’s internal processes and conditions have changed in response to its environment, we can gain an understanding of the extent of human impact and predict how it could change in the future in the face of human-induced climate change

The development of a feature-based expert system to determine rapid molding procedures

The time required to produce tooling needs to be reduced in the product development cycle to bring products to market more quickly. To reduce time, an expert system was developed. The system helps designers marry part designs with manufacturing processes throughout the product development cycle. The expert system can contain a knowledge base of manufacturing technologies in use today. Two manufacturing technologies have been represented in the system. The expert system is feature-based and processes geometry, design, manufacturing, and business issues concerned with part design. These five parts make up the input collector. The expert system consults the knowledge base of manufacturing technologies using the issues identified in the input collector. The results of using the expert system are a paragraph and a list of the manufacturing technologies with their rated abilities. For those technologies which have an acceptable rating, the paragraph displays information about manufacturing. The manufacturing information generated is the time and cost to iiiproduce the tooling, the cycle time and cost to produce each part from the tooling, and the number of tools needed. The expert system was verified by entering design information into the input collector for which tooling has been produced. The results obtained with the expert system were compared with the results known by the manufacturer of the tooling to obtain the per cent error of the system. The main objective was concept verification. Therefore, the resulting total percent error within fifteen percent was considered acceptable

Refining the climate, glacier, and volcanic history of Iceland during the Holocene

Iceland’s position at the confluence of major oceanic and atmospheric fronts results in a highly sensitive climate evident in both instrumental and paleo records. However, open questions still remain regarding the pre-instrumental evolution of climate, glacier, and volcanic activity at this hemispherically relevant location. This dissertation capitalizes on and merges a range of analytical techniques in an effort to refine our understanding of Icelandic climate variability, glacier extent, and tephrochronology during the Holocene epoch, with a focus on Northwest Iceland. In order to provide robust age control in our records, this research required the development of a tephrochronological framework for West Iceland, a region that lacks the otherwise widely-dispersed rhyolitic marker tephras. Glacier proxies (threshold lake sediment records and emerging dead vegetation from receding ice margins) provide firm constraints on the Holocene activity of Drangajökull, an ice cap in northwest Iceland, and high-resolution lake sediment proxy records (TOC, δ13C, C/N and biogenic silica) collected adjacent to the glacier elucidate the concomitant climate. Furthermore, we explore two lipid biomarker paleothermometers (alkenones and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, GDGTs) in one of these lakes and its catchment soils for the first time in Iceland to quantify the evolution of Holocene summer temperature. Similar to other Icelandic ice cap histories, our records collectively illustrate that a warm early Holocene (2 to 5 oC above modern) likely resulted in the complete demise of Drangajökull shortly after 9 ka. Subsequent to peak early Holocene summer warmth, lake sediment climate proxies indicate punctuated declines in algal productivity and increases in soil erosion alongside steadily decreasing northern hemisphere (NH) summer insolation. As summers continued to cool, Drangajökull re-nucleated by ~2.3 ka and episodically expanded to its maximum dimension during the Little Ice Age (0.7-0.1 ka), when summer temperatures are estimated to be ~1 oC below modern. Triggers for cold anomalies are linked to variable combinations of freshwater pulses from waning Pleistocene ice sheets, low total solar irradiance, explosive and effusive volcanism, and internal modes of climate variability, with cooling likely sustained by ocean/sea-ice feedbacks. In addition to the lake record, GDGTs were also applied in two other settings: a Holocene soil archive in central Iceland and in the marine realm along the North Iceland Shelf. For the latter, we also developed an Icelandic GDGT-temperature calibration based on marine surface sediment that highlights the reduced uncertainty (± 0.4 oC) achievable for local rather than global calibrations (e.g., ± 4.0 oC). Local calibrations are particularly important for areas where the temperature relationship of GDGTs deviates from the overall linear correlation observed in global calibrations (i.e., cold and warm regions), such as Iceland. Although clearly reflected in the maximum dimensions of Drangajökull, the Little Ice Age cooling is obscured in all lake, soil and marine organic geochemical records investigated in this dissertation. For the former two, the erosion of older soils, nutrients and relic GDGTs likely compromise the records and imply warmth. On the other hand, the development of thick sea ice inferred from highly branched isoprenoid biomarkers on the North Iceland Shelf insulated the subsurface waters during the peak Little Ice Age, likely preventing the ventilation of heat from below the surface layer to the atmosphere. This dissertation provides critical and nuanced observations necessary for evaluating modeling simulations aiming to forecast the poorly constrained climate of the coming century.Næmni Íslands fyrir veðurfarsbreytingum kemur fram í samfelldum veðurathugunum og veðurvísum og skýrist að einhverju leyti af stöðu landsins á skilum kaldra og tempraðra sjávar- og loftmassa, sem færast í takt við umhverfisbreytingar á Norður Atlantshafi. Samspil og þróun loftslags, jökla og eldvirkni fyrir tíma samfelldra mælinga er margslungið og margt er enn á huldu um hvernig orsakasamhengi er háttað. Mikilvægt er að rýna betur í þessa ferla til að unnt verði að bæta spár um komandi umhverfis- og veðurfarsbreytingar. Þessi ritgerð greinir frá rannsóknum þar sem fjölþættum greiningaraðferðum er beitt í því skyni að betrumbæta skilning okkar á loftslagsbreytingum, útbreiðslu jökla og myndun gjóskulaga á Íslandi á Nútíma, með áherslu á Vestfirði og Drangajökul. Nákvæm greining á gjóskulögum, sem er að finna í seti vatna sem liggja að Drangajökli, var gerð til að ná fram áreiðanlegum aldursgreiningum á vatnasetinu og veðurvísum sem í því finnast, en þetta svæði hefur skort nákvæmt gjóskutímatal hingað til. Vitnisburður jökulframrása (stöðuvatnaset og aldursgreiningar á gróðri sem hefur komið í ljós undan hörfandi jökli) hafa að geyma nákvæm gögn um virkni Drangajökuls á Nútíma, studdur af veðurvísum (TOC, δ13C, C/N og lífrænn kísill) sem finnast í seti stöðuvatnanna. Að auki var með þessu verkefni í fyrsta skipti á Íslandi beitt rannsóknum á tveimur hitastigs- og rakanæmum lífmerkjum (alkenones and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, GDGTs) í seti eins stöðuvatnsins og í jarðvegssniði sem er að finna á upptakasvæði þess, í þeim tilgangi að ná fram þróun magnbundins sumarhita á Nútíma. Svipað og rannsóknir á sögu og þróun annarra íslenskra jökla gefa til kynna, benda niðurstöður okkar til þess að hlýindi árla á Nútíma (á bilinu 2° til 5 °C yfir meðaltali síðustu áratuga) hafi leitt til hörfunar á forvera Drangajökuls. Fljótlega eftir að hámarki hlýnunar var náð, snemma á Nútíma, sýna veðurvísar í stöðuvatnaseti stigvaxandi hnignun í framleiðni vatnaþörunga og aukningu í jarðvegsrofi, sem svörun við hægfara lækkun sumarinngeislunar á norðurhveli jarðar. Drangajökull myndaðist á ný fyrir um 2300 árum, samhliða því að sumur tóku að kólna, og náði jökullinn hámarksútbreiðslu á litlu ísöldinni (fyrir 0,7-0,1 þúsund árum) þegar hitastig sumars er talið hafa verið ~1 °C undir meðalhita síðustu áratuga. Ástæður kaldra frávika á þessu tímabili eru tengdar minni sólarvirkni, aukinni eldvirkni (bæði sprengigosa og hraungosa) og innri breytileika veðurkerfa þar sem kólnun var viðhaldið af svörun hafs og hafíss. Hitastigs- og rakanæma lífmerkið GDGT var að auki rannsakað í tveimur öðrum umhverfum; í jarðvegssniði frá Nútíma á hálendi Íslands, og í sjávarsetkjarna sem tekinn var af landgrunninu fyrir norðan Ísland. Fyrir sjávarsetskjarnann var að auki þróaður íslenskur GDGT-hitastigskvarði, sem byggir á yfirborðssýnum teknum af sjávarbotninum og sýna niðurstöður möguleika á að ná fram minni óvissu (±0,4 °C) með slíkri staðbundinni kvörðun samanborið við hnattræna kvörðun (±4,0 °C). Staðbundin kvörðun er sérstaklega mikilvæg fyrir svæði eins og Ísland, þar sem hitastigstengsl GDGT víkur frá heildar línulegri fylgni hnattrænna kvarða (þ.e. köld og heit svæði). Þó kólnun á litlu ísöldinni endurspeglist greinilega í hámarksstærð Drangajökuls og eðlisrænum veðurvísum, kemur kólnun Litlu ísaldarinnar ekki skýrt fram í hitastigsnæma lífmerkinu (GDGT) í þeim þremur umhverfum sem hér eru til umfjöllunar (vatnaseti, jarðvegi og sjávarseti). Í fyrstu tveim tilfellunum, (þ.e. vatnaseti og jarðvegssniði), er líklegasta ástæðan rof á eldri jarðvegi frá hlýrri tíma (þ.e eldri jarðvegur hefur fokið yfir yngri jarðveg og í stöðuvatnið á hámarki litlu ísaldar), næringarefni og GDGT hafa blandast yngra efni að einhverju leyti og gefa því til kynna hlýrra hitastig en var í raun á litlu ísöldinni. Í sjávarsetinu benda lífmerkin til þess að þykkur og samfelldur hafís hafi myndast á hámarki litlu ísaldarinnar og náð að einangra sjó undir yfirborðinu og þannig komið í veg fyrir hitastreymi frá undirlögum sjávar til andrúmsloftsins. Þessi ritgerð bætir við nýjum og ítarlegum niðurstöðum sem eru mikilvægar fyrir gerð líkana sem miða að því að spá fyrir um þróun loftslags og hugsanlegar breytingar á næstu öldum.RANNIS, University of Iceland, University of Colorado Boulder, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observator

DANA DESA DAN KEPADATAN BELANJA DI KECAMATAN MEURAXA KOTA BANDA ACEH

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Meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa dalam pembelajaran teks LHO melalui permainan kata di kelas X DKV SMK S Cendekia Madiun tahun pelajaran 2024/2025

Pembelajaran Teks LHO di Sekolah memiliki beberapa tujuan, diantaranya yakni siswa mampu menulis teks LHO dengan baik dan benar. Tujuan tersebut menjadi kendala bagi siswa kelas X DKV SMK S Cendekia Madiun karena banyak siswa yang kurang memahami teks LHO. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa dalam pembelajaran teks LHO adalah menerapkan permainan kata dalam pembelajaran. Permasalahan utama dalam pennelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa dalam pembelajaran teks LHO melalui permainan kata di kelas X DKV SMK S Cendekia Madiun. Hasil Akhir dari penelitian ini terdapat pada pra siklus dimana pembelajaran masih menggunakan metode ceramah.  Siswa yang mampu tuntas belajar hanya sejumlah 7 siswa, dengan nilai tertinggi 80. Kemudian pada sisklus 1 penelitian menerapkan permainan kata dan hasil dari silkus 1 menunjukkan perkembangan yakni siswa yang mencapai tuntas belajar semakin banyak dengan jumlah ketuntasan belajar yakni sebanyak 9 siswa, dengan nilai tertinggi yakni 90. Pada siklus 2 masih dengan permainan kata, hasilnya adalah 10 siswa mencapai ketuntasan dari 11 siswa dengan nilai tertinggi 95. Dari hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil ketuntasan belajar setelah metode permianan kata diterapkan dalam pembelajaran menulis teks LHO di kelas X DKV SMK S Cendekia Madiun

Aktivitas Media Monitoring Ferrari Jakarta Oleh Public Relations Consultant PT Quantum Asia Corpora Atau AsiaPR

Harning Dio Ramadhan, D1614038, Hubungan Masyarakat, Aktivitas Media Monitoring Ferrari Jakarta Oleh Public Relations Consultant PT Quantum Asia Corpora Atau AsiaPR. Penulisan Tugas Akhir bertujuan untuk mengetahui ruang lingkup peran public relations di perusahaan konsultan PR. Public relations di konsultan PR berbeda dengan PR yang ada di perusahaan atau pemerintah, PR di konsultan menawarkan jasa konsultasi PR kepada perusahaan atau lembaga pemerintah yang memiliki masalah pada departemen PR atau sedang memiliki proyek dalam skala besar. Salah satu jasa yang dimiliki oleh AsiaPR adalah Media Monitoring. Penulis tertarik mempelajari lebih dalam mengenai media monitoring karena untuk mengevaluasi suatu kesuksesan event membutuhkan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif dari analisis media. Data tersebut dapat menjadi acuan klien dalam melihat kesuksesan pencitraan perusahaan, tentunya peran PR konsultan juga harus memberikan strategi kepada perusahaan (klien) untuk membangun citra yang positif. Pelaksanaan proses media monitoring yakni mencari, mengumpulkan, dan menganalisa berita-berita yang berkaitan dengan perusahaan di media massa. Kemudian, infomasi tersebut dapat diteruskan kepada puncak manajemen dalam bentuk usulan atau rekomendasi untuk dijadikan penilaian obyektif dalam pengambilan keputusan. Penulis melaksankan Kuliah Kerja Media selama 2 bulan dimulai pada tanggal 15 ferbruari sampai dengan 14 april. Selama magang penulis mendapatkan pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan fokus studi penulis yaitu public relations. Selama melaksanakan KKM penulis melaksanakan beberapa kegiatan, kegiatan rutin yang dilakukan antara lain media monitoring, analisa media, mengerjakan konten. Kegiatan khusus seperti mengikuti event-event yang di adakan oleh klien

PERBEDAAN ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED BERDASARKAN SIKLUS HIDUP PERUSAHAAN DAN PASAR

Abstract. This study aims to examime whether corporate and market life cycle situation have impact on financial performance. The situation that is experienced by company has impact on future financial performance. This matter is due to the risk that is taken by the company to confront that situation. The relationship between risk and return in this study will be explained by prospect theory. This study use the population of manufacture company listed in BEI period 2013-2015. This study use 115 sample of manufacture company. Those samples will be classified based on nine combination of corporate and market life cycle and will be tested with comparative test. The data analysis method of this study is mean rank comparative with kruskal wallis test. The result shows that corporate and market cycle have no impact on future financial performance. The result shows that there is no difference of financial performance based on corporate and market life cycle. This matter is caused by act of determine strategic risk that need a lot of another internal and external environment consideratio

Perbedaan Pola Makan Dan Kadar Hemoglobin Antara Ibu Hamil Primigravida dengan Ibu Hamil Primigravidamuda di PUSKESMAS Selo Kabupaten Boyolali

Pendahuluan : Hampir 50% perempuan Indonesia menikah pertama di bawah usia 19 tahun. Perkawinan muda terjadi pada perempuan di pedesaan, berpendidikan rendah, berstatus ekonomi miskin, kelompok tani, nelayan dan buruh. Perkawinan usia muda menimbulkan risiko kematian ibu saat melahirkan dan risiko kematian pada anak yang dilahirkan . Di Indonesia prevalensi anemia defisiensi besi ibu hamil 50,5%, remaja putri usia 10-18 tahun 57,1% dan usia 19-45 tahun 39,5%. Hasil survey anemia ibu hamil di Puskesmas Selo tahun 2012 sebesar 56,7% ibu hamil mengalami anemia. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan pola makan dan kadar hemoglobin antara ibu hamil primigravida dengan ibu hamil primigravida muda di Puskesmas Selo Kabupaten Boyolali. MetodePenelitian : Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 70 ibu hamil primigravida dan primigravida muda yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Kadar hemoglobin diukur menggunakan metode hemometer dengan alat hemocue. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi square dan independen sample t-test. Hasil : Status anemia subjek penelitian adalah 45,7%. Rata -rata kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil primigravida adalah 11.16 ± 1.11 gr% dan ibu hamil primigravida muda adalah 10.66 ± 1.64 gr%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan jenis makanan subjek penelitian (p=0.039), tidak ada perbedaan frekuensi makan subjek penelitian (p=0.771), tidak ada perbedaan kadar hemoglobin subjek penelitian di Puskesmas Selo Kabupaten Boyolali (p=0.136). Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan jenis makanan subjek penelitian dan tidak terdapat perbedaan frekuensi makan dan kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil primigravida dengan ibu hamil primigravida muda di Puskesmas Selo Kabupaten Boyolali