Evaluasi Legalitas Dan Kelengkapan Administratif Resep Pada Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Brebes

Penelaahan legalitas dan kelengkapan administratif dalam resep dapat mengurangi atau bahkan mencegah terjadinya kesalahan pengobatan atau medication errors, yaitu kejadian yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian kepada pasien akibat dari pemakaian obat yang kurang tepat selama dalam penanganan tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kelengkapan administratif resep yang merupakan aspek legal dari suatu resep, dengan mengkaji kemungkinan terjadinya kesalahan pengobatan dari dokter penulis resep. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis data deskriptif, pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara snowball method. Terdapat 267 lembar resep yang diteliti selama periode dari tanggal 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 dan 15 Agustus 2017 kemudian dievaluasi kelengkapan administratifnya. Kelengkapan administratif resep yang dituliskan oleh dokter pada resep, yakni nama pasien (100%), jenis kelamin (100%), umur pasien (0%), alamat pasien (98.8%), nama dokter (97.1%), nomor Surat Ijin Praktek dokter (42.3%), alamat dokter (0%), paraf dokter (0%), tanggal peresepan (95.8%), berat badan pasien (0%). Dari data yang diperoleh, sebagian besar resep telah memenuhi kriteria legalitas dan kelengkapan administratif resep sebagaimana termuat dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 72 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Saki

Perlindungan Konsumen atas Penggunaan Bahan Tambahan Pangan pada Makanan dan Minuman

Food circulation that does not meet health standards is generally caused by the desire of producers to get the maximum profit by neglecting consumer safety. Lack of legal protection for consumers results in consumers in a weak position. The purpose of this study was to determine how the legal protection of consumers for the use of food additives. The method or approach used in this research is sociological with a qualitative paradigm, in which sociology is an approach with the aim of studying and examining the existence of a phenomenon of reciprocal relations between law and other social institutions in which law is not conceptualized as a form of independent (autonomous) normative symptoms. , but as a social institution which is related significantly to other variables. The results showed that 80% of business operators use synthetic dyes, while only 20% of business operators use natural dyes. Meanwhile, the results of interviews with consumers showed that 63.33% of the consumer's benchmark in choosing food was food with a more striking color, while 36.67% of consumers chose food that had no striking color. The results showed that to protect consumers from the use of food additives, there are several efforts that can be made, namely supervision, guidance and consumer education. The conclusion of this research is to realize legal protection for consumers, every food product is required to meet food safety and quality standards, as regulated in Article 111 of the Law on Health.Keywords: food, food additives, consumer protectio

IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN MENTERI KESEHATAN RI NO.73 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STANDAR PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI APOTEK

Hukum hadir di tengah-tengah masyarakat dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas yang ada dalam masyarakat, tidak terkecuali pada ranah interaksi sosial pelaku-pelaku bidang kesehatan. Tak terkecuali Apoteker dibebani dengan kewajiban keberhasilan pengobatan yang meliputi program pengobatan yang harus dijalani pasien, memonitor hasil pengobatan serta mampu bekerja sama dengan profesi lainnya agar tujuan pengobatan bagi pasien dapat berhasil dengan baik. Pembebanan hukum tersebut tertuang dalam tatanan normatif  Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 73 Tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek, penelitian berkenaan dengan norma dimaksud melalui penelitian socio-legal. Tujuan eksistensi kaidah Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 73 Tahun 2016  memberikan perlindungan keselamatan terhadap pasien. Dalam tataran keberlakuannya kaidah normatif tersebut mengalami hambatan, diakibatkan oleh kultur hukum yang apatis dari apoteker sehingga pemahaman kesadaran dan kepatuhan hukum yang dikehendaki dari tujuan norma dibuat tidak mencapai hasil maksimal. Tujuan hukum untuk keadilan, kepastian hukum dan kemanfaatan bagi para pelaku yaitu  apoteker, pasien serta  Pemilik Sarana Apotek tidak sepenuhnya mampu menterjemahkan teks-teks dari substansi muatan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 73 Tahun 2016

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MACROMEDIA FLASH PADA MATA PELAJARAN TEKNIK PEMESINAN GERINDA KOMPETENSI MENGASAH END MILL DI SMK N 2 YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menjabarkan prosedur pengembangan media pembelajaran macromedia flash Teknik Pemesinan Gerinda kompetensi mengasah end mill; (2) mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran macromedia flash pada mata pelajaran teknik pemesinan gerinda kompetensi mengasah end mill; dan (3) mengetahui respon peserta didik terhadap media pembelajaran macromedia flash pada mata pelajaran teknik pemesinan gerinda kompetensi mengasah end mill. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and development. Penelitian dilakukan di Jurusan Teknik Pemesinan SMKN 2 Yogyakarta. Media pembelajaran macromedia flash yang dikembangkan divalidasi oleh ahli materi teknik pemesinan gerinda dan ahli media pembelajaran. Uji coba media pembelajaran dilakukan pada 30 siswa. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan, digunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian: (1) prosedur pengembangan media pembelajaran macromedia flash pada mata pelajaran Teknik Pemesinan Gerinda kompetensi mengasah end mill memodifikasi langkah menurut Sugiyono sehingga terdiri dari 8 langkah, meliputi: potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan informasi, desain produk, validasi desain, revisi desain, uji coba produk, revisi produk, produk siap digunakan; (2) media pembelajaran macromedia flash teknik pemesinan gerinda kompetensi mengasah end mill yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari penilaian media pembelajaran pada kualitas isi dengan rerata skor 4,44 (sangat baik), penilaian kualitas teknis dengan rerata skor 4,19 (baik), dan penilaian kualitas instruksional dengan rerata skor 4,15 (baik); (3) tanggapan peserta didik terhadap media pembelajaran macromedia flash teknik pemesinan gerinda kompetensi mengasah end mill yang dikembangkan sangat baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari penilaian kualitas instruksional oleh siswa yang berdasarkan indikator peran dalam membantu peserta didik dalam memahami materi serta menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa di dapatkan skor 4,46 masuk dalam klasifikasi kelayakan sangat baik

Attitudes and Other Factors Influencing End-of-Life Discussion by Physicians, Nurses, and Care Staff: A Nationwide Survey in Japan

Context:Better understanding about the attitudes of health-care providers toward end-of-life discussion would facilitate the development of systematic strategies for improving end-of-life care.Objective:To clarify attitudes toward end-of-life discussion with patients near death and explore the factors influencing these attitudes among physicians, nurses, and care staff.Methods:This study was part of a nationwide cross-sectional anonymous survey of the public attitudes toward end-of-life medical care performed in December 2017. The participants were physicians, nurses, and care staff from randomly selected facilities, including hospitals, clinics, home-visit nursing offices, nursing homes, and long-term care facilities throughout Japan. The questionnaire was sent to 4500 physicians, 6000 nurses, and 2000 care staff. We assessed attitudes about end-of-life discussion with patients near death, identification of the proxy decision maker, and sharing documented information on end-of-life discussion with the multidisciplinary team.Results:We analyzed responses from 1012 physicians, 1824 nurses, and 749 care staff. The number of responders who considered they had adequate end-of-life discussion with patients near death was 281 (27.8%), 324 (17.8%), and 139 (18.6%), respectively. Participation in a nationwide education program and caring for at least 1 dying patient per month were factors that showed a significant association with adequate end-of-life discussion and identification of the proxy decision maker.Conclusions:The percentages of physicians, nurses, and care staff involved in adequate end-of-life discussion with patients near death were not high. Participation in a structured education program might have a positive influence on end-of-life discussion with patients

PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL PADA SEKTOR BARANG KONSUMEN NON-PRIMER YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari corporate governance terhadap struktur modal pada sektor barang konsumen non-primer yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020. Menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk pemilihan sampel didapat 72 perusahaan selama 5 tahun sehingga diperoleh 360 data sampel. Variabel independen meliputi kepemilikan institusional, ukuran dewan komisaris, komisaris independen, dan komite audit, sedangkan variabel dependen yang digunakan yaitu struktur modal. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis data panel. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kepemilikan institusional terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap struktur modal. Sedangkan, unsur ukuran dewan komisaris, komisaris independen, dan komite audit tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap struktur modal. Namun, kepemilikan institusional, ukuran dewan komisaris, komisaris independen dan komite audit secara simultan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap struktur modal

グタイテキ ジブツ ニ タイスル イロ シコウ ヒョウシュツ チュウショウテキ イロ シコウ ト グタイテキ イロ シコウ ノ カンケイ

The present investigation aimed to analyze the relationship between color preference exhibited against daily objects （specific color preference） and abstract preference for color per se. Questionnaires obtained from participants with wider ranges of age （n=385） indicated that distribution of preferred and hated colors were varied in accordance with what was the target of the preference evaluation. Degrees of scatters in preferred/hated colors and ratio in which abstract preference color was selected as most suitable for designated object （or ratio in which hated color was selected as most unsuitable for the object） were also determined for each object. Furthermore, cognitive attitude toward color （color stereotype and color consciousness） can significantly affect the relationship between abstract color preference and specific color preference; person who had high color stereotype and low color consciousness turned out to match abstract color preference and specific color preference at higher probability

Concise, enantioselective, and versatile synthesis of (−)-Englerin A Based on a platinum-catalyzed [4C+3C] cycloaddition of allenedienes

NOTICE: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ronald Nelson, Moisés Gulías, José L. Mascareñas*, Fernando López* (2016), A Concise, Enantioselective and Versatile Synthesis of (-)-Englerin A based on a Pt-catalyzed [4C+3C] Cycloaddition of Allenedienes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 55, 1-6 [doi:10.1002/anie.201607348]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archivingA practical synthesis of (−)-englerin A was accomplished in 17 steps and 11 % global yield from commercially available achiral precursors. The key step consists of a platinum-catalyzed [4C+3C] allenediene cycloaddition that directly delivers the trans-fused guaiane skeleton with complete diastereoselectivity. The high enantioselectivity (99 % ee) stems from an asymmetric ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of a readily assembled diene–ynone. The synthesis also features a highly stereoselective oxygenation, and a late-stage cuprate alkylation that enables the preparation of previously inaccessible structural analoguesSupport by the Spanish MINECO (SAF2013-41943-R), ERDF, ERC (Adv. Grant 340055), Xunta de Galicia (GRC2013-041 and 2015-CP082), Orfeo-cinqa CTQ2014-51912-REDC, and CONICYT-Becas Chile (grant to R.N.) is gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Isaac Alonso is acknowledged for preliminary contributionsS

Mineral oil certified reference materials for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls from the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)

Four mineral oil certified reference materials (CRMs), NMIJ CRM 7902-a, CRM 7903-a, CRM 7904-a, and CRM 7905-a, have been issued by the National Metrology Institute of Japan, which is part of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST), for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The raw materials for the CRMs were an insulation oil (CRM 7902-a and CRM 7903-a) and a fuel oil (CRM7904-a and CRM 7905-a). A solution of PCB3, PCB8, and technical PCB products, comprising four types of Kaneclor, was added to the oil matrices. The total PCB concentrations in the PCB-fortified oils (CRM 7902-a and CRM 7904-a) are approximately 6 mg kg−1. In addition, the mineral oils which were not fortified with PCBs were also distributed as CRMs (CRM 7903-a and CRM 7905-a). Characterization of these CRMs was conducted by the NMIJ/AIST, where the mineral oils and the PCB solution were analyzed using multiple analytical methods such as dimethylsulfoxide extraction, normal-phase liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, reversed-phase liquid chromatography, and chromatography using sulfoxide-bonded silica; and/or various capillary columns for gas chromatography, and two ionization modes for mass spectrometry. The target compounds in the mineral oils and those in the PCB solution were determined by one of the primary methods of measurement, isotope dilution–mass spectrometry (ID-MS). Certified values have been provided for 11 PCB congeners (PCB3, 8, 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180, 194, and 206) in the CRMs. These CRMs have information values for PCB homologue concentrations determined by using a Japanese official method for determination of PCBs in wastes and densities determined with an oscillational density meter. Because oil samples having arbitrary PCB concentrations between respective property values of the PCB-fortified and nonfortified CRMs can be prepared by gravimetric mixing of the CRM pairs, these CRMs can be used for validation of PCB analyses using various instruments which have different sensitivities

Fatores epidemiologicos, demograficos e ambientais da dengue, zika, febre chikungunya no Município de Augustinópolis, Estado do Tocantins / Epidemiological, demographic and environmental factores of dengue, zika, fever chikungunya in the Municipality of Augustinópolis, State of Tocantins

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar os fatores de riscos relacionados a proliferação do Aedes aegypti, segundo a percepção de moradores residentes nas áreas das Unidades de Saúde Notificadoras do Município de Augustinópolis – TO. Utilizou-se como método uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória de cunho descritivo e transversal de abordagem qualitativa, este estudo foi realizado no Município de Augustinópolis, Estado do Tocantins. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um formulário aplicado junto a cinquenta moradores do Município. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes em sua maioria foram do sexo feminino, com faixa etária predominante de 30 a 59 anos. Referiram como atividade de prevenção à educação em saúde a visita domiciliar realizada pelos agentes comunitários de saúde. Desde modo, almeja-se que essa pesquisa sirva de subsídio para novos estudos acerca do comportamento da Dengue, Zika e Febre Chikungunya