13 research outputs found

    NĂ€rstĂ„endestöd och efterlevandestöd – under och efter vĂ„rdtid inom specialiserad Palliativ vĂ„rd och ASIH i SkĂ„ne

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    Bakgrund: En av hörnstenarna i palliativ vÄrd handlar om att ge stöd till alla nÀrstÄende. Enligt lagstiftning har sjukvÄrden Àven en skyldighet att speciellt beakta barns behov av information, rÄd och stöd om barnets förÀldrar eller nÄgon annan vuxen som barnet varaktigt bor tillsammans med har en livshotande sjukdom eller avlidit.Syfte: Alla nÀrstÄende inom Palliativ vÄrd och ASIH i SkÄne ska erbjudas personcentrerad och jÀmlikt stöd under och efter vÄrdtiden.Metod: Uppdraget startades 2019 och berÀknas vara klar under hösten 2022. All personal inom palliativ vÄrd och ASIH i SkÄne involverades genom att de fick göra nulÀgesanalys gÀllande nÀrstÄendestöd. I nÀsta steg utfördes gapanalys för att identifiera likhet och olikhet kring nÀrstÄendestöd. Vidare fick all personal ge förslag till att forma framtidens nÀrstÄendestöd. Efter nulÀgesanalys och gapanalys bildades en multiprofessionell arbetsgrupp med representanter frÄn alla verksamheterna i SkÄne. Arbetsgruppens uppdrag var att framstÀlla beslutsunderlag gÀllande nÀrstÄendestöd under vÄrdtid och efterlevandestöd till nÀrstÄende efter vÄrdtiden. Resultat: NulÀgesanalys som utfördes 2019 visade att nÀrstÄende med liknande behov har erbjudits olika professionella stöd. Gapanalys utfördes under 2020 för kartlÀggning av vilka former av stöd saknades/önskades samt var relevanta i nu tiden. Under 2021 arbetet har fortsatt med att definiera vad nÀrstÄendestöd innefattar och under 2022 har arbete pÄgÄtt med att ta fram beslutsunderlag för hur och vilka former av nÀrstÄendestöd som ska erbjudas.Betydelse: Genom strukturerad arbetssÀtt identifiera nÀrstÄendes förutsÀttningar, behov och önskemÄl ökar sannolikheten för att nÀrstÄende erbjuds rÀtt stöd, i rÀtt tid och av rÀtt profession

    KaasasĂŒndinud N-glĂŒkosĂŒĂŒlimise haigused Eestis

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    VĂ€itekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneKaasasĂŒndinud glĂŒkosĂŒĂŒlimise haigused (KGH) moodustavad kiirelt areneva ainevahetushaiguste grupi ning on pĂ”hjustatud valkude ja lipiididega seotud glĂŒkaanide hĂ€irunud sĂŒnteesist. Erinevad valkude N-glĂŒkosĂŒĂŒlimise haigused on enim diagnoositavad KGH-d ja PMM2-CDG on kĂ”ige sagedasem N-glĂŒkosĂŒĂŒlimise haigus. KGH sĂŒmptomid on mittespetsiifilised ja multisĂŒsteemsed. Valikmeetod KGH skriinimiseks on seerumi transferriini isoelektriline fokuseerimine (IEF). KĂ€esoleva uuringu eesmĂ€rk oli juurutada Eestis KGH diagnostikaks transferriini IEF ja hinnata kolme aasta jooksul N-glĂŒkosĂŒĂŒlimise haiguste esinemist meie patsientide hulgas. Kuuel patsiendil 1230-st esines KGH skriiningul positiivne tulemus, mis leidis molekulaarse kinnituse. Esmalt nĂ€itasime, et kĂ”ige sagedasem KGH Eestis on PMM2-CDG, mida diagnoositi neljal patsiendil kahest perekonnast. Ühe pere lastel vĂ€ljendub haigus kerge neuroloogilise vormina, kuid normaalse kognitiivse arenguga, mida PMM2-CDG patsientide hulgas esineb harva. Eesti PMM2-CDG patsientidel oli kĂ”ige sagedasem variant PMM2 geenis p.Val131Met. Teiseks, esitasime tulemused PMM2-CDG eeldatava sageduse kohta, kasutades Tartu Ülikooli Eesti Geenivaramu andmeid. Leidsime viis erinevat PMM2 heterosĂŒgootset mutatsiooni. KĂ”ige sagedasem geenivariant on p.Arg141His kandlussagedusega 1/224. p.Val131Met kandlussagedus on 1/449. Eeldatav PMM2-CDG sagedus Eestis on 1/77,000. Kolmandaks, kirjeldasime patsienti KGH alatĂŒĂŒbiga SLC35A2-CDG ning vĂ”rdlesime tema fenotĂŒĂŒpi ja genotĂŒĂŒpi 14 rahvusvahelise patsiendi kliiniliste andmetega. Patsientidele on iseloomulik mittespetsiifiline neuroloogiline haigus ĂŒldise arengu hilistumise, lihashĂŒpotoonia, krampide ning epileptilise entsefalopaatiaga, dĂŒsmorfsed tunnused ja lĂŒhike kasv. Lisaks vĂ”ib transferriini IEF olla vale-negatiivne. Neljandaks, kirjeldasime multisĂŒsteemsete kliiniliste sĂŒmptomitega ning uue, seni kirjeldamata KGH alatĂŒĂŒbiga patsienti, kellel on KGH alatĂŒĂŒbi pĂ”hjuseks tĂ”enĂ€oliselt haiguspĂ”hjuslik homosĂŒgootne muutus STX5 geenis. KĂ€esolev uuring nĂ€itas, et Eesti patsientide puhul on transferriini IEF on tulemuslik meetod KGH diagnostikas. Skriiningu rakendamine vĂ”imaldas lisada uusi kliinilisi ja epidemioloogilisi andmeid erinevate teadaolevate ning uue KGH alatĂŒĂŒbi kohta.Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding group of inherited metabolic diseases caused by impaired synthesis and attachment of glycans on proteins and lipids. Disorders affecting the N-glycosylation pathway form the most common CDG subgroup, and the most common N-glycosylation disorder is PMM2-CDG. The symptoms of different CDG are often non-specific and multisystem. Serum transferrin isoelectric focusing (Tf IEF) is a routine method to screen CDG. The aim of this study was to implement Tf IEF in Estonian clinical practice and to study the presence of N-glycosylation defects among Estonian patients in a three-year screening period. Altogether, positive CDG screening with subsequent molecular confirmation was detected in six patients among 1230 subjects screened. First, the most frequent CDG in Estonia is PMM2-CDG as we diagnosed this disorder in four patients from two families. In one family, the siblings show a mild neurological phenotype with normal-borderline cognitive development, which has previously been seldom described. Among PMM2-CDG patients, the most common variant in PMM2 gene is p.Val131Met. Second, we reported the expected frequency of PMM2-CDG based on the Estonian population data. In this cohort, we identified five different heterozygous variants in PMM2 gene. The most frequent variant is p.Arg141His with carrier frequency 1/224. The carrier frequency for p.Val131Met based on the Estonian population data is 1/449. The expected frequency of PMM2-CDG is 1/77,000. Third, we described a patient with SLC35A2-CDG and compared his phenotype-genotype with 14 international SLC35A2-CDG patients. This type of CDG presents as a non-specific neurological syndrome with global developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures and epileptic encephalopathy, together with dysmorphic features and short stature. In addition, Tf IEF can show a normal profile. Fourth, we presented a patient with multisystem clinical CDG features and a novel type II CDG likely caused by homozygous variant in STX5. In conclusion, Tf IEF proved to be an effective method to detect CDG among Estonian patients. Our results led to many findings, which have helped to add new clinical and epidemiological data about different known types of CDG, but also to expand the group of CDG by the discovery of a new type of CDG

    Spirometric phenotypes from early childhood to young adulthood : a Chronic Airway Disease Early Stratification study

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    Acknowledgements Cohort-specific acknowledgements are presented in the supplementary material. We also acknowledge collaboration with the EXPANSE consortium (funded by the EU H2020 programme, grant number 874627). We thank Elise Heuvelin, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland, for her assistance on the current project.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    Genomic analyses identify hundreds of variants associated with age at menarche and support a role for puberty timing in cancer risk

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    The timing of puberty is a highly polygenic childhood trait that is epidemiologically associated with various adult diseases. Using 1000 Genomes Project-imputed genotype data in up to similar to 370,000 women, we identify 389 independent signals (P <5 x 10(-8)) for age at menarche, a milestone in female pubertal development. In Icelandic data, these signals explain similar to 7.4% of the population variance in age at menarche, corresponding to similar to 25% of the estimated heritability. We implicate similar to 250 genes via coding variation or associated expression, demonstrating significant enrichment in neural tissues. Rare variants near the imprinted genes MKRN3 and DLK1 were identified, exhibiting large effects when paternally inherited. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest causal inverse associations, independent of body mass index (BMI), between puberty timing and risks for breast and endometrial cancers in women and prostate cancer in men. In aggregate, our findings highlight the complexity of the genetic regulation of puberty timing and support causal links with cancer susceptibility

    Genomic analyses identify hundreds of variants associated with age at menarche and support a role for puberty timing in cancer risk

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    The timing of puberty is a highly polygenic childhood trait that is epidemiologically associated with various adult diseases. Using 1000 Genomes Project–imputed genotype data in up to ~370,000 women, we identify 389 independent signals (P < 5 × 10−8^{−8}) for age at menarche, a milestone in female pubertal development. In Icelandic data, these signals explain ~7.4% of the population variance in age at menarche, corresponding to ~25% of the estimated heritability. We implicate ~250 genes via coding variation or associated expression, demonstrating significant enrichment in neural tissues. Rare variants near the imprinted genes MKRN3 and DLK1 were identified, exhibiting large effects when paternally inherited. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest causal inverse associations, independent of body mass index (BMI), between puberty timing and risks for breast and endometrial cancers in women and prostate cancer in men. In aggregate, our findings highlight the complexity of the genetic regulation of puberty timing and support causal links with cancer susceptibility

    Nursing in the Event of Postoperative Nausea

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    20-30 % av alla som opereras drabbas av PONV (post operative nausea and vomiting). Behandlingen av PONV Ă€r idag fokuserad pĂ„ lĂ€kemedelsbehandling som t ex antiemetika. De omvĂ„rdnadsĂ„tgĂ€rder som utförs Ă€r inte evidensbaserade i samma utstrĂ€ckning som den medicinska behandlingen. Det som Ă€r ”naturligt” för en sjuksköterska att utföra som omvĂ„rdnadsĂ„tgĂ€rd, Ă€r inte alltid naturligt för en annan. Syfte Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa de omvĂ„rdnadsĂ„tgĂ€rder som vidtas för att förebygga eller behandla postoperativt illamĂ„ende och krĂ€kningar, samt vilken effekt dessa Ă„tgĂ€rder har ur ett omvĂ„rdnadsperspektiv. Syftet var ocksĂ„ att studera vilka alternativ till medicinsk behandling, och om deras effekt, beskrivs i aktuell vetenskaplig litteratur. Metod Detta Ă€r en litteraturstudie med sökning genomförd frĂ€mst i databaserna i PubMed och CINAHL med utgĂ„ngspunkt i sökorden PONV AND Nursing. Resultat I de artiklar som valts för litteraturstudien var de vanligaste omvĂ„rdnadsĂ„tgĂ€rderna vid PONV att lĂ€gga en kall och fuktig tvĂ€ttlapp i patientens panna, att höja takten pĂ„ droppet, att be patienten dra djupa andetag, samt att utföra munvĂ„rd. Dessa Ă„tgĂ€rder gjordes initialt vid PONV och innan antiemetika gavs. De omvĂ„rdnadsĂ„tgĂ€rder som utförs utvĂ€rderades sĂ€llan varför det var svĂ„rt att utvĂ€rdera vilken effekt de hade. NĂ€r det gĂ€ller syrgasbehandling, tillförsel av kolsyrade drycker och mobilisering vid behandling av PONV var forskningen tillsynes begrĂ€nsad. Under senare Ă„r har flera komplement prövats, bl a musikterapi, guided imagery, ingefĂ€ra och akupressur. Akupressur var det som i flera av studierna visade sig ha god effekt mot PONV. Diskussion Under studiens gĂ„ng har det alltmer framkommit att det inte Ă€r lĂ€tt att behandla PONV. Orsaken till illamĂ„ende Ă€r multifaktoriell. PONV beskrivs som the big little problem. Precis som att orsaken till PONV Ă€r individuell sĂ„ Ă€r det bĂ€sta sĂ€ttet att behandla individuellt. Det finns mĂ„nga behandlingar som förebygger, lindrar och botar, men det gĂ€ller att hitta den rĂ€tta behandlingen för den enskilde patienten. NĂ€r det gĂ€ller omvĂ„rdnadsĂ„tgĂ€rder Ă€r forskningsunderlaget litet. SlĂ„ende Ă€r dock att sjuksköterskorna inte dokumenterar och utvĂ€rderar sina omvĂ„rdnadsĂ„tgĂ€rder

    SOS 112– vad har intrĂ€ffat? : En studie av framgĂ„ngs- och riskfaktorer i nöd-samtalet utifrĂ„n ett förbĂ€ttringsarbete för att öka sĂ€kerstĂ€llandet av vitala parametrar genom reflektion.

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    Den akuta prehospitala vÄrden börjar ofta med ett nödsamtal. Detta, mycket komplexa samtal, Àr vÄrd som ska vara av god kvalitet, ges pÄ lika villkor och den som har störst behov ska ges företrÀde. Syftet med förbÀttringsarbetet var att genom regelbunden Äterkommande, strukturerad Äterkoppling och reflektion öka sÀkerstÀllandet av vitala parametrar och korrekt prioritering i nödsamtalen. Syftet med studien var identifiera framgÄngs- och riskfaktorer ur SOS-operatörens perspektiv pÄ nödsamtalet med fokus pÄ sÀkerstÀllande av vitala parametrar, korrekt prioritering samt sammanhanget runt ett nödsamtal.   Genom att, under fyra mÄnader, tillsammans med initialt 12 operatörer, individuellt reflektera över innehÄllet samtalet samt skriva ned reflektionerna medvetandegjordes operatören pÄ innehÄllet i samtalet. Detta ledde till en ökning gÀllande sÀkerstÀllande av vitala parametrar och korrekt prioritering. En innehÄllsanalys av reflektionerna visade att det var en framgÄngsfaktor att vara professionell och att brister i samtalsmetodiken var en stor riskfaktor. NÀr faststÀlld process för samtalet följdes var det en framgÄngsfaktor likvÀl som det var en riskfaktor nÀr den inte följdes.   Slutsatsen blev att regelbunden avlyssning och reflektion ökar sÀkerstÀllandet av vitala parametrar och korrekt prioritering i nödsamtalen samt att det Àr en framgÄngsfaktor att följa faststÀlld process för samtalet men att tekniskt stöd för ÀndamÄlet saknas.The purpose of the underlying improvement work was to increase the proportion of calls in which vital parameters are secured, and the case is given correct prioritization through regular interception and reflection. The purpose of the study was to identify success and risk factors from the perspective of the emergency call-taker on the emergency call with a focus on securing vital parameters, correct prioritization and the context of the emergency call.   In the improvement work, 12 emergency call-takers were asked, within a period of four months, to individually reflected on the contents in calls and write down reflections. This was contributing to an increase in secured vital parameters and correct prioritization. A content analysis of the reflections demonstrated that it was a success factor to be professional and limitations in the call methodology was a risk factor. When the set process for the call was followed it was a success factor and a risk factor when it was not followed.   The conclusion is that regular interception and reflection increase securing vital parameters and correct prioritization in emergency calls and that it is a success factor to follow the set process for the call, but that technical support for the purpose is missing

    Reading stategies and fiction : A survey about reading strategies, teaching literature and fiction in Swedish lessons

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    Uppsatsen undersöker fem lĂ€rares arbete och undervisning om litteraturoch lĂ€sstrategier utifrĂ„n skönlitteratur. Skönlitteratur visade sig vara ettviktigt arbetsredskap i undervisningen för att utveckla lĂ€sstrategier och godlĂ€sförstĂ„else. Litteratur anses vara traditionsbĂ€rare för kultur, historia ochgemenskap och för mĂ€nniskorsutveckling. LĂ€roplan och kursplan i svenska har tydliggjort vikten av lĂ€sningoch lĂ€sstrategier i undervisningen. Elever behöver tillgĂ„ng till lĂ€sstrategierför att kunna lĂ€sa olika typer av texter pĂ„ ett Ă€ndamĂ„lsenligt och effektivtsĂ€tt. Trots skolors medvetenhet kring lĂ€snings vikt visar rapporter ochundersökningar frĂ„n statliga utredningar att lĂ€sförstĂ„else överlag försĂ€mratshos dagens skolungdomar. Vi stĂ€ller oss frĂ„gorna hur lĂ€rare arbetar medskönlitteratur, vad lĂ€sstrategier innebĂ€r och hur de arbetar med strategierna.VĂ„r metod var en kvalitativ enkĂ€tundersökning ochdeltagare var samtliga svensklĂ€rare frĂ„n samma skola. VĂ„rt resultatvisade att lĂ€rarnas kunskaper i och om lĂ€sstrategier varierade och sĂ„ Ă€venarbetet med skönlitteratur och hur de arbetar med elevernas lĂ€sförmĂ„ga.Sammanfattningsvis kan vi konstatera att lĂ€sning Ă€r mer Ă€n en aktivitet mellanlĂ€sare och text, den kan berika mĂ€nniskors liv och bidra till en förstĂ„else förbĂ„de sig sjĂ€lva och andra individer.  LĂ€sning av litteratur Ă€r ettarbetsverktyg och hjĂ€lpmedel i undervisningen och det kan skapa delaktighet isamhĂ€llet dĂ„ förmĂ„gor som kritiskt tĂ€nkande och ett analytiskt förhĂ„llningssĂ€ttkan uppkomma i samband med boksamtal eller diskussioner.This paper investigates five teachers work and teaching about literature and reading strategies based on fiction. Fiction turned out to be an important tool in teaching, especially in reading strategies and reading comprehension. Literature is considered tradition bearer of culture, history and intellectual fellowship and human development. The Swedish curriculum and syllabus has clarified the importance of reading and reading strategies in teaching. Students need access to reading strategies so they can read different types of texts in an effective and efficient manner. Despite schools' awareness of the importance of reading, reports and surveys from government investigate reading comprehension in students’ ability to comprehend reading have worsened.  The paper investigates how teachers work with fiction and what reading strategies mean for the participants and how they work with the strategies. Our method is a qualitative survey and the participants are all Swedish teachers from the same school. Our results showed that teachers 'skills and reading strategies varied and so even work with fiction and how they work with students' reading skills. Our conclusions are that reading is more than an activity between readers and the text they have read. Reading can enrich people's lives and contribute to an understanding of both themselves and other individuals. Reading of literature is a tool and a teaching tool which can create participation in society, because students evolve skills such as critical thinking and an analytical approach which can arise when they take part of conversions of books and other types of literary discussions

    Elemental composition of fog interstitial particle size fractions and hydrophobic fractions related to fog droplet nucleation scavenging

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    The cloud nucleation scavenging process was studied during a joint campaign of the EUROTRAC sub‐project Ground‐based Cloud Experiment. It was found that the particle size has a strong influence on the partitioning of particles between the cloud droplet and the interstitial aerosol reservoirs. A new aerosol sampling unit, the relative humidity processing system, was employed for the extraction of particles with a low growth‐ability with respect to increased relative humidity. The system supplied tracer elements on the particle growth‐ability. These elements could be used to identify a factor related to particle hygroscopic properties, which was in effect as a selector of cloud condensation nuclei

    Spirometric phenotypes from early childhood to young adulthood: a Chronic Airway Disease Early Stratification study

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    Background The prevalences of obstructive and restrictive spirometric phenotypes, and their relation to early-life risk factors from childhood to young adulthood remain poorly understood. The aim was to explore these phenotypes and associations with well-known respiratory risk factors across ages and populations in European cohorts. Methods We studied 49334 participants from 14 population-based cohorts in different age groups (â©œ10, >10–15, >15–20, >20–25 years, and overall, 5–25 years). The obstructive phenotype was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score less than the lower limit of normal (LLN), whereas the restrictive phenotype was defined as FEV1/FVC z-score â©ŸLLN, and FVC z-score <LLN. Results The prevalence of obstructive and restrictive phenotypes varied from 3.2–10.9% and 1.8–7.7%, respectively, without clear age trends. A diagnosis of asthma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR=2.55, 95% CI 2.14–3.04), preterm birth (aOR=1.84, 1.27–2.66), maternal smoking during pregnancy (aOR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.35) and family history of asthma (aOR=1.44, 95% CI 1.25–1.66) were associated with a higher prevalence of obstructive, but not restrictive, phenotype across ages (5–25 years). A higher current body mass index (BMI was more often observed in those with the obstructive phenotype but less in those with the restrictive phenotype (aOR=1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.06 and aOR=0.81, 95% CI 0.78–0.85, per kg·m−2 increase in BMI, respectively). Current smoking was associated with the obstructive phenotype in participants older than 10 years (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.46). Conclusion Obstructive and restrictive phenotypes were found to be relatively prevalent during childhood, which supports the early origins concept. Several well-known respiratory risk factors were associated with the obstructive phenotype, whereas only low BMI was associated with the restrictive phenotype, suggesting different underlying pathobiology of these two phenotypes
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